> Value is intimately related to the search

for meaning in human life

> Values are man’s purpose to render human
existence meaningful
KINDS OF VALUES
 SOCIAL VALUES RATIONAL VALUES
BIOLOGICAL VALUES These are necessary to the
Necessary to the physical survival These are necessary to the
sensual needs and
of man as an organism functions and fulfillment of
fulfillment
intellect and will
 Moral Values
choices, decisions, and actions, by
which man’s rational faculties are
involved and perfected
Hierarchy of Values
Refers to the order of values from
the lowest to the highest in
importance
Choosing our Values
 Essential values is
Must be favored by a
greater than
greater number of people
Discipline over freedom accidental
Health over beauty

Must provide greater

Permanent is greater
satisfaction
than temporary Pursuing your artistic hobby over
Education over courtship fanatical devotion to a movie star
 > God is the Summum Bonum
> The Ultimate and Absolute
> Our hearts are restless until we find God
> Without God nothing is worth valuing

God the highest Value

Ethical Theories
 The highest Good
Man is free. Man has threefold (Summum Bonum)
Happiness is found by nature; consists in beatific vision
making the soul like to God Vegetal, animal, rational of God

Plato Aristotle St Thomas Aquinas

Ethical Systems
 Islamism Utilitarianism
The greatest value is
Greatest happiness to the greatest Communism
number of people
one’s surrender to God Absolute equality

Buddhism
liberation of man from suffering Christianism
by abandoning desires The greatest value is love
Filipino Values
Filipino values are The values of the Filipinos
those we derive spring from their peculiar way
from our culture of viewing life, origin,
meaning, and purpose
 > Filipinos subscribe to the concept of
moral integrity as the idea of ultimately
desirable ideal.
> Success is measured in terms of moral
respectability

“Di baling mahirap, bastat may dangal”

Filipino Moral Ideal

Objective Values Subjective Values
Things that are valuable Presupposes a subject, that is, a person
who is valuing or experiencing such value
and desirable
 a code or policy that favors one group or
person over another and are unfair

If a teacher lets all the boys bring candy for

lunch but not the girls, that’s a double
standard

Double-Standard Mentality
Erroneous Norms of Morality
Filipinos judge what is right or wrong on
the basis of group-centeredness or
shame and fear of authority
Re-orientation of attitudes
The solution to the moral ambiguity of the
Filipinos depends largely on the attitude
towards the problem it self
Re-orientation of attitudes
Three difficulties must be overcome

> Ignorance - lack of knowledge or information

> Complacency - feeling of being comfortable with the
present state of affairs
> Rationalization - mental turning away from the real issues
 MORAL COMMITMENT

To be responsible is Values involve commitment

not essentially where the latter implies
becoming an responsibility
independent person in
the like of a “rebel”
 Characteristics of a Responsible Person

A responsible person
has the ability to A responsible person
differentiate has the ability to
between what is internalize his
essential and values
accidental
Core Values of the New
Truth,Love Integrity
Filipino and Faith

Hardwork Social
Justice