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Management Systems 9
9.1 Integrated Management
of its purpose and mission. Except from the core business as-
9.1.1 What is, and What is Not, an IMS pects, many other aspects could be important for the company
A management system is the interconnection of components strategy e.g. quality, effects on external environment, health
to achieve a given objective more effectively in a company of employees, safety for employees and third parties, security,
or an organisation. These components include the organisa- equity, social responsibilities, gender etc.
tion, resources and processes. Therefore, people, equipment Actually anything, which has an effect on business results
and culture are part of the system as well as the documented must be part of the management system. Therefore, an IMS
policies and practices. should integrate all currently formalised systems focusing on
An integrated management system (IMS) is a management quality, health and safety, environment, personnel, finance, se-
system which integrates several or all components of a busi- curity etc. What this means is that all the processes and the
ness into one coherent system so as to enable the achievement documents that describe them would be integrated.
For something to be integrated it does not just sit next to
the other components – it has to be fixed to the others so as
Main Contents of this Chapter to make a whole. Therefore, putting the financial system, the
The whys and hows to integrate management systems quality system and the environmental and safety system into
in a company or an organisation are discussed and ex- one book of policies and procedures is not enough. It does
plained in this chapter. The components – most often not constitute an integrated management system. Creating one
quality, environment, and occupational health and national standard for management systems is not integration
safety – should have a common structure to be success-
either. Buying a software package which handles quality, safe-
fully integrated, although a standard for the integrated
system, the IMS, is lacking. ty and environmental documentation is not integration, nor is
Quality management according to the ISO 9000 merging disciplines such as putting the quality manager, safety
standard, with a focus on customers’ satisfaction, is manager and environmental manager in one department.
described as well as how to introduce and use quality Integrated management is a concept whereby functional
management in an organisation. The introduction and
management is dispersed throughout an organisation so that
use of an Occupational Health and Safety Management
Systems, OH&S focuses on hazard identification, risk as- managers manage a range of functions together. As an exam-
sessment and risk control. Corporate Social Responsibil- ple it may be a manufacturing manager who manage plan-
ity, CSR, is sometimes included. ning, manufacturing, safety, personnel, quality, environment,
In many instances, such as for small companies, the finance etc. as one package.
ISO standards for management do not fit and for them In this chapter we will focus on the integration of Quality,
simplified systems are used. Also very large organisa-
tions, such as cities, have their own simplified systems
Environment, and Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S),
for environmental audits, while environmental labels as those aspects are the most common to integrate. Health
function as standards for products and services. is dealing with health aspects for the employees including
all work-related activities during normal operation. Safety is
Objectives
Organisation and staff
- casting/distribution of responsibility
Environmental aspects - education requirements
Laws and other requirements - education plans
Comprehensive and detailed objectives Evaluation and reviews Risk identification
Management review Environmental management programes - program reviews Readiness
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Constant Constant
improvement improvement
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tro tro
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ple ple
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Figure 9.1 The PDCA cycle (Plan-Do-Check-Act) cycle, also called the Deming cycle, for continuous improvement (see also Figure 1.3).
Probability
1 time per
1-10 years
1 time per
10-100 years
1 time per
100-1,000 years
Property < 0.1 MSEK 0.1-1 MSEK 1-5 MSEK 5-20 MSEK > 20 MSEK
Figure 9.2 Matrix for risk assessment in preliminary hazard analysis (PHA) technique.