Injector Drive Circuits (INJ) Page 1 of 2

Injector Drive Circuits (INJ)

DTC(s):

421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428

431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438
451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458

Figure(s) and Table(s):

V8 I6 V6

Function:

The IDM is used to control the injectors. The IDM receives CMPO and CKPO signals and fueling information via CAN2
data link from the ECM. The IDM calculates injection timing and injector actuation time based on the fuel quantity
requested for any engine operation condition.

INJ Circuit Operation:

When a coil needs to be engergized the IDM turns on both the high and low side drivers.

High Side Drive Output

The IDM regulates the current at an average of 20 A. The IDM turns off the high side driver when the current reaches 24
A. The IDM turns on the high side driver when the current drops to 16 A.

Low Side Drive Return

The injector solenoids are grounded through the low side return circuits. The IDM monitors tha low side return circuits. The
IDM monitors the low side return signal for diagnostic purposes and utlizes the fly-back current from the injector solenoids
to help charge the drive capacitors internal to the IDM.

Fault Detection / Management:

When the engine is running. The IDM can detect individual injector coil open and shorts to ground or battery. A KOEO
Injector Test allows the operator to enable all injector coils when the engine is off to verify circuit operation. When the IDM
detects a fault, DTCs are transmitted over the CAN2 data link to the ECM.

The IDM transmits a high and low side drive output to the injectors. The high side output supplies the injectors with a power
supply of 48 V DC at 20 A. The low side output supplies a return circuit to each injector coil.

The Injectors are under the valve cover(s). Each injector has a close and open coil. The IDM continuously monitors the
amount of time (rising time) taken by each coil to draw 20 A. The time is compared to calibrated values and the IDM
determines if a circuit or injector fault exists. Each injector has 6 failure modes and 3 DTCs. A failure can occur on the open
or close coil circuit.

When a short to ground condition is detected on an injector (low or high side), the IDM discontinues power to the shorted
injector, enables the amber ENGINE or WEL lamp, and operates the engine on the remaining cylinders.

Before doing injector diagnostic testing,

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Injector Drive Circuits (INJ) Page 2 of 2

1. Turn ignition key OFF

2. Disconnect IDM connectors (X1 and X2).

All tests are checked at harness end. Terminal numbers are marked on all connector mating ends. After checking resistance
through injector coils and checks to chassis ground, if harness tests are in spec, and DTC is active, replace the injector.
Only diagnose injectors with active DTCs.

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