Apparatus:

Console unit, microwave source, attenuator, movable diode detector, and load (short circuit).

Configuration:

Console unit

I/p o/p

Microwave Short circuit

Attenuator Slotted waveguide
source load

Explanation and working:

The console unit’s scale shows milliamps which means it is showing us current on scale. But
actually, it is the power of the microwave moving in the waveguide. If I is the current and E is
the electric field of microwave then according to diode detector law I α E2 (current is directly
proportional to the power of signal). The diode detector law gives relationship between input
and output of diode and is valid for low power microwave source. A lossless transmission line
is represented in fig# 1 and its behavior is shown in fig# 2. For
V(z) = 2 V0+ Sinβz
lossless transmission line,
and

I α En I = K En implies I = K (2E0+ Sinβ l) n I = B (Sinβ l )n

We are interested only in slope so n = log (I) / log (Sinβ l)

First of all, we set diode detector at null position on the load side. This position would be our
reference point and we will calculate position of diode detector relative to this null position.
We note some readings by moving diode detector towards source until the next null position.
These readings are given in the table below and are show on the graph paper attached.

Tx-line

l Fig# 1

E or V

z =0
Distance Null point
Fig# 2

Observations and Calculations:

 S/N L0 (mm) l (mm) βl Sin β l I (mA) log Sin β l Log I

mm
1 27 0 0 0 0 _ _

2 27.5 .5 0.089 1.5 .1 -2.8 -1

3 28 1 0.179 3.13 .2 -2.5 -0.69

4 28.5 1.5 .269 4.69 .4 -2.3 -0.37

5 29 2 .359 6.26 .6 -2.20 -0.22

6 29.5 2.5 .448 7.83 .8 -2.10 -0.096

7 30 3 .538 9.39 1 -2.02 0

8 30.5 3.5 .628 0.0109 1.1 -1.959 0.04

9 31 4 .718 0.0125 1.4 -1.901 0.146

Graph: