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4.2
The land selected for substation should be leveled one and open from all sides There should
not be water logging during the rainy season. There should be enough and av
substation wherein incoming and outgoing lines have easy access without any construction
According to the latest practice the land required for various types of substation is given below.
Type of substation
Area Required
a)400 KV sub-station
50 acres
b220 KV sub-station
25 acres
c 132 KV substation
10 acres
4.3. Facility of communication
The site selected should provide suitable facility for communication both during and after its
construction. It is better to have site along side of existing road for easier and cheaper
transportation
4.4.
Atmosphere Pollution
Atmosphere near factories can produce metal corroding gases, air fumes or dust. Similarly
nearer to coastal areas the air is humid and may be salt loaded which is not located near
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4.5
t should provide easy operation and maintenance. The operation staft should be provided with
The site proposed for substation should have proper drainage arrangement It avoids pollution
of air and growth of microorganism hazardous to equipment and health
5. SUBSTATION EQUIPMENT
5.1
Main Bus-Bar
Bus-bar term is used for main bus or conductor carrying an electric current through which many
connections may be made. These are merely convenient means of connecting switches a
other and other equipment into various arrangements. In some arrangement 2 buses are
provided to which the incoming or outgoing feeders and the principle equipment may be
connected. One bus is usually called the 'Main bus and other is 'Auxiliary bus or the Transfer
bus
For setting up or down the system voltage, power transformer are used in the substation At
generating end, the voltage is only stepped up for transmission of power while at all the
subsequent substation the voltage is gradually stepped down to reach finally to working voltage
level. Instead of using a bank of 3 single phase transformer a single 3 phase transformer is
used now days. Usually naturally cooled, oil immersed knows as ON type, 2 winding 3phase
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e usually air blast cooled For regulating the voltage transformer used are provided with on
load tap changer The transformers are generally installed upon length of rails fixed on concrete
It is step up transformer which reduces the current by known ratio. The current coilsO
indicating and metering instruments and protective relays are supplied by these
line The secondary consist of large number of turns of fine wire If current to be me
It reduces the system voltages by a known ratio. The secondary of these transformers
supply the potential coil of measuring and indicating instruments and relay The primary winding
consist of large no. of turns of fine wire connected across line. The secondary winding consis
of few turns
6.1.
Isolator
In electrical network system it is often desired to disconnect apart o the system for general
maintenance and repair For this purpose isolator is needed which can break the system
physically Generally isolator is a mechanical switching device and they are operated under no