Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
IN LANGUAGE TEACHING
A. Background
A. Progressivism
Progressivism is an educational theory that focuses on the importance of
education as a means of 'progress' in students. The progress means that progress in
the sense is changing from the traditional education which always emphasizes the
authority of educators and the authority of excessive text. According to
progressivism, "authoritarian" education has many weaknesses because
ontologically, this view is indeed wrong. For progressivism, humans are naturally
endowed with various abilities so they can face and solve the problems that are
considered to be harmful to and threaten themselves (Barnadib in Reno
Wikandari, 2012: 147).
Progressivism develops and offers new perspectives, new ways and new
methods in the learning system. The main assumption of this ism is that by giving
freedom to students in the learning process, students will be able to make
progress, because with freedom, human potential to progress and develop can run
optimally. In accordance with these assumptions, as stated by Ornstein and
Levine, educational progressivism formulates several general principles relating to
learning methods, there are: (1) students should have the freedom to develop
naturally; (2) interest is the best stimulus for the learning process; (3) educators
must be a role as guides the learning process; (4) there must be good cooperation
between the parents and the school; and (5) educational institutions must also act
as laboratories for educational reform and experimentation (Ornstein in Reno
Wikandari, 2012: 148).
Based on some of the main principles outlined above, it appears that this
progressivism bases its educational theory on the philosophy of pragmatism
education which emphasizes the importance of aspects of experience in the
learning process (learning by doing). Therefore, as can be found in pragmatism,
the theory of progressivism education also carries alternative educational methods
that utilize student activities, and bases the learning process on experience and
problem solving (Ornstein in Reno Wikandari, 2012: 148). Students, by
progressivism are not placed as subjects of education, but as "learners" (learners).
The assumptions about students carry their own implications because for
educational progressivism, education is placed more as an activity and experience
rather than as verbal and literal learning, which in the end will only apply to
individual and competitive educational processes (Ornstein in Reno Wikandari,
2012: 148).
Progressivism puts the school or educational institution as a place that gives
students full freedom to experiment, which is to enrich their experience. In
accordance with the basic philosophy of education, namely pragmatism,
educational progressivism also emphasizes the importance of the learning process
as learning about problem solving. Therefore, in order to equip students with the
ability to solve the problem, the school also becomes a place that provides a kind
of "simulation" to students about the reality commonly faced in real life, and then
gives freedom to students to solve the proposed problem.
The point is that in progressivism, experience becomes a very important
medium for the success of the learning process. "Experience is the most valuable
teacher", therefore in the implementation of the educational process,
progressivism try to present an experience in the learning process so that when
students later live in the realities of society, they already have sufficient
experience in how to solve various problems . In other words, through this way,
progress as the goal of progressivism can actually be achieved because the
liberation of human beings that they aspire to can also be realized in the
educational process.
In general the role of educators is as a facilitator who will help students in
finding new ways of completing their respective projects, in terms of their interest
or interest in a problem (Barnadib in Reno Wikandari, 2012: 150).
B. Pioneers of Progressivism
https://www.scribd.com/doc/304771203/Definisi-Pengajaran-Dan-Pembelajaran
https://silabus.org/pengertian-pendidikan/
https://www.kompasiana.com/henyharyati/552e374c6ea834cb238b457d/5-alasan-
pentingnya-pendidikan
http://ansharbrengos-balter-jaya.blogspot.com/2015/02/teori-pendidikan-
progresivisme.html?m=1