45 - 6575 - EE326 - 2015 - 1 - 1 - 1 - EE 326 - Lect - 01

Electric Engineering II “Dr.
Ahmed El-Shenawy”
Electric Engineering II
EE 326
Lecture 1
<Dr Ahmed El-Shenawy>

Electric Engineering II “Dr. Ahmed El-Shenawy”
Course Contents
DC machines ( Generator / motor)
Transformers
Induction motors
Synchronous machines ( generator / motor)
Special type motors
Introduction to Control Systems
Open loop and closed loop system characteristics
Control system components
Transient performance of control systems
Proportional integral and derivative control and tuning
Moving coil instruments, Moving iron instruments
Dynamometer type instruments
Wattmeters and methods of measuring power , power
factor
Introduction
Electric machines can be broadly classified into electrostatic machines

and electromagnetic machines. The electrostatic principles do not
yield practical machines for commercial electric power generation. The
present day machines are based on the electro-magnetic principles.
Though one sees a variety of electrical machines in the market, the
basic underlying principles of all these are the same. To understand,
design and use these machines the following laws must be studied.
1. Electric circuit laws - Kirchoff′s Laws

2. Magnetic circuit law - Ampere′s Law
3. Law of electromagnetic induction - Faraday′s Law
4. Law of electromagnetic interaction -BiotSavart′s Law
Review on electric circuits &

Magnetic circuits
Kirchhoff’s Current Law

at every instant of time the sum of the currents flowing into any
node of a circuit must equal the sum of the currents leaving the node,
Example 1.1 Using Kirchhoff’s Current Law. A node of a circuit is

shownwith current direction arrows chosen arbitrarily.
Having picked those directions, i1 = −5 A, i2 = 3 A, and i3 = −1 A. Write

an expression for Kirchhoff’s current law and solve for i4.
so that
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law
the sum of the voltages around any loop of a circuit at any instant is
zero.
Power
Time rate of expending or absorbing energy
Energy
is the total amount of work done, energy is just the integral of

power:
Series connection
R1
R3 R2 Req Req  R1  R2  R3    RN
i
Voltage division:
+ +
R1 v1
R1
v - v1  v
+ R1  R2
R2 v2 R2
v2  v
- - R1  R2
Parallel connection
R1R 2
R eq 
R1  R 2
i Current division:
+ i1 i2
R2
i1  i
v R1 R2 R1  R2
R1
i2  i
- R1  R2
Sinusoidal Steady State

Three-Phase Circuit
Three sinusoidal voltages form a set of balanced voltages when they have the same
amplitudes and frequency.
These voltages are shifted in phase by 120o with each other
The standard practice is to name those phases by a, b and c and use phase a as
reference.
These voltages represent phase a voltage, phase b voltage and phase voltage.
Three-Phase Circuit
Three-Phase Circuit
Phasor Representation of R,L and C Circuits

Resistance
Both the current and voltage vary sinusoidally, and are in

phase with each other.
The root-mean-
square
Phasor Representation of R,L and C Circuits
Inductive Reactance
Capacitive Reactance
Impedance: RLC Circuits

Magnetic circuits
A magnetic filed (represented by concentric magnetic flux line, as shown in

fig.) is present around every wire that carries an electric current. The
direction of magnetic flux line can be found simply by placing the thumb of
the right hand in the direction of the conventional current flow and noting the
direction of the fingers. (this method is commonly called the right-hand rule).
Magnetic circuits
There are many application of the electro magnetic effect such as generator,
transformer, Relay……..
Magnetic circuits
Magnetic flux Φ.
The flux density B

B
A
B=tesla (T)
Φ=webers(Wb)
A=square meters (m2)
The reluctance of a material to the The magnetomotive force mmf is

setting up of magnetic flux lines in proportional to the product of the number of
the material is determined by the turns around the core ( in which the flux is to
following equation. be established) and the current through the
turns of wire.
l
 (At/Wb) mmf  NI (ampere-turns, At)
A
Magnetic circuits
l lg
c  c g 
V Ac Ag
I
R1  R 2
mmf

 c  g
The B-H Relation

The final magnetic quantity that we need to introduce is the magnetic
field intensity, H.
the magnetic field intensity is defined as the magnetomotive force (mmf)

per unit of length around the magnetic loop. With N turns of wire carrying
current i, the mmf created in the circuit is Ni ampere-turns. With l
representing the mean path length for the magnetic flux, the magnetic
field intensity is therefore
the relationship between magnetic flux density B and magnetic field intensity H:
The B-H Relation

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Electric Engineering II “Dr.

<Dr Ahmed El-Shenawy>

Electric machines can be broadly classified into electrostatic machines

1. Electric circuit laws - Kirchoff′s Laws

Review on electric circuits &

Kirchhoff’s Current Law

Example 1.1 Using Kirchhoff’s Current Law. A node of a circuit is

Having picked those directions, i1 = −5 A, i2 = 3 A, and i3 = −1 A. Write

Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law

Time rate of expending or absorbing energy

is the total amount of work done, energy is just the integral of

Sinusoidal Steady State

These voltages are shifted in phase by 120o with each other

Phasor Representation of R,L and C Circuits

Both the current and voltage vary sinusoidally, and are in

Phasor Representation of R,L and C Circuits

Impedance: RLC Circuits

A magnetic filed (represented by concentric magnetic flux line, as shown in

The reluctance of a material to the The magnetomotive force mmf is

The B-H Relation

the magnetic field intensity is defined as the magnetomotive force (mmf)

The B-H Relation

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