What is the major function of the coating on an arc welding

electrode?
a. Acts as a scavenger,
removes oxides and
impurities
b. Influences incomplete
penetration
c. Liquefies the base metal
d. Adds moisture and
accelerates the cooling rate
The key is major function, and that is to purify the weld pool and weld metal.

2. Square wave refers to the ____________.

a. shape of the filler metal
b. shape of the tungsten electrode
c. shape of the output power
d. shape of the power source control box
The shape of the output wave form from this type power source is referred to as square
wave. These type power sources have enhanced performance on a.c. They can control
the balance, amplitude, frequency etc… to allow better control of penetration and
cleaning action.

3. Shielding gases are used to protect the molten metal from _______.
a. being overheated and cooling to fast
b. porosity and brittleness
c. heat and distortion
d. being too cold and not penetrating
The surrounding air around the weld pool, contains oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen.
These gases get into the molten weld pool and cause gas bubbles to form (porosity)
and lead to embrittlement and weld cracking.

4. Weld backing is used with a process that uses a separate flux and electrode to _______ .
a. make the overall weld joint stiffer
b. provide more weight to the weldment
c. make the material thicker where it is needed
d. support the highly fluid weld pool so it will not fall through the joint
Weld backing is used on the back side of the joint to prevent melt through and to assure
complete penetration of the weld joint.

5. _________ is the weight of a volume of material compared with an equal volume of water.
a. Mass
b. Density
c. Specific gravity
d. Heft
The density of steel is 490 pounds per cubic foot and its specific gravity is 7.8 times that
of water. Water weighs 1000 Kg/m3. Therefore, a cubic meter of steel would weigh
approximately 7800 kg depending upon the exact grade of steel being checked.
Porosity, slag inclusion or other types of discontinuities would reduce the weight but not
the specific gravity.

6. A medium carbon steel has a carbon content of what percentage range?

a. 0.05% to 0.15%
b. 0.16% to 0.60%
c. 0.60% to 1.70%
d. 1.70% to 2.15%

Reference the
classification system table.

7. If a liquid weld pool is at a very high level of energy, at what approximate temperature will
the steel begin to solidify?
a. 1333 F
b. 2780 F
c. 3200 F
 d. 3780 F
When welding, the melting point of steel (approx. 27800 F) versus the solidification point
of the fast freezing flux or slag (approx. 32000 F) is important to know. Also, it is
important to know that the melting point varies with the carbon and alloy content of
steel. Steel is magnetic until heated above the transformation temperature of
approximately 1333 0 F. How fast the metal conducts heat will have a large effect of
preheat and inter-pass temperature control. How much the metal expands on heating
and contracts when cooling needs to be understood to control buckling and distortion.

8. __________ is a groove melted into the base metal next to the weld toe or weld root and has
not been filled in.
a. Cracks
b. Craters
c. Under fill
d. Undercut
Undercut best describes this fashion. Some people want to call it “under fill” but it is not
correct, since it is not in the weld being located next to the toe.

9. If the weld does not combine with another weld or the base metal it is referred to as:
a. incomplete penetration
b. incomplete fusion
c. incomplete bonding
d. incomplete inclusion
If the weld does not combine with another weld or the base metal it is referred to as
Incomplete fusion.

10. To determine if a welder is

qualified, the welder must
pass a ________________
test.
a. WPQR
b. WPS
c. PQR
d. Code
WPQR determines if a welder
is qualified to a Welding
Procedure Specification.

11. Which term best describes

the operation where a
welder or welding operator
has control of a molten weld
pool and the weld pool has a
side to side motion that is
transverse to the travel
direction?
a.
Oscilllation
b. Weaving
c.
Whipping
d. Both a
and c
This welding technique would
appear in the welding
instructions or in the welding
procedure specification. This
generally increases the heat
input per weld pass, but will
generally reduce the total
number of weld passes
required to fill the joint.

12. A broken surface is being observed. A small pore or inclusion type discontinuity appears as
a round bright area. Which term fits this description?
a. Nucleation
b. Crack
c. Spider web
d. Fisheye
A fisheye is caused by the presence of hydrogen in the weld. If this appeared on a
break test of some type it may or may not be acceptable. Always verify the acceptance
criteria per the code or specification.

13. Arc time is:

a. the time the arc is on during the arc welding operation.
 b. the total time the welder is clocked into work.
c. the non-arc time.
d. the total arc and non-arc time.
This is also considered the operating factor and is thought of as the percentage of a
shift that a welder/welding operator is actually welding. For robotic and mechanized
welding, it can be as high as 90% while for manual and semiautomatic welding it can be
as low as 10-20% operating factors.

14. What is the difference between back and backing welds?

a. Equipment used
b. Sequence of when the welds are made
c. Materials used
d. None of the above
Though the weld symbols are identical, the sequence of how the welds are made is
different. The back weld is made last and the backing weld is made first.

15. What NDE process is indicated in the following description? Detects surface discontinuities
only. It can also verify fit-up, joint configuration, weld dimensions and profiles.
a. PT
b.
RT
c.
MT
d.
VT
VT stands for Visual Examination. This is the most common NDE process and can be
used before, during and after welding to assure product quality and productivity.

16. Penetrant Testing uses a penetrating liquid dye which is applied to a properly prepared
surface. The dye is pulled into the discontinuity by _______ action.
a. suction
b. heating
c. cooling
d. capillary
Capillary action is the ability of a liquid to flow in a narrow space or root opening. This is
accomplished without the assistance of external forces and even in opposition of
external forces like gravity.
17. Which of the following is an established norm or requirement issued by the federal, state or
local government about technical systems?
a. Welder Continuity Report
b. Standards
c. Specification
d. Recommended Practices
A standard is established for use as a rule or basis of comparison in measuring or
judging capacity, quantity, content, extent, value, quality, etc…

18. Before welding can be done to an industrial welding standard, the supervisor needs to
verify:
a. the quality metric.
b. the cost metric.
c. the safety metric.
d. that the welding procedure specifications and welder qualifications are in order.
All industrial codes and standards reference the requirement for having qualified
procedures. They need to be openly available and the welders need to be trained on
their proper use. The welders need to be qualified on those procedures and their
qualification must be current. The supervisor needs to do this by verifying the welder’s
continuity report.

19. Normal pant and shirt material worn around welding should be of what material?
a. Polyester
b. Rayon
c. Cotton
d. Synthetics
Cotton and wool are generally recommended apparel around welding operations.
Synthetics like polyester, rayon etc… are not recommended as they melt, creating more
of burn hazard.

20. What is the minimum oxygen level for a confined space?

a. 14%
b. 16%
c. 19.5%
d. 23.5%
 The minimum oxygen level for a
confined space is 19.5% per the Oxygen Scale.