Computer Science - Class XI

COMPUTER
SCIENCE
Class-XI

Shiksha Kendra, 2, Community Centre, Preet Vihar, Delhi-110 092 India

 Computer Science Class XI
Computer Science - Class XI

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 THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA
PREAMBLE
WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a 1[SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST
SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC] and to secure to all its citizens :
JUSTICE, social, economic and political;
LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship;
EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all
FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the2 [unity and integrity of the Nation];
IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT
AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.

1. Subs, by the Constitution (Forty-Second Amendment) Act. 1976, sec. 2, for "Sovereign Democratic Republic” (w.e.f.
3.1.1977)
2. Subs, by the Constitution (Forty-Second Amendment) Act. 1976, sec. 2, for "unity of the Nation” (w.e.f. 3.1.1977)

THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA

Chapter IV A
FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES
ARTICLE 51A
Fundamental Duties - It shall be the duty of every citizen of India-
(a) to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the
National Anthem;
(b) to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom;
(c) to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India;
(d) to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so;
(e) to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India
transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices
derogatory to the dignity of women;
(f) to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture;
(g) to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, wild life and to
have compassion for living creatures;
(h) to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform;
(i) to safeguard public property and to abjure violence;
(j) to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation
constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement;
1
(k) who is a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his/her child or, as the case
may be, ward between age of six and forteen years.
1. Ins. by the constitution (Eighty - Sixth Amendment) Act, 2002 S.4 (w.e.f. 12.12.2002)
 Foreword

Computer Science - Class XI

This century is characterized with the emergence of knowledge based society wherein ICT
plays a pivotal role. In its vision, the National Policy on ICT in School Education by
MHRD, Govt. of India, states "The ICT Policy in School Education aims at preparing youth
to participate creatively in the establishment, sustenance and growth of a knowledge
society leading to all round socio economic development of the nation and global
competitiveness". The policy envisages three stages of ICT implementations at school
level - ICT literacy and Competency Enhancement, IT enabled teaching-learning, and
introduction of ICT related elective subjects at Senior Secondary level.
With this backdrop a major paradigm shift is imperative in imparting ICT- enabled
instructions, collaborative learning, multidisciplinary problem-solving and promoting
critical thinking skills as envisaged in the National curriculum framework 2005.
Foundation of these skills is laid at school level.
Ever since the invention of Charles Babbage's difference engine in 1822, computers have
required a means of instructing them to perform a specific task. This is known as a
programming language. Programs in computer programming language prepare people to
write and design computer software. Computer languages were first composed of a series
of steps to wire a particular program; these morphed into a series of steps keyed into the
computer and then executed; later these languages acquired advanced features such as
logical branching and object orientation.
Syllabus of Computer Sciences has been revisited accordingly with a focus on generic
concepts with domain specific practical experiments and projects to ensure conceptual
knowledge with practical skills. Learning to write programs stretches your mind, and
helps you think better, creates a way of thinking about things that is helpful in all domains.
Since Computers have permeated in every walk of life such as launching satellites, e-
traiding, e-business and also enabling social networking it is imperative to study
programming languages.
I am happy to release Part-1 of Computer Science Book for Class - XI. I would like to
express my deep appreciation to the text book development team for their contribution.
Appreciation is also due to Dr. Sadhana Parashar, Director (Academics, Research,
Training and Innovation) and Kshipra Verma, Education Officer, CBSE in bringing out
this publication.
It is hoped that all students and teachers will benefit by making best use of this publication.
Their feedback will be highly appreciated for further improvement.
Vineet Joshi
Chairman, CBSE
 Acknowledgements
Computer Science - Class XI

CBSE ADVISORS

v
Shri Vineet Joshi, Chairman, CBSE

v
Prof. & Dr. Sadhana Parashar, Director
(Academics, Research, Training & Innovation)

DEVELOPMENT TEAM

v
Ms. Anju Gupta, Rukmini Devi Public School, Pitam Pura, New Delhi.

v
Ms. Mohini Arora, Air Force Golden Jubilee Institute, Subroto Park, New Delhi.

v
Ms. S. Meena, Sachdeva Public School, Pitam Pura, New Delhi.

v
Ms. Shally Arora, Delhi Public School, Gurgaon.

v
Ms. Kshipra Verma, Education Officer, CBSE, New Delhi.

MEMBER COORDINATOR

v
Ms. Kshipra Verma, Education Officer, CBSE, New Delhi.
 Content

Computer Science - Class XI

Foreword

Acknowledgement

UNIT - 1 : COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS

Chapter 1: Computer Fundamentals 2

Chapter 2: Software Concepts 20

Chapter 3: Data Representation in Computers 37

Chapter 4: Microprocessors and Memory Concepts 54

UNIT - 2 : PROGRAMMING METHODOLOGY

Chapter 1: Algorithms and Flowcharts 71

Chapter 2: Programming Methodology 82

UNIT - 3: INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON

Chapter 1: Getting Started 97

Chapter 2: Functions 127

Chapter 3: Conditional and Looping Construct 153

UNIT - 4: PROGRAMMING WITH PYTHON

Chapter 1: Strings 168

Chapter 2: Lists 193

Chapter 3: Dictionaries 227

Chapter 4: Tuples 244

Computer Science - Class XI