UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE INGENIERIA

FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA AMBIENTAL

PRÁCTICA DE MECÁNICA DE FLUIDOS II

Alumno: Carlos Gerardo Rodríguez Tuesta

Profesor: Alfredo Acruta Sánchez

Enunciado: Un canal trapezoidal con b= 6 m, z= 2:1, s0=0.0016; 𝜼 =0.016, Q=11.32

m3/s. Calcular el perfil de flujo creado por una presa que levanta el tirante de agua
de 1.50 m inmediatamente después de la presa, el extremo superior del perfil es
asumido con un tirante igual a 8% más grande que el tirante normal.

Solución:

a) Determinando el tirante normal:

Y
1
2

6m
 𝐴(𝑦) = (6 + 2𝑦)𝑦
 𝑃(𝑦) = 6 + 2√5𝑦
(6+2𝑌)𝑦
 𝑅(𝑦) =
6+2√5𝑦

De acuerdo a la expresión:

2
𝑄𝜂
= 𝐴𝑅 3
√𝑠0

Reemplazando tenemos:

5
(11.32)(0.016) ((6 + 2𝑦)𝑦)3
= 2
√0.0016 (6 + 2√5𝑦)3

𝑦 = 0.792 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑠

b) Tirante Crítico (YC)

𝑄 2 𝐴3
=
𝑦𝑐 𝑇

Sustituyendo: 𝑦𝑐 = 0.660 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑠 (𝑃𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑎𝑣𝑒)

c) Fórmulas Aplicadas
 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE INGENIERIA
FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA AMBIENTAL

dx/dy

(dx/dy)1
(dx/dy)2

y
y1 y2

𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
( ) +( )
𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑𝑦 1
Δ𝑥 = . (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )
2
3
𝐴2 𝑄
 Factor de la sección: 𝑍 = 1 ; 𝑍𝑐 =
𝑇2 √𝑔
2
𝐴𝑅3 𝑄
 Factor de Transporte: 𝐾 = 𝜂
; 𝐾𝜂 =
√𝑠0

 Aclaración:

𝑍𝐶 2
𝑑𝑥 1 1−(𝑍)
= .
𝑑𝑦 𝑠0 𝐾𝜂
1 − ( 𝐾 )2

d) Para determinar el perfil de flujo se procederá con el método de integración

gráfica, de acuerdo a las ecuaciones que se ubican en el inciso c. Por ello se
debe suponer varios valores de 𝑦 para calcular los valores correspondientes de
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
. Luego se determinan los Δ𝑥 para seguidamente hallar los valores

acumulados de x (distancia acumulada). Todo este proceso será calculado con

una hoja de cálculo que se muestra líneas abajo. Finalmente se ploteará la curva
(tirante vs distancia acumulada) en AutoCAD, ambos archivos se adjuntan en el
presente archivo. Además, un prototipo del perfil de flujo no tan exacto se
presenta en la última hoja.
 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE INGENIERIA
FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA AMBIENTAL

Tirante(m) Ancho superficial(T)m A(m2) Perimetro(m) Radio Hidraulico(m) K Z dx/dy dx Distancia acumulada
1.5 12 13.5 12.70820393 1.062305899 878.4429 14.31891 652.949692 0 0
1.49 11.96 13.3802 12.66348257 1.056597182 867.5255 14.15234 653.815372 6.53382532 6.533825324
1.48 11.92 13.2608 12.61876121 1.0508797 856.6796 13.98674 654.715558 6.54265465 13.07647998
1.47 11.88 13.1418 12.57403985 1.04515336 845.9049 13.8221 655.652001 6.5518378 19.62831777
1.46 11.84 13.0232 12.52931849 1.039418066 835.2014 13.65843 656.626567 6.56139284 26.18971062
1.45 11.8 12.905 12.48459713 1.033673723 824.569 13.49572 657.641241 6.57133904 32.76104966
1.44 11.76 12.7872 12.43987578 1.027920233 814.0075 13.33397 658.698138 6.5816969 39.34274655
1.43 11.72 12.6698 12.39515442 1.022157496 803.5169 13.17319 659.799514 6.59248826 45.93523481
1.42 11.68 12.5528 12.35043306 1.016385413 793.0969 13.01336 660.947777 6.60373645 52.53897127
1.41 11.64 12.4362 12.3057117 1.010603881 782.7475 12.8545 662.145501 6.61546639 59.15443766
1.4 11.6 12.32 12.26099034 1.004812797 772.4686 12.69659 663.395439 6.6277047 65.78214236
1.39 11.56 12.2042 12.21626898 0.999012057 762.26 12.53964 664.700536 6.64047988 72.42262224
1.38 11.52 12.0888 12.17154762 0.993201553 752.1217 12.38365 666.063953 6.65382245 79.07644468
1.37 11.48 11.9738 12.12682626 0.987381178 742.0535 12.22861 667.489076 6.66776515 85.74420983
1.36 11.44 11.8592 12.0821049 0.981550822 732.0554 12.07453 668.979547 6.68234312 92.42655295
1.35 11.4 11.745 12.03738354 0.975710374 722.1271 11.9214 670.539281 6.69759414 99.12414709
1.34 11.36 11.6312 11.99266218 0.969859721 712.2686 11.76922 672.172491 6.71355886 105.8377059
1.33 11.32 11.5178 11.94794082 0.963998749 702.4798 11.61799 673.883722 6.73028107 112.567987
1.32 11.28 11.4048 11.90321946 0.95812734 692.7606 11.46772 675.67788 6.74780801 119.315795
1.31 11.24 11.2922 11.8584981 0.952245377 683.1108 11.31839 677.560266 6.76619073 126.0819857
1.3 11.2 11.18 11.81377674 0.946352741 673.5304 11.17001 679.53662 6.78548443 132.8674702
1.29 11.16 11.0682 11.76905538 0.940449309 664.0192 11.02258 681.613164 6.80574892 139.6732191
1.28 11.12 10.9568 11.72433402 0.934534958 654.5771 10.8761 683.796654 6.82704909 146.5002682
 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE INGENIERIA
FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA AMBIENTAL

Tirante(m) Ancho superficial(T)m A(m2) Perimetro(m) Radio Hidraulico(m) K Z dx/dy dx Distancia acumulada
1.27 11.08 10.8458 11.6796127 0.92860956 645.203988 10.730563 686.094438 6.84945546 153.3497236
1.26 11.04 10.7352 11.6348913 0.92267299 635.899813 10.5859703 688.514517 6.87304477 160.2227684
1.25 11 10.625 11.5901699 0.91672513 626.664432 10.4423216 691.065625 6.89790071 167.1206691
1.24 10.96 10.5152 11.5454486 0.91076582 617.497739 10.2996159 693.75731 6.92411467 174.0447838
1.23 10.92 10.4058 11.5007272 0.90479496 608.399628 10.1578523 696.600027 6.95178668 180.9965705
1.22 10.88 10.2968 11.4560059 0.89881239 599.36999 10.0170299 699.605254 6.9810264 187.9775969
1.21 10.84 10.1882 11.4112845 0.89281798 590.408722 9.87714778 702.785612 7.01195433 194.9895512
1.2 10.8 10.08 11.3665631 0.8868116 581.515718 9.73820517 706.155013 7.04470312 202.0342543
1.19 10.76 9.9722 11.3218418 0.88079309 572.690874 9.60020119 709.728827 7.0794192 209.1136735
1.18 10.72 9.8648 11.2771204 0.87476232 563.934087 9.46313497 713.524077 7.11626452 216.2299381
1.17 10.68 9.7578 11.2323991 0.86871913 555.245254 9.3270057 717.559662 7.15541869 223.3853567
1.16 10.64 9.6512 11.1876777 0.86266339 546.624272 9.19181255 721.856623 7.19708143 230.5824382
1.15 10.6 9.545 11.1429563 0.85659494 538.071041 9.05755472 726.438456 7.2414754 237.8239136
1.14 10.56 9.4392 11.098235 0.85051362 529.585461 8.92423141 731.331471 7.28884964 245.1127632
1.13 10.52 9.3338 11.0535136 0.84441928 521.167431 8.79184183 736.565229 7.3394835 252.4522467
1.12 10.48 9.2288 11.0087923 0.83831176 512.816854 8.66038522 742.173054 7.39369141 259.8459381
1.11 10.44 9.1242 10.9640709 0.8321909 504.533631 8.52986082 748.192648 7.45182851 267.2977666
1.1 10.4 9.02 10.9193496 0.82605653 496.317666 8.4002679 754.666834 7.51429741 274.812064
1.09 10.36 8.9162 10.8746282 0.81990849 488.168863 8.27160572 761.644446 7.5815564 282.3936204
1.08 10.32 8.8128 10.8299068 0.81374661 480.087127 8.14387357 769.181423 7.65412935 290.0477498
1.07 10.28 8.7098 10.7851855 0.80757072 472.072363 8.01707076 777.34214 7.73261782 297.7803676
1.06 10.24 8.6072 10.7404641 0.80138064 464.12448 7.8911966 786.201054 7.81771597 305.5980836
1.05 10.2 8.505 10.6957428 0.79517619 456.243386 7.76625044 795.844759 7.91022907 313.5083126
 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE INGENIERIA
FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA AMBIENTAL

Ancho Radio
2
Tirante(m) superficial(T)m A(m ) Perimetro(m) Hidraulico(m) K Z dx/dy dx Distancia acumulada
1.04 10.16 8.4032 10.6510214 0.7889572 448.428988 7.64223162 806.374546 8.01109652 321.5194092
1.03 10.12 8.3018 10.6063 0.78272347 440.681199 7.51913952 817.909659 8.12142102 329.6408302
1.02 10.08 8.2008 10.5615787 0.77647483 432.99993 7.39697353 830.591444 8.24250551 337.8833357
1.01 10.04 8.1002 10.5168573 0.77021108 425.385093 7.27573306 844.588708 8.37590076 346.2592365
1 10 8 10.472136 0.76393202 417.836602 7.15541753 860.104716 8.52346712 354.7827036
0.99 9.96 7.9002 10.4274146 0.75763747 410.354373 7.03602639 877.386442 8.68745579 363.4701594
0.98 9.92 7.8008 10.3826932 0.75132722 402.938323 6.91755911 896.736971 8.87061706 372.3407764
0.97 9.88 7.7018 10.3379719 0.74500106 395.588369 6.80001519 918.53237 9.0763467 381.4171231
0.96 9.84 7.6032 10.2932505 0.73865879 388.304431 6.68339413 943.245047 9.30888709 390.7260102
0.95 9.8 7.505 10.2485292 0.7323002 381.08643 6.56769547 971.476682 9.57360865 400.2996189
0.94 9.76 7.4072 10.2038078 0.72592508 373.934288 6.45291876 1004.00566 9.87741172 410.1770306
0.93 9.72 7.3098 10.1590864 0.7195332 366.847929 6.33906361 1041.85706 10.2293136 420.4063442
0.92 9.68 7.2128 10.1143651 0.71312435 359.827278 6.2261296 1086.40871 10.6413288 431.047673
0.91 9.64 7.1162 10.0696437 0.70669829 352.872263 6.11411638 1139.55722 11.1298296 442.1775027
0.9 9.6 7.02 10.0249224 0.7002548 345.982813 6.00302361 1203.98736 11.7177229 453.8952256
0.89 9.56 6.9242 9.980201 0.69379364 339.158858 5.89285099 1283.62895 12.4380816 466.3333071
0.88 9.52 6.8288 9.93547964 0.68731458 332.400331 5.78359823 1384.473 13.3405098 479.6738169
0.87 9.48 6.7338 9.89075828 0.68081737 325.707166 5.67526508 1516.12701 14.5030001 494.176817
0.86 9.44 6.6392 9.84603692 0.67430176 319.0793 5.56785133 1695.02847 16.0557774 510.2325944
0.85 9.4 6.545 9.80131556 0.6677675 312.51667 5.46135679 1951.8258 18.2342713 528.4668657
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE INGENIERIA
FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA AMBIENTAL

PROTOTIPO DE PERFIL DE FLUJO

1.6
1.4
1.2
1
Tirante

0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Distincia Acumulada