𝑥′(𝑡) 3 −1 𝑥(𝑡)

12. La solución general de( )=( )( ) es:

𝑦′(𝑡) 1 1 𝑦(𝑡)
1 1 1
a) X(t)= 𝐶1 ( ) 𝑒 2𝑡 + 𝐶2 [( ) 𝑡𝑒 2𝑡 + ( ) 𝑒 2𝑡 ]
1 1 0
−1 2𝑡 −1 1
b) X(t)= 𝐶1 ( ) 𝑒 + 𝐶2 [( ) 𝑡𝑒 + ( ) 𝑒 2𝑡 ]
2𝑡
1 1 0
1 𝑡 1 𝑡 0 𝑡
c) X(t)= 𝐶1 ( ) 𝑒 + 𝐶2 [( ) 𝑡𝑒 + ( ) 𝑒 ]
1 1 1
−1 𝑡 1 0
d) X(t)= 𝐶1 ( ) 𝑒 + 𝐶2 [( ) 𝑡𝑒 + ( ) 𝑒 𝑡 ]
𝑡
1 1 1
1 𝑡 1 𝑡 0 𝑡
e) X(t)= 𝐶1 ( ) 𝑒 + 𝐶2 [( ) 𝑡𝑒 + ( ) 𝑒 ]
1 1 1
Solución:

𝑥′(𝑡) 3 −1 𝑥(𝑡)
( ) = ( )( )
𝑦′(𝑡) 1 1 𝑦(𝑡)

|A − λI| = 0

3−𝜆 −1
=| |=0
1 1−𝜆

→ (3 − 𝜆)(1 − 𝜆) + 1 → 𝜆2 − 4𝜆 + 4 = (𝜆 − 2)2 → 𝜆1 = 𝜆2 = 2

 Para 𝜆1 = 2 ;

𝐴𝑣 = 𝜆𝑣

3 −1 𝑥1 𝑥1
( ) (𝑥 ) = 2 (𝑥 )
1 1 2 2

3𝑥1 − 𝑥2 = 2𝑥1
={ }
𝑥1 + 𝑥2 = 2𝑥2

𝐿𝑎 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑒𝑠 ; 𝑥1 = 𝑥2

𝑥1 𝑥2 1
(𝑥 ) = (𝑥 ) = 𝑥2 ( )
2 2 1
2
𝐸𝜆1 = (3)
1

1
𝑋1 = 𝑒 2𝑡 ( )
1

Por otro lado:

 (A − λI)𝑣 = 0 → (1 −1) 𝑣 = 0
1 −1

1 −1 𝑥1 0
=( ) (𝑥 ) = ( )
1 −1 2 0

𝑥1 − 𝑥2 = 0
={ }
𝑥1 − 𝑥2 = 0

𝑥1 = 𝑥2

1
𝑋2 = 𝑒 2𝑡 ( )
0

𝐿𝐴 𝑆𝑂𝐿𝑈𝐶𝐼𝑂𝑁 𝐺𝐸𝑁𝐸𝑅𝐴𝐿 𝐸𝑆:

1 1 1
𝑋(𝑡) = 𝐶1 𝑒 2𝑡 ( ) + 𝐶2 [( ) 𝑡𝑒 2𝑡 + ( ) 𝑒 2𝑡 ]
1 1 0

𝑅𝐸𝑆𝑃𝑈𝐸𝑆𝑇𝐴: 𝐿𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑎)