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QUESTION WITH ANSWER BANK


CHAPTER 6 - TRIGONOMETRY
1 MARK QUESTIONS

1. Write the value of sin 45º.


1
Ans. sin 45º =
2

2. When we see at a lower level from the horizontal line, then what is the angle
formed called as?
Ans. When we see at a lower level from the horizontal line, then the angle so formed is
called as angle of depression.

 sinθ cosθ 
3. Write the value of :  cosθ + sin θ  × 5sin .cos 
 

 sin  cos  
Ans.    × 5sin .cos 
 cos  sin  

(sin2  cos 2 
= × 5sin .cos 
cos  sin 
= 1×5 [ sin2 + cos2= 1]
= 5
 sinθ cosθ 
  +  × 5sin .cos  = 5
 cos θ sin θ 

11
4. If sin  = , find the value of cos using trigonometric identity.
61
Ans. sin2 + cos2 = 1
 cos2 = 1 – sin2
2
 11 
 cos  = 1 – 
2

 61 
121
 cos2 = 1 –
3721
3721 – 121
 cos2 =
3721
3600
 cos2 =
3721
60
 cos = [Taken square roots]
61
.. 2 ..

1
5. What is the value of : cot2 – ?
sin2θ
1
Ans. cot2 –
sin2 
= cot2 – cosec2
= –1 [  1 + cot2 = cosec2]
1
 cot2 – = –1
sin2θ

6. Write the value of sin 30º.


1
Ans. sin 30º =
2

7. When we see at a higher level, from the horizontal line, then what is the angle
formed called as?
Ans. When we see at a higher level, from the horizontal line, then the angle so formed is
called as angle of elevation.
 sinθ cosθ 
8. Write the value of :  cosθ + sin θ  × 3sin .cos 
 

 sin  cos  
Ans.    × 3sin .cos 
 cos  sin  

(sin2  cos 2 
= × 3sin .cos 
cos  sin 
= 1×3 [ sin2 + cos2= 1]
= 3
 sinθ cosθ 
  +  × 3sin .cos  = 3
 cosθ sin θ 

9. If tan  = 2, find the value of sec  using trigonometric identity.


Ans. 1+ tan2 = sec2
 1 + (2)2 = sec2
 1+4 = sec2
 1+4 = sec2
 5 = sec2
 sec  = 5 [Taking square roots]

10. Write the value of sin 60º.


3
Ans. sin 60º =
2
.. 3 ..

 sinθ cosθ 
11. Write the value of :  cos θ + sin θ  × 4sin .cos 
 

 sin  cos  
Ans.    × 4sin .cos 
 cos  sin  

(sin2  cos 2 
= × 4sin .cos 
cos  sin 
= 1×4 [ sin2 + cos2= 1]
= 4
 sinθ cosθ 
  +  × 4sin .cos  = 4
 cos θ sin θ 
13
12. If sec  = , find the value of tan  using trigonometric identity.
12
2
 13 
Ans. 1 + tan  = 
2

 12 

 169 
 1 + tan2 =  
 144 
169
 tan2 = –1
144
169 – 144
 tan2 =
144
25
 tan2 =
144
5
 tan  = [Taking square roots]
12

13. Write the value of sin 90º.


Ans. sin 90º = 1
 sinθ cosθ 
14. Write the value of :  cos θ + sin θ  × 6sin .cos 
 

 sin  cos  
Ans.    × 6sin .cos 
 cos  sin  

(sin2  cos 2 
= × 6sin .cos 
cos  sin 
= 1×6 [ sin2 + cos2= 1]
= 6
 sinθ cosθ 
  +  × 6sin .cos  = 6
 cos θ sin θ 
.. 4 ..

40
15. If cot  = , find the value of cosec  using trigonometric identity.
9
Ans. 1 + cot2  = cosec2
2
 40 
 1+   = cosec2
 9 
1600
 1+ = cosec2
81
81  1600
 = cosec2
81
1681
 cosec2 =
81
41
 cosec  = [Taking square roots]
9

 sinθ cosθ 
16. Write the value of :  cosθ + sin θ  × 8sin .cos 
 

 sin  cos  
Ans.    × 8sin .cos 
 cos  sin  

(sin2  cos 2 
= × 8sin .cos 
cos  sin 
= 1×8 [ sin2 + cos2= 1]
= 8
 sinθ cosθ 
  +  × 8sin .cos  = 8
 cosθ sin θ 
7
17. If sin  =, find the value of cos  using trigonometric identity.
25
Ans. sin2 + cos2 = 1
 cos2 = 1 – sin2
2
 7 
 cos2 = 1 –  
 25 
49
 cos2 = 1 –
625
625 – 49
 cos2 =
625
576
 cos2  =
625
24
 cos  = [Taking square roots]
25
.. 5 ..

 sinθ cosθ 
18. Write the value of :  cos θ + sin θ  × 7sin .cos 
 

 sin  cos  
Ans.    × 7sin .cos 
 cos  sin  

(sin2  cos 2 
= × 7sin .cos 
cos  sin 
= 1×7 [ sin2 + cos2= 1]
= 7
 sinθ cosθ 
  +  × 7sin .cos  = 7
 cos θ sin θ 

19. If 5sec – 12cosec  = 0, then find the value of tan .


Ans. 5sec – 12cosec  = 0
 5sec  = 12cosec 
5 12
 =
cos  sin 
sin  12
 =
cos  5
12
 tan  =
5

2 MARK QUESTIONS

1. If 5sin  – 12cos  = 0, then find the values of tan  and cos 


Ans. 5sin – 12cos  = 0
 5sin  = 12cos 
sin  12
 =
cos  5
12
 tan  =
5
1 + tan2 = sec2
2
 12 
 1+   = sec2
 5 
144
 1+ = sec2
25
25  144
 = sec2
25
169
 = sec2
25
13
 sec  = [Taking square roots]
5
.. 6 ..
1
 cos  = sec 

1
=
13 /5
5
 cos  =
13

2. Prove :- sec2 + cosec2 = sec2 .cosec2


Ans. L.H.S. sec2 + cosec2
1 1
= 2 +
cos  sin2

sin2  cos2
=
cos2  sin2

1
= [ sin2  + cos2  = 1]
cos   sin2
2

1 1
= 2 ×
cos  sin2
= sec2 × cosec2
= R.H.S.
 sec  + cosec2 = sec2× cosec2
2

7
3. If cot  = , then find the values of tan  and sin 
24

7
Ans. cot  = [Given]
24

1
tan   cot 

1
 7 / 24

24
 tan  
7
 1 + cot2 = cosec2
2
 7 
 1+   = cosec2
 24 

49
 1+ = cosec2
576

576  49
 = cosec2
576
.. 7 ..
625
 = cosec2
576

25
 cosec  = [Taking square roots]
24

1
sin   cosec 

1
 25 / 24

24
 sin  
25

4. Find the value of : (1 + tan2 ) (1 – sin ) (1 + sin ).


Ans. (1 + tan2 ) (1 – sin ) (1 + sin )
= sec2 (1 – sin2) [ 1 + tan2  = sec2 ]
= sec2 × cos2 [ sin2  + cos2 = 1]
1
= × cos2
cos2 
= 1
 (1 + tan2 ) (1 – sin ) (1 + sin ) = 1

5. If 3 sin  – 4cos  = 0, then find the values of cot  and sin 


Ans. 3sin  – 4cos  = 0
 3sin  = 4cos 
3 cos 
 =
4 sin 

3
 cot  =
4
 1 + cot2 = cosec2
2
3
 1+   = cosec2
4

9
 1+ = cosec2
16

16  9
 = cosec2
16

25
 = cosec2
16

5
 cosec  = [Taking square roots]
4
.. 8 ..
1
sin   cosec 

1
 5
4

4
 sin  
5

1 1
6. If tan  + tanθ = 2, then prove that tan2+ tan2 θ = 2

1
Ans. tan  + tan  = 2

2
 1 
  tan    = 22 [squaring both sides]
 tan  

1
 tan2  + 2 + = 4–2
tan2 

1
 tan2  + tan2 θ = 2

7
7. If cos  = , then find the values of cosec  and tan 
25

7
Ans. cos  = [Given]
25
 sin2 + cos2 = 1
2
 7 
 sin2 +   = 1
 25 

49
 sin2 + = 1
625

49
 sin2 = 1–
625

625 – 49
 sin2 =
625

576
 sin2 =
625

24
 sin  = [Taking square roots]
25
.. 9 ..
1
cosec  =
sin 

1
= 24
25

25
 cosec  =
24

sin 
tan  =
cos 

24 7
= 
25 25

24 25
= ×
25 7

24
 tan  =
7

8. Find the value of : (1 + cot2) (1 + cos ) (1 – cos ).


Ans. (1 + cot2) (1 + cos ) (1 – cos )
= cosec2 (1 – cos2) [ 1 + cot2  = cosec2 ]
= cosec2 × sin2  sin2cos2=1
1
= × sin2
sin2 
= 1
 (1 + cot2) (1 + cos ) (1 – cos ) = 1

9. Prove :- cot  + tan cosec .sec 


Ans. L.H.S. cot  + tan 
cos  sin 
= +
sin  cos 

cos2  sin2
=
sin   cos 

1
=  sin2cos2=1
sin   cos2

1 1
= 2 ×
sin  cos2
= cosec2. sec2
= R.H.S.
 cot  + tan = cosec .sec 
.. 10 ..
3 MARK QUESTIONS

3 1 – sec θ
1. If cos  = , then find the value of .
2 1+ cosec θ

3
Ans. cos  =
2

2
 sec  =
3
sin2 + cos2 = 1
sin2  = 1 – cos2 
2
 3
 sin2  = 1 –  
 2 

3
 sin2  = 1 –
4

4–3
 sin2  =
4

1
 sin2  =
4

1
 sin = [Taking square roots]
2
 cosec = 2

1 – sec   2 
 = 1 –  (1 + 2)
1  cose   3 

 3 – 2
=   3
 3  

3 –2 1
= ×
3 3

3 –2
=
3 3

=
 3 –2  3
3 3 3
3–2 3
=
33

3–2 3
=
9
1 – sec θ 3–2 3
=
1+ cosec θ 9
.. 11 ..
2. A boy standing at a distance of 48 metres from a building observes the top of
the building and makes an angle of elevation of 30º.Find the height of the
building.
Ans. AB represents the height of the building.
C represents the position of the boy at a distance of 48 m from the building.
ACB is the angle of elevation
A
ACB = 30o
In ABC, ABC = 90°
AB
tan C = (Definition)
BC
AB
 tan 30º =
48
30º
1 AB
 = C B
3 48
48
 AB =
3

48 3
= ×
3 3

48 3
=
3
= 16 3
 AB = 16 × 1.73 = 27.68 m
 Height of the building is 27.68 m

3. From the top of the light house, an observer looks at a ship and finds the angle
of depression to be 30°.If the height of the light-house is 100 metres, then find
how far the ship is from the light-house. D
A
Ans. AB represents the height of the lighthouse. 30º
AB = 100 m
C represents the position of ship. 100 m
DAC is the angle of depression
30º
DAC = ACB = 30o (Alternate angles theorem) B C
In ABC, ABC = 90°
AB
tan C = (By Definition)
BC
100
 tan 30º =
BC
1 100
 =
3 BC
 BC = 100 × 3
 BC = 100 × 1.73 = 173 m
 Distance of the ship from the lighthouse is 173 m
.. 12 ..

1 – sinθ
4. Prove :- = sec  – tan 
1+ sinθ

1 – sin 
Ans. Prove :
1  sin 

(1 – sin (1 – sin 


=
(1  sin (1 – sin 

(1 – sin 2
=
(12 – sin2 

(1 – sin 2
=
1 – sin2 

(1 – sin 2
=  sin2cos2=1
cos2 

1 – sin 
=
cos 

1 sin 
= –
cos  cos 
= sec  – tan 
= RHS

1 – sinθ
 = sec  – tan 
1+ sinθ

tanθ tanθ + secθ +1


5. Prove :- =
secθ – 1 tanθ + secθ – 1
Ans. 1 + tan2  = sec2 
 sec2– 1 = tan2
 (sec – 1) (sec + 1) = tan  .tan 
sec   1 tan 
 =
tan  sec  – 1

sec   1 tan  sec   1  tan 


 = = [Theorem on Equal Ratios]
tan  sec  – 1 tan   sec  – 1

tanθ tanθ + secθ +1


 =
secθ – 1 tanθ + secθ – 1
.. 13 ..

1 1 – 2 tanθ
6. If cos  = , then find the value of 1+ 2 cotθ
2
Ans. sin2 + cos2 = 1
2
 1 
 sin  + 
2
 =1
 2

1
 sin2 + = 1
2

1
 sin2 = 1 –
2

2 –1
 sin2 =
2

1
 sin2 =
2
1
 sin  = [Taking square roots]
2

sin 
tan  =
cos 

1 1
=
2  2

1
= × 2
2
 tan  = 1
1
 cot  = 1 [  cot = tan  ]

1 – 2 tan  1 – 2(1) 1- 2 –1
1  2 cot  = 1  2(1) = =
1 2 3

1 – 2 tanθ –1
 1+ 2 cotθ = 3

7. A person is standing at a distance of 80 m from a church looking at its top. The


angle of elevation is of 45º. Find the height of the church.
Ans. AB is the church with ‘A’ as its top. A
C is the position of the person at a distance of 80 m from the church.
BC = 80 m, ACB = 45o (Angle of elevation)
In ABC, ABC = 90°
AB
tan C = (Definition)
BC 45º
B
C 80 m
.. 14 ..

AB
 tan 45º =
80
AB
 1 =
80
 AB = 80 m

 Height of the church is 80 m

cosθ
8. Prove :- sec  + tan =
1– sinθ
Ans. LHS = sec  + tan 
1 sin 
 
cos  cos 

1  sin 
 
cos 

1  sin  1 – sin 
 ×
cos  1 – sin 

1 – sin2
= cos (1 – sin 

cos 2
= cos  (1 – sin   sin2cos2=1

cos 
=
1 – sin 
= RHS
cosθ
 sec  + tan =
1– sinθ

2 1 – cosec θ
9. If sec  = , then find the value of 1+ cosec θ .
3

2
Ans. sec  =
3

3 1
 cos  = [ cos  = ]
2 sec 
Now, sin2 + cos2 = 1
2
 3
 sin2+   = 1
 2 
3
 sin2+ = 1
4
.. 15 ..

3
 sin2 = 1 –
4
4–3
=
4
1
 sin2 =
4
1
 sin  = [Taking square roots]
2
1
 cosec  = 2 [ cosec  = ]
sin 
1 – cosec  1– 2 –1
1  cosec  = =
1 2 3
1 – cosec θ –1
 1+ cosec θ = 3

10. A kite is flying at a height of 60 m above the ground. The string attached to the
kite is tied at the ground. It makes an angle of 60° with the ground. Assuming
that the string is straight, find the length of the string. ( 3 =1.73)
Ans. A is the position of the kite in the sky 60 m above the ground level.
AB = 60 m
A
ACB = 60º (Angle between string and ground)
AC is the Length of string
In ABC, ABC = 90°
AB
 sin C = (Definition)
AC 60 m
60
 sin 60º =
AC
3 60
 =
2 AC 60º
C B
60  2
 AC =
3
120
 AC =
3

120 3
 AC = ×
3 3
120 3
 AC =
3
 AC = 40 3 m
 AC = 40 × 1.73
 AC = 69.2 m
 Length of the string is 69.2 m.
.. 16 ..

11. From the top of a lighthouse, an observer looking at a ship makes angle of
depression of 60°. If the height of the lighthouse is 90 metre, then find how far
the ship is from the lighthouse. ( 3 =1.73)
Ans. AB represents the lighthouse of height 90 m D
A
A is the position of the observer. 60º
DAC is the angle of depression
DAC = 60º 90 m
DAC  ACB [Alternate angles theorem] 60º
 ACB = 60º B C
In ABC, ABC = 90º
AB
tan C = [Definition]
BC
90
 tan 60º =
BC
90
 3 =
BC
90
 BC =
3
90 3
 BC = ×
3 3
90 3
 BC =
3
 BC = 30 3 m
 BC = 30 × 1.73
 BC = 51.9 m
 Distance of the ship from the lighthouse is 51.9 m.

tanθ secθ – 1
12. Prove :- =
secθ +1 tanθ
tan 
Ans. LHS =
sec   1
tan  sec  – 1
= ×
sec   1 sec  – 1
tan  (sec  – 1)
= (sec   1)(sec  – 1)

tan  (sec  – 1)
= (sec2  – 1)

tan  (sec  – 1)
=  1 + tan2sec2
tan2 
(sec  – 1)
= tan 
= RHS
tanθ secθ – 1
 =
secθ +1 tanθ
.. 17 ..

13. Prove :- (sec  – cos (cot  + tan ) = tan .sec 


Ans. (sec  – cos (cot  + tan )

 1   cos  sin  
LHS =  – cos     
 cos    sin  cos  

 1 – cos2    cos2  sin2  


=  cos    sin  .cos  
   

sin2  1
= .  sin2cos2=1
cos  cos  sin 

sin  1
= .
cos  cos 
= tan . sec 
= RHS
 (sec  – cos (cot  + tan ) = tan .sec 

4MARK QUESTIONS

1. Two buildings are facing each other on a road of width 12 metre. From the top
of the first building, which is 10 metre high, the angle of elevation of the top of
the second is found to be 60º. What is the height of the second building?
Ans. AB and CD are the heights of the two buildings on either side of a road BD.
AB = 10m, BD = 12 m
CAE is the angle of elevation C
CAE = 60º
I ABDE,
n

B = D = AED = 90º
BAE = 90º [Remaining angle]
 ABDE is a rectangle [Definition] 60º E
A
 AB = DE = 10 m and AE = BD = 12 m
In AEC, AEC = 90º
10 m
CE
tan CAE = [Definition]
AE
CE B D
 tan 65º = 12 m
12
CE
 3 =
12
 CE = 12 3 = 12 × 1.73
CE = 20.76 m
 CD = CE + DE [C – E – D]
 CD = 20.76 + 10 = 30.76 m
 Height of the second building is 30.76 m.
.. 18 ..

2. While landing at an airport, a pilot made an angle of depression of 20º. Average


speed of the plane was 200 km/hr. The plane reached the ground after 54
seconds. Find the height at which the plane was when it started landing.
(sin 20º = 0.342)
Ans. A is the position of pilot in the plane.
DAB is the angle of depression D A
B is the point where the plane just touches the ground 20º
DAB = 20º
ABC = 20º [Alternate angles theorem]
AC is the height of plane from point the ground.
AB is distance travelled in 54 sec. 20º
Distance = Speed × Time B C
AB = 200 km/hr × 54 sec
54
= 200 km/hr × hr
3600
 AB= 3 km = 3000 m
InABC, ACB = 90º
AC
sin B = [Definition]
AB
AC
 sin 20º =
3000
AC
 0.342 =
3000
 0.342 × 3000 = AC
 AC = 1026 m
 Plane was at a height of 1026 m while it was landing.

sinθ – cosθ +1 1
3. Prove :- =
sinθ + cosθ – 1 secθ – tanθ

1  1 sin  
Ans. = 1  – 
sec  – tan   cos  cos  

 1 – sin  
= 1  
 cos  

 cos  
= 1×  
 1 – sin  

1 cos 
 = ...(1)
sec  – tan  1 – sin 
sin2  + cos2  = 1
 cos2  = 1 – sin2 
 cos  × cos  = (1 – sin ) (1 + sin )
cos  1  sin 
 1 – sin  = cos 
.. 19 ..

cos  1  sin  1 + sin  – cos 


 1 – sin  = cos  = cos  – (1 – sin )

cos  1  sin  1  sin  – cos 


 1 – sin  = cos  = cos  – 1 + sin 

cos  1 + sin  – cos 


 1 – sin  = cos  – 1 + sin 

cos  sin  – cos 1


1 – sin  = sin  + cos  – 1 ... (2)

From (1) and (2)


sin  – cos  + 1 1
sin  + cos  – 1 = sec  – tan 

4. A storm broke a tree and the treetop rested 20 m from the base of the tree,
making an angle of 60º with the horizontal. Find the height of the tree.
Ans. AB represents the height of the tree.
Tree breaks at D. A
DC represents the broken part of the tree.
AD = DC 40 m
DCB = 60º, BC = 20 m
In DBC, DBC = 90°
DB
tan 60º = (Definition) D
BC
DB
 3 = 20
60º
 DB = 20 3 B C
20 m
 DB = 20 × 1.73 = 34.6 m
BC
cos 60º =
DC
1 20
 =
2 DC
 DC = 40 m
 AD = DC = 40 m
 AB = AD + DB [A – D – B]
 AB = 40 + 34.6
 AB = 74.6 m
 The height of the tree is 74.6 m

5. A ladder on the platform of a fire brigade van can be elevated at an angle


of 70° to the maximum. The length of the ladder can be extended upto 20 m. If
the platform is 2 m above the ground, find the maximum height from the
ground upto which the ladder can reach. (sin 70° = 0.94)
Ans. CD is the ground level.
BE is the base of the fire brigade van at a height of 2 m from ground level.
A is the top of the ladder of the fire brigade van at the maximum height.
.. 20 ..
A
ABC = 70º
AB is length of ladder
AB = 20m
20 m
I BCDE
n

C = D = BED = 90º
 CBE = 90º [Remaining angle] 70º
 BCDE is a rectangle [Definition] B E

 BC = ED = 2 m
2m
In BEA, BEA = 90º
AE C D
sin 70º = [Definition]
AB

AE
 0.94 =
20
 AE = 0.94 × 20
 AE = 18.8 m
AD = AE + ED [A – E – D]
= 18.8 + 2
 AD = 20.8 m
The maximum height from the ground upto which
the ladder can reach is 20.8 m

tanA cotA
6. Prove :- + = sin A.cos A
(1+ tan A)2 2 (1+ cot2A)2

tan A cot A
Ans. LHS = +
(1  tan A ) 2 2 (1  cot2A )2

tan A cot A
= 2 2 +  1 + tan2 Asec2A and 1 + cot2 Acosec2A
(sec A ) (cos ec2A )2

tan A cot A
= 4 +
sec A cosec 4A
1 1
= tan A × 4 + cot A ×
sec A cosec 4A
= tan A.cos4A + cot A.sin4A
sin A cos A
= × cos4A + sin4A
cos A sin A
= sin A.cos3A + cos A.sin3A
= sin A.cos A + (cos 2A + sin2A)
= sin A.cos A × 1 ( sin2A + cos2A = 1)
= sin A.cos A
= RHS
tanA cotA
 + = sin A.cos A
2
(1+ tan A) 2 (1+ cot2A)2
.. 21 ..

7. Two buildings are in front of each other on a road of width 15 metres. From the
top of the first building, having a height of 12 metre, the angle of elevation of
the top of the second building is 30º. What is the height of the second building?
Ans. AB and CD represents the height of the two buildings at a distance of 15 m.
BC = 15 m, AB = 12 m
DAE is the angle of elevation. D
DAE = 30º
In ABCE,
B = C = CEA = 90º
 BAE = 90º [Remaining angle]
30º E
 ABCE is a rectangle [Definition] A
 CE = AB = 12 m and
AE = BC = 15 m
In DEA, DEA = 90º 12 m
DE
tan 30º = [Definition]
AE B C
15 m
1 DE
 =
3 15
15
 DE =
3

15  3
 DE =
3 3

15 3
 DE =
3
 DE = 5 3
 DE = 5(1.73)
 DE = 8.65 m
 DC = DE + EC [D–E–C]
= 8.65 + 12
 DC = 20.65 m
 Height of the second building is 20.65 m

8. Two poles of heights 18 metre and 7 metre are erected on a ground. The length
of the wire fastened at their tops is 22 metre. Find the angle made by the wire
with the horizontal?
Ans. AB and CD are the two poles of height 18 m and 7 m respectively.
AC is a write of length 22 m joining top A and top C of the two towers.
ACE is the angle made by the wire with the horizontal.
In EBDC,
B = D = CEB = 90º A
 ECD = 90º [Remaining angle] 22
m
 EBDC is a rectangle [Definition]
 CE = BD and BE = CD 18 m
E C
BE = 7 m
AB = AE + BE [A – E – B] 7m

 18 = AE + 7 B D
.. 22 ..

 AE = 11 m
In AEC, AEC = 90º
AE
sinACE = [Definition]
AC

11
 sinACE =
22

1
 sinACE =
2

1
But, sin 30º =
2
 sinACE = sin 30º
 ACE = 30º
 Angle made by the wire with the horizontal is 30º



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