Pakistan Navy Engineering College (NUST)

Experiment # 11

OBJECTIVE: TO ANALYZE MAGNETICALLY

COUPLED CIRCUITS

THEORY:
A transformer is an energy transfer device. It has an input side
(primary) and an output side (secondary). Electrical energy applied to
the primary is converted to a magnetic field which in turn, induces a
current in the secondary which carries energy to the load
connected to the secondary. The energy applied to the primary must be
in the form of a changing voltage which creates a constantly changing
current in the primary, since only a changing magnetic field will
produce a current in the secondary.

A transformer converts alternating current (AC) from one voltage to

another voltage. It has no moving parts and works on a magnetic
induction principle; it can be designed to "step-up" or "step-down"
voltage. So a step up transformer increases the voltage and a step
down transformer decreases the voltage.
A step-up transformer is one whose secondary voltage is greater
than its primary voltage. This kind of transformer "steps up" the
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voltage applied to it.

A step-down transformer is one whose primary voltage is greater
than its secondary voltage. This kind of transformer "steps down" the
voltage applied to it.
The transformer equation relates the number of turns of wire to the
difference in voltage between the primary and secondary coils.

Vp= Np
Vs Ns
Where,
Vp is the voltage in the primary coil.
Vs is the voltage in the secondary coil.

Np is the number of turns of wire on the primary coil.

Ns is the number of turns of wire on the secondary coil.

Build the given transformer circuit and perform the following tasks:

CIRCUIT NO 1(C1):
XMM1

U1

V1

120 Vrms 1
60 Hz
0°

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TASK 1:
For the given transformer circuit assign the values of primary turns
and secondary turns
when NP = NS and simply Vin =Vout.

TASK 2:
For the given transformer circuit assign the values of primary turns
and secondary turns
when NP= 100 and NS =400.

TASK 3:
For the given transformer circuit assign the values of primary turns
and secondary turns
when NP = 400 and NS =100.

TASK 4:
Tabulate the measured values.
OBSERVATION TABLE:
S.NO. TRANSFORMER PRIMARY SECONDARY PRIMARY OUTPUT
TYPE TURNS TURNS VOLTAGE VOLTAGE
(NP) (NS) (VP) (SECONDARY)
(VS)

Table 11.1

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CIRCUIT NO 2(C2):
Build the transformer circuit if a Load Resistor is connected.
U1

R2
120 Vrms
2 50Ω
V1 1000 Hz
0°

Figure 11.2
TASK 5:
For the given transformer circuit assign the values of primary turns and
secondary turns. Calculate the Load Current, Source Current and Load
Voltage.

TASK 6:
Take 3 different values of VSource and RL. Tabulate the measured values.
OBSERVATION TABLE:
S. VSource RL TRANSFORMER PRIMARY SECONDARY PRIMARY OUTPUT
N TYPE TURNS TURNS VOLTAGE VOLTAGE
O (NP) (NS) (VP) (SECONDARY)
(VS)

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Experiment # 12

OBJECTIVE: AC ANALYSIS OF THREE PHASE Y-Y

CONNECTION & THREE PHASE Y-DELTA
CONNECTION

THEORY:

Polyphase AC circuits:
In power circuits the size and cost of wiring necessary to deliver
Power from the AC source to the load is an important concern.

A Polyphase Power system uses multiple voltage sources at different

phase angles from each other. A Polyphase Power System can deliver
more power at less voltage with gaps conductors than single or split
phase systems.

Three phase sources have three terminals, called the line terminal, and
they may or may not have a fourth terminal, the neutral connection. A
three phase source which does have a neutral connection may be
represented by three ideal voltage sources connected in a Y, terminals a,
b, c and n. A balanced three phase sources, which may be defined as:
|Van|= |Vbn| = |Vcn|

and
Van +Vbn +Vcn =0

These three voltages, each existing between one line and the neutral
are called phase voltages. If we arbitrarily choose Van as the reference,

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or define
Van =Vp<00

Where Vp to represent the rms amplitude of any of the phase voltages,

then the definition of the three phase source indicated that either

Vbn =Vp<-1200 Vcn =Vp<-2400

or
Vbn =Vp<1200 Vcn =Vp<2400

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Build the following circuits and perform the following tasks respect
to each three phase connection:

V2
V1
200 Vrms
200 Vrms
1kHz
1kHz
120° R1 R2
0° 50Ω 50Ω
V3
L2
200 Vrms L1 13.78mH
1kHz 13.78mH
240°

R3
50Ω

L3
13.78mH

F
Figure 12.1 i
g
u
r
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1
3
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For three phase Y-Y connection:

TASK 1:
Prove that VL = √3 VP.

TASK2:
Find the phase voltages, line voltages and line currents and tabulate the
measured values.
OBSERVATION TABLE:
Three phase Y-Y connection:
Van Vbn Vcn Vab Vbc Vca Ia Ib Ic

Table 12.1

TASK 3:
Find the power dissipated by the each phase and total average power
drawn by three-phase load.

PAN PBN PCN PT

Table 12.2

For Three Phase Y-delta connection:

TASK 4:
Prove that IL= √3 IP.

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TASK5:
Find the load/phase currents, line currents and line voltages and
tabulate the measured values.

Three Phase Y-delta connection:

IAB IBC ICA IaA IbB IcC Vab Vbc Vca

Table 12.3

TASK 6:
Find the power dissipated by each phase and total power absorbed by the load.

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