Rainbow Workbook PDF

The Rainbow
Workbook
(Special English)
Class-IX
Madhya Pradesh Rajya Shiksha Kendra

Bhopal
Year 2012 Price Rs.

Publication Year 2008
Revised Edition 2009,2010, 2011, 2012
© Madhya Pradesh Rajya Shiksha Kendra
B-Wing, Arera Hills, Pustak Bhavan, Bhopal-462 011
◆ Direction : M. K. Singh, I.A.S.

Commissioner,
M. P. Rajya Shiksha Kendra, Bhopal
◆ Coordination : Shakuntala Shrivastava

Coordinator-Curriculum, Textbook and TLM
M. P. Rajya Shiksha Kendra, Bhopal
◆ Subject-Coordinators : Rajendra Kumar Pandey

ELTI, M. P. Rajya Shiksha Kendra, Bhopal
Amit Saxena
ELTI, M. P. Rajya Shiksha Kendra, Bhopal
◆ Writers : Dr. R. P. Saxena, Retd. Reader, NCERT

Anil Chaturvedi, Senior Lecturer, DIET Bijalpur, Indore
G. P. Sharma, Principal, Badi Hirapur, Jobat, Jhabua
R. S. Negi, Retd. Principal, Indore
◆ Moderators : N. P. Tiwari, Retd. Principal, Bhopal

Preeti Shrivastav, Govt. KRG College, Gwalior
Yogesh Dwivedi, BRCC, BAC, Datia
Y. K. Dubey, Principal, Shree Sanskar Academy, Agar (Malwa) M.P.
◆ Editors : Dr. R. P. Saxena, Retd. Reader, NCERT

Anil Chaturvedi, Senior Lecturer, DIET Bijalpur, Indore
Y. K. Dubey, Principal, Shree Sanskar Academy, Agar (Malwa) M.P.
◆ Cover Page Design : Vikas Malviya, M. P. Rajya Shiksha Kendra, Bhopal
◆ Typesetting : Sanket Graphics, M.P. Nagar, Bhopal
EE Workbook
Approved by
Madhya Pradesh Textbook Standing Committee
S.No. Name and Address Designation
01. Dr. Govind Sharma Chairman

Former Additional Director, Higher Education, Govt of M.P.
Gwalior
02. Dr. Umrao Singh Choudhary Member

Former Vice Chancellor, Devi Ahilya University, Indore
03. Prof. Udai Jain Member

Former Principal, Shri Vaishnav College, Indore
04. Dr. Subhash Gupta Member

Former Dean, Student Welfare, Devi Ahilya University, Indore
05. Dr. (Smt.) Binay Rajaram Member

Professor and Head of the Department-Hindi,
Shri Satya Sai Women's College, Bhopal
06. Prof. Sureshwar Sharma Member

Former Vice Chancellor,
Rani Durgawati Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur
07. Dr. Prakash Bartunia Member

Assistant General Manager, IDBI, Bhopal
08. Dr. Manmohan Upadhyaya Member

Educationist and Former Deputy Chairman,
M.P. Sanskrit Board, Bhopal
09. Shri Bhagirath Kumrawat Member

Educationist, Bhopal
10. Commissioner Member

Rajya Shiksha Kendra, Bhopal Secretary
11. Commissioner Member

Public Instruction, M.P., Bhopal
12. Secretary Member

Board of Secondary Education, M.P., Bhopal
13. Managing Director Member

M.P. Textbook Corporation, Bhopal
14. Representative - NCERT Member
15. Representative - Navodaya Vidyalaya Sangthan Member
16. Dr. Prem Bharati Guest

Educationist and Member, Member
State Level General Body and Working Committee,
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, Madhya Pradesh
Workbook EEE
Foreword
The Rainbow is an English elective course book intended for students of Class-IX of Madhya
Pradesh Secondary Board. Through this book we intend to give students exposure to English
literature. The book includes –
* Prose (essays and short stories)
* Poetry
* One act plays
We recognize that :
* English skills are necessary for students as they grow up and enter the job market or work
on their own.
* Students must be exposed to texts that they can understand and appreciate in terms of
content, including cultural content and meaning.
* Text-based vocabulary must be taught to students to enhance their linguistic competence.
* Grammatical items must be so chosen that they could be integrated with the lessons.
* The text should help in enhancing the thinking skills of students.
* The textbook should also equip students to reach out and read material that is relevant for
them but which could not be included here.
With these aims in view the material contained here has been chosen and graded according
to reader appeal. Our emphasis is on the ability of learners to learn the language through a
focus on meaning. If students are asked to spend most of their time in consulting a dictionary or
looking up for difficult words, they are not left with much time to learn the linguistic skills. The
choice of lessons-poems, essays, short stories and one act plays ensures exposure to classic
as well as to modern, living authors, British and American as well as Indian. Moreover, most of
the extracts given here are from representative and well-known authors and poets, though care
has been taken not to include material that is oft repeated. The wide variety of selection - from
Shakespeare to Ruskin Bond would, it is hoped, certainly appeal to our learners. An attempt has
been made to acquaint learners with the changing moods and styles in literature.
The activities and exercises in each lesson will help in developing reading comprehension,
vocabulary, grammar and other language skills. The exercise given after each lesson would
provide sufficient practice to learners.
Vocabulary exercises are set to develop related skills like spelling, formation of words,
understanding of synonyms and antonyms and the like. Activities for speaking and writing have
also been provided for the overall enhancement of the vocabulary of learners.
EL Workbook
Abstract explanations have been kept to the minimum. Where the lesson demands literary
features of that work have been explained and exercies have also been given to ensure the
understanding of the literary feature.
As we are living in the age of globalization, we need citizens who can use English in different
ways in varied situations, so the learners are required to be equipped with essential language
skills and to have confidence to use it in daily life. With this shift of emphasis from learning for
learning sake to learning for using the language we have developed the following materials :
i. A main course book
ii. A workbook-containing listening, speaking, reading, writing and grammar activities for more
practice
Charateristic features of the workbook -
* It provides enough material for practising all the four skills.
* Since exercises for listening and speaking have been given with the text, their technical
aspects like English sounds and stress are being provided in the workbook to help both
learners as well as teachers.
* There is a careful balance between structure (the way language is organised) and function
(the way language is used).
* Possible Grammatical explanations have been provided.
* Unseen passages and poems for comprehension have also been given.
* Writing has been given due importance by providing exercises for writing reports, description,
paragraph, letter, essay etc.
We hope that the learner friendly material provided here would enable the teachers also to
develop the needed skills in the learners. Teachers with ingenuity and imagination would be able
to interest learners in the task of making learning fun.
Commissioner
Rajya Shiksha Kendra
Bhopal
Workbook L
CONTENTS
S. No. Lesson Page No.
1. Bharat our Land 1
2 The Victory 7
3. Little girls wiser than men 18
4. Past and Present 30
5. Dead Man's Riddle 36
6. Arise, Awake! 46
7. The World is too much with us 54
8. The Goal not Scored 59
9. The Mission-Agni 67
10. Polonious Advice 76
11. Grandpa fights an Ostrich 80
12. The Poet and the Pauper 88
13. Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening 97
14. Old Blockhead repairs his House 103
15. How it all began 110
16. Where the Mind is without Fear 118
17. On Saying Please 123
18. The Never-Never Nest 137
● Pronunciation 144
LE Workbook

Bharat our Land
Vocabulary and Pronunciation

A. New words are formed by joining two words. They are called compound
words.
Examples : policeman, washerman
Now, write some compound words beginning with ‘any-’
Example : anywhere
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
B. The poet has used words like ‘Himvant’ and ‘Ganga’, make a list of
other words which are not English words in the poem.
...................... ...................... ...................... ......................
...................... ...................... ...................... ......................
C. Notice the difference in the pronunciation of these two words- ‘cease’

and ‘sees.’
Now, pronounce the following words -
place - plays
loose - lose
niece - knees
price - prize
ass - as
hiss - his
Workbook
D. It is not desirable to confuse /s/ and /5/ because many words are kept
separate only by this difference. You must take special care with these
phonemes (sounds). The replacement of /s/ by /5/ gives a bad effect to
one’s speech.
Now, listen, repeat and then write the following words in your notebook.
so - show ass - ash
sock - shock mess - mesh
sort - short sigh - shy
see - she same - shame
Listening Skill
A. *Listen to the poem ‘Sun’ by the same poet Subramaniya Bharati.
SUN
I
What gives light? What is eternally young?
Who is he that heats? Whose the happiness?
Who gives the rains? Whose the eye?
Who gives life?
Who gives fame? Whose right is fame?
How will knowledge’ flame?
Which is the temple of the God of Knowledge?
The Sun.
That is good.
II
You are light, you are flame, you are explication,
you are the scene.
Lightning, ruby, glowing fire, kindled flame -
these are your offshoots.
* The teacher will read aloud the poem.
Workbook
The eyes your house,
Fame, courage - these are your play.
Knowledge is your sign. You are the sign of knowledge.
You burn! You exhibit! All good to you.
You bestow life, you are giver of body.
You foster, you kill.
You give water, you blow the wind; all good to you.
B. After listening to the poem recollect and answer the following questions
(keep your book closed).
- What’s the poem about?
...............................................................................................................
- What are the last two lines of the poem?
...............................................................................................................
If you find any difficulty in answering the above questions, read the poem
again.
C. *Listen to the lines of the poem ‘Bharat our Land’ and pay attention to
the rhythm :
The mighty Himavant is ours
The generous Ganga is ours
The sacred Upanishads are ours
The sunny golden land is ours.
Now say :
- What are the major objects highlighted in the lines?
...............................................................................................................
- Make a list of some words you recall from the poem.
...............................................................................................................
* The teacher will read aloud the poem.
Workbook !
Speaking Skill
A. In the poem ‘Bharat our Land’ the poet praises our country. Getting
inspiration from the same, let’s praise the following :
• ‘Madhya Pradesh - our state’
• ‘My sweet home’
You may use the following words/phrases : big/ small, beautiful, unique,
specialities, memories, other things about it.
B. Life is like a journey. We meet many people in our life. They leave
different impressions on us. Speak a few sentences :
• about a close friend
• about someone whom you met only once
Reading Skill
Read the poem carefully and answer the questions given below it.
This, this is the land that saw
father and mother live and thrive.
This is the land where countless ancestors
lived their hoary lives and died.
Thoughts a thousand grew
and flourished in this land.
In remembrance of it all
may I not praise my land?
Let me sing time and again
Mother, I bow to you.
This, this is the land that gave us
birth and suck and the light of knowledge.
" Workbook
This is the land where our mothers
lisped their first words and grew in wisdom.
Here in their pure virgin girlhood
they danced and sang in abandon.
Here too in river or tank
they cooled their lustrous bodies.
In their memory I sing:
- Subramania Bharati
Questions :
1. What has our motherland given us?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
2. Fill in the blanks using the words from the poem.
The poem is about our________.
Which saw father and mother________and_________.
A large number of ___________lived their ________lives and________.
Our mothers ___________ their words and ______________________.
3. Find out words from the poem which mean the following.
(i) grey or white with age/ very old ________________
(ii) absorb ________________
(iii) speech defect ________________
(iv) bright/ shining ________________
Workbook #
Writing Skill
A. Write a short composition, using the adjectives you have learned in the
poem praising your city or place.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
B. Write the poem you have read in the text in prose form.
Begin like this : (150 words)
The Himalayas are our mountains. There is no equal of it on the earth.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
R
$ Workbook
The Victory

A. All the following sentences have one incorrect spelling. Encircle the
incorrect one, write the correct spellings and rewrite the sentences.
(i) He ordered his brave journals.
____________________________________________________
(ii) Alexander was very happi.
____________________________________________________
(iii) He quitely slipped from the scene.
____________________________________________________
(iv) The women were welling.
____________________________________________________
(v) How can a rober be a conqueror and a giver?
____________________________________________________
B. Why are the words in bold type more suitable in the context than those
in brackets?
Alexander the great (renowned, talented, big) had won many battles
(encounters, fights, quarrels). His desire (wish, fancy, urge) was to conquer
(defeat, overpower, capture) the world.
C. Compare the meaning of the words :
riding writhing
breeding breathing
loading loathing
ladder lather
Workbook %
D. 1. Some of the most common English words which contain sound /θ θ/
are three, thin, thank, thick, thing, thirsty, both, cloth etc. Write
some more English words which contain /θ θ / sound.
............... ............... ............... ...............
............... ............... ............... ...............
............... ............... ............... ...............
............... ............... ............... ...............
2. Some of the most common English words which contain sound /ð/
are the, this, that, these, those, though, smooth, with etc. Write
some more English words which contain |ð| sound.
............... ............... ............... ...............
............... ............... ............... ...............
............... ............... ............... ...............
............... ............... ............... ...............
3. Say these words and notice the difference in their pronunciation.

day - they breed - breathe
den - then load - loathe
die - thy side - scythe
Now, find some similar examples and write them in the given space.
............... ............... ............... ...............
............... ............... ............... ...............
............... ............... ............... ...............
............... ............... ............... ...............
& Workbook
Listening Skill
*Listen to the Iranian short story which tells about the Nature's
justification with each and everything.
A peasant driving a donkey reached a melon farm. Tired and thirsty, he sat
down and rested under the shade of a nearby walnut tree. Enjoying the view of the
spreading vines of big watermelons, he looked up and noticed a few walnuts dangling
among the very high branches of a monstrously high tree. Bewildered by the work
of God, he wondered why small walnuts grew on such an enormous tree, while the
big watermelons hung from a flat and flimsy vine. The puzzled peasant was lost in
his thought when a falling walnut hit his head. He stretched his hands high up
towards the sky and said thankfully, “O Almighty God, it was clever of you not to
let melons grow on big trees, for I would have been dead by now.”
On the basis of the text you have listened to, complete the following :
1. When the peasant reached the melon farm he was_________.
2. The farmer rested under the _________.
3. He enjoyed the __________.
4. The trees of walnuts were ______.
Now, discuss with your friends :
1. In the beginning of the story the peasant was not happy with the act of the
God because ______________________________________________
________________________________________________________
2. What would have happened if a melon had fallen upon the head of the peasant
instead of the walnut?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
3. In the end of the story the peasant was thankful to God because....
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
* The teacher will read it aloud.
Workbook '
Speaking Skill
Conversation is an important medium to know each other’s views. People sit
and talk among themselves for a long time. During this activity they talk on a variety
of subjects. Conversation should be always natural so that participants can feel
free to put forth their views. People involve themselves in natural conversation
while travelling, at a dinner, at tea time, during morning walk etc.
Suppose, you are at a marriage party with your friends. Imagine what you all
will talk among yourselves about :
• the bride and bridegroom
• the decoration of the venue
• the food items
• the guest and the hosts
• the weather
You can use the words like : grand party, excellent arrangements, dignitaries,
pleasant weather, wonderful decoration, spacious place, delicious food items .... .
Reading Skill
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given
below it.
Who is truly a great man? He does not have to be famous. He does not have
to leave his name in history books. In my judgement he is, as it were, the sort of
person who would warmly welcome some unhappy old woman in order to end her
afflictions and set her free from her problems.
It makes no difference how far an advanced civilization may be or how many

physical conveniences it provides. No amount of material possessions can soften
the sort of anguish one feels as a human being. I might even go so far as to say that
the more advanced and developed a civilization is, the more unhappy its people
are. One viewpoint is that the superficial prosperity of our age only increases the
fundamental afflictions which we experience as human beings. In such an age;
therefore, the noblest sort of human being is the one who is willing to embrace the
Workbook
sorrows of his neighbour and thereby acts in order to create a truly peaceful and
happy society.
I would like you and all other young people like you, who will be the next
generation of leaders, to become just such noble human beings. To accomplish
that end, I think you’ll have to begin right now to discipline yourselves, to absorb
knowledge and furnish yourselves with the skills you will need for that day.
Whether studying or participating in student organizations and extra curricular

activities, or solving problems that arise with your friends, you have endless
occasions to improve yourself. I sincerely trust that you will positively search out
opportunities for improvement to face challenges in life squarely so that you might
mature into an outstanding individual.
Questions :
1. Choose the correct answer.
(i) Who is truly a great man?

a. a person whose name figures in history
b. a person who would warmly welcome some unhappy old woman
to put an end to her troubles
c. a person who has won battles
(ii) The passage is intended for :

a. the psychologists.
b. the parents of school going children.
c. the young people.
(iii) The purpose of the passage is :

a. to communicate the importance of material possession to the readers.
b. to instill in the hearts of the young people, a strong desire to become
truly noble human beings.
c. to highlight the advantages of advanced civilization.
Workbook
2. Go through the passage again and answer the questions briefly :
(i) Give one reason for the unhappiness of human beings.
(ii) Mention the qualities of noble human beings.
(iii) The author tells the people that they have endless occasions to improve
themselves. What are they?
3. Write 2 - 3 sentences on each of the following subtitles :
(i) A truly great man does not have to be famous.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
(ii) A truly noble being embraces the sorrows of others most willingly.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
(iii) Various school activities provide opportunities for self improvement.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
4. Mention the suggestions given by the author to next generation to become

noble human beings.
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Workbook
5. Mention the suggestions given to improve oneself.
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
6. What is the result of the superficial prosperity of our age?

_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Language Practice (Grammar)

Simple Past
A. Study these sentences.
1. I played football yesterday.
2. Sonu left for Russia on 10th March.
3. It rained all day yesterday.
4. We arranged a tea party last week.
The above sentences are in simple past. Simple past tense is used to refer a
definite time in past.
Now, talk to your friends and frame five sentences on what they did yesterday/
last week.
1. _______________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________
4. _______________________________________________
5. _______________________________________________
Workbook !
B. Now, study these sentences.
1. He worked in that bank for four years. (but he does not work there now)
2. She lived in Mumbai for a long time. (but she is not living there now)
3. He played for that club for six years. (but he is not playing for that club
now)
4. She studied in the Govt. college for three years. (but she is not studying in
that college now.)
Now, talk to your parents or grandparents, and frame five sentences. Where
they lived/studied_____(place) for _____(time period).
Example : My grandmother lived in Varanasi for a long time.
1. ____________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________
4. ____________________________________________________
5. ____________________________________________________
Simple Past and Past Continuous

C. Study these sentences.
1. When Neha came to my house yesterday I was playing.
2. When I visited Shyam’s house last week he was reading a book.
3. Ashok painted this picture when he was studying in the college.
4. It was raining when I got up.
Past continuous and past simple together can be used to say that
something happened in the middle of something else.
" Workbook
Now, frame five sentences of this pattern.
1. _______________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________
4. _______________________________________________
5. _______________________________________________
Simple Past and Past Perfect

D. Study these sentences.
1. I had already reached home before it began to rain.
2. Yash bought a new exercise book, because he had filled his old one.
3. Arun was not at home when I arrived. He had just gone out.
4. I wasn’t hungry. I had just had lunch.
The Past Perfect Tense is used to show that one action that was
completed before another action in the past. The action completed
before another will take past perfect ( ....... + had + v3 + ...... ) and
the later action will take simple past.
• I had already reached home before it began to rain.
• Yash brought a new exercise book because he had filled his old one.
The past perfect tense is used to show that one action was completed before
another action in the past.
Workbook #
Now, put the verbs in brackets into the correct simple past or past
perfect tense.
1. They ....................just (come) from office when they ............. (meet).
2. She ..................... hardly (say) this, when Malasha ........... (plump) down
her foot.
3. When they ................... (go) out to play, their mothers ..............(dress)

them both in new frocks.
4. When he (reach) the railway station the train ................. already (leave).
Writing Skill
A. You are the editor of your school magazine. Write a notice inviting the names
of those who would like to give articles, stories, cartoons etc. for the school
magazine. (50 words)
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
$ Workbook
B. Narrate the popular encounter of Alexander with the Indian King Puru.
(150 words)
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
R
Workbook %
!
Little girls wiser than men

A. Choose the appropriate alternatives to complete the sentences given
below.
1. A_________is a means of transport which slides over the snow on wooden

or metal runners.
(a) wagon (b) cart (c) sledge (d) carriage
2. Please take ______ your shoes.
(a) off (b) out (c) over (d) up
3. The men came _______ and a crowd collected in the street.
(a) off (b) in (c) out (d) on
4. The men _______at the little girls, and were ashamed, and laughing at
themselves, went back each to his own home.
(a) looked (b) saw (c) watched (d) observed
B. Write different meanings of the word ‘colour’ and use them in sentences of
your own.
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
& Workbook
C. Write meanings of the following compound words :
homespun _____________ homemade _____________
homesick _____________ homeward _____________
homegrown _____________ homecoming _____________
homestead _____________ hometown _____________
D. A limited number of words change their stress pattern according to

their grammatical function.
Example : ‘object (noun) ob’ject (verb)
Select five such words and pronounce them.
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
Listening Skill
A. *Listen to the conversation on telephone between Mr Raman and Monu.
Mr. Raman comes from some other city and wants to talk to his friend.
Raman - Hello, is it 94259 08020?
Monu - Yes, it is.
Raman - May I speak to Dr. Sharma?
Monu - Sorry, I’m his son, Monu. Father has left his cell phone at home.
He has gone for a morning walk and may come back within ten
minutes.
Raman - Dear Monu, I’m Raman, your father’s friend, from Tarantaran.
Monu - OK, I’ll let him know. Sorry, I have forgotten your name.
Raman - I’m Raman from Tarantaran.
* The teacher will ask two students to read the talk aloud.
Workbook '
Monu - Thank you, uncle.
Raman - I’ll call after twenty minutes.
Monu - Oh, please.
Raman - Good bye, Monu.
Monu - Good bye, uncle.
Now, complete the following sentences on the basis of the above talk.
i. Raman talked to __________.
ii. Monu’s father’s name was ___________.
iii. He had gone on a ________.
iv. He was going to return within _________.
iv. Mr. Sharma’s friend was from _________.
v. If we don’t understand something, what should we say to the speaker so

that he may repeat his words _________ .
B. *Listen to the expressions given on the flags. Pay attention to the tone
and stress.
You’re welcome, sir.
Hello! Sorry. It’s all right. O.K.
Parden me. Thank you. Excuse me!
Workbook
Speaking Skill
A. There are some situations where we need to react immediately. Quick
responses help us a lot; match the questions and the responses. Divide
the class into two groups. Group ‘A’ will ask questions and group ‘B’
will respond:
A B
● How many shirts do you have? ● Yes, I do.
● Who’s your best friend? ● No, I’m an Indian.
● Do you like oranges? ● No, thank you.
● Why are you going to market? ● Yes of course, what

can I do for you?
● Whose book is this? ● Vinod.
● Would you like anything else? ● I have three.
● How much did your shirt cost? ● To buy some fruits.
● Are you a French? ● It’s mine.
● Where are you going on Sunday? ● One hundred rupees.
● Could you help me, please? ● To Khandwa.
Reading Skill
Read the given passage and answer the questions given below it.
Jamaica is a West Indian Island. The local people were replaced by the slave-
labourers from Africa. The problem of racial discrimination had been continuing.
The writer went to tram-car-lines every morning from his home and returned in the
evening.
One morning, when he was going to the tram-car-lines, he saw two little boys
playing together. One of them was a white boy and the other one was a brown. He
found the white boy commanding the brown boy who was obeying him. The writer
was very sad to notice the incident as he thought that those little boys were also
taken up with the thought of racial discrimination.
Workbook
He thought that the brown boy might be a servant in the family of the white
boy. But soon he discarded the idea as both the boys were wearing same kind of
clothes. Then he thought that the brown boy might be the white boy’s neighbour.
Anyway the incident hurt the feelings of the writer. Next day, he saw the boys
playing. He was amazed to watch that this time the dark boy was commanding the
white boy who was obeying him. It was more surprising when he saw a white man
standing at the gate and watching the boys. The writer realized that it was a game in
which each one of them became boss and the other one became a slave on alternate
days. He was very much relaxed and comforted. He decided to relieve himself
from such ideas. He went to the man and began explaining what he had thought.
The white man then smiled and said that the two boys were brothers and they were
his sons. He pointed to a brown lady who was standing in a veranda calling the
children. She was his wife. The writer was very happy to have such kind of
experience.
Questions :
1. On the basis of your reading of the above passage, complete the following
statements.
i. The local people were replaced by ____________.
ii. The major problem of Jamaica was that of____________.
iii. The writer became very sad to notice that____________.
iv. The white man then smiled and said____________.
2. Answer the following questions briefly.
i. What amazed the author when he saw the little boys playing?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
ii. The author thought that the brown boy was a servant in the family of the
white boy, why did he discard the idea later?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
Workbook
3. Pick out words from the passage which have the following meanings:
i. people of different races being treated less fairly than others
ii. put aside / we didn’t want or need
iii. anything that happens or any unpleasant happening
iv. calm and not anxious or worried

A. Study the following sentences.
i. He has been in the police department for two years.
(He is still in police department.)
ii. I have always written with my left hand. (I still write with my left hand.)
iii. They have waited all day.
(They are still waiting.)
iv. He has always worked for us.
(He still works for us.)
The sentences written above are in present perfect tense. In this tense the
action usually begins in the past and continues by the time of speaking in the
present.
The present perfect used with ‘for’ and ‘since’

(a) for is used with a period of time : for seven days, for a long time
(b) since is used with a point of time and means ‘from that point to the
time of speaking’
Now, write questions with how long.

Example : Lata is learning Sanskrit? How long has she been learning Sanskrit?
i. It is raining. _____________________________
ii. Ravi plays cricket. _____________________________
iii. I live in Indore. _____________________________
iv. He studies maths. _____________________________
Workbook !
Complete the sentences using since or for .
i. I have known Rakesh _________five years.
ii. He had decided to study physics______ his childhood.
iii. They have been waiting for us ____half an hour.
iv. Sohan has been working in Mumbai ______February.
B. Study these sentences.
1. I have just seen John.
2. She has finished her work. (so now she is free)
3. John will have finished his studies by next June.
4. In two years time (i.e. two years from now) I shall have taken my degree.
5. I shall have finished this work before you go away.
● The present perfect expresses the completion or ‘perfection’ of an

action by now.
● The future perfect expresses an action that we think of as being

completed at or before some time in future.
● The present perfect can be used with adverbs of present time. In

fact, the present perfect is often found with just, already, never,
ever or recently.
Rephrase the following sentences, using the present perfect tense.
Example :
● I last, read a newspaper in June 2006.
I haven’t read a newspaper since then.
● It is two years since I saw Pankaj.
I haven’t seen Pankaj for the last two years.
1. It is two months since he earned any money.
____________________________________________________
" Workbook
2. I saw Yash last on his wedding day.
____________________________________________________
3. He last paid his taxes in the year 2000.
____________________________________________________
4. I last went on a tour five years ago.
____________________________________________________
5. She last watched TV on New year’s day.
____________________________________________________
Put the verbs in brackets into the future perfect tense and rewrite the
sentences.
1. I hope they (repair) this road by the time we come back next summer.
____________________________________________________
2. By the end of any tour I (give) exactly the same lecture 10 times.
____________________________________________________
3. When he reaches Ujjain he (walk) 5 kilometres.
____________________________________________________
4. By the end of the week two hundred students (admit) in school.
____________________________________________________
5. By the end of next week my brother (complete) his exercise.
____________________________________________________
C. Study these pairs of sentences.

i. The players of our team are working hard.
They can win the match.
Workbook #
ii. Vinod is the most intelligent boy of the class.
He always stands first in the class.
iii. Kashmir is a very beautiful place.

It is called the heaven on the earth.
In the above sentences The players, Vinod and Kashmir have been replaced
by They, He and It respectively. These words are pronouns.
A pronoun is a word used instead of a noun or noun equivalent.
Types of Pronouns
1. Personal Pronoun
The personal pronoun forms can be conveniently set out in a table along with
their possessive adjective forms :
Person Subject Object Possessive Possessive

adjective pronoun
First person
Singular I me my mine
Plural we us our ours
Second person you you your yours

Singular/plural
Third person he him his his

Singular she her her hers
it it its
Plural they them their theirs
$ Workbook
2. Reflexive and Emphatic Pronouns
Pronouns which end in self or selves (plural) are reflexive pronouns. They
show that the doer is the sufferer of his/her own action. (She hurt herself.), or
they emphasize (add force to) the pronoun, (I myself saw him take the book.)
The reflexive / emphatic pronouns are : myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves,
himself, herself, itself, themselves.
3. Demonstrative pronouns
Examples of these are - this, that, these, those.
Example : This is an interesting book.
These pronouns also have their adjective forms.
Example : We have read this book.
4. Indefinite pronouns
These are someone, everyone, no one.
Example : One should do one’s best.
5. Distributive pronouns
These are each, every, either, neither
Example : Each of the boys gave a rupee to the magician.
6. Interrogative pronouns
These are used for asking questions. They are who, whom, whose, which and
what. ‘Who’ is used for persons and ‘which’ for persons and things.
Example : Who gave you this book?
Which of the boys know how to swim?
What are those birds?
7. Relative pronouns
These are the words : who, whom, whose, which, that and when. They
introduce descriptive (i.e., adjective) clauses.
1. This is the boy who saved the child.
2. He has a dog that is very fierce.
Workbook %
A. Fill in the blanks with suitable pronouns.
1. The teacher has sent the book for you and _____________. (personal
pronoun)
2. It was _____who took away the books. (personal pronoun)
3. Please mark the mistakes and I will correct ____________.
(demonstrative pronoun)
4. That is the man ______________ shop was inaugrated last week.
(relative pronoun)
5. My car is an Austin____is a Ford. (relative pronoun)
6. ______is he? He is a teacher. (interrogative pronoun)
7. ______is she? Mrs. Brown. (interrogative pronoun)
Join the following sentences with suitable relative pronouns.
(who, which, that )
1. My sister has come to India. She lives in London.

____________________________________________________
2. These are the fruits. My brother bought them.
____________________________________________________
3. Here is the box. I keep my money in it.
____________________________________________________
4. He told us a story. It was very interesting.
____________________________________________________
5. I listened to a drama. It was broadcast last night.
____________________________________________________
6. The gate broke in the night. Its hinges were weak.
____________________________________________________
& Workbook
Writing Skill
Complete the flow chart narrating the sequence of incidents from ‘Little
girls wiser than men.’
Malasha and Akoulya meet in a lane.
The men start shouting and the affair comes to blows.
R
Workbook '
"
Past and Present

A. Write antonyms :
never - ________________
day - ________________
heavy - ________________
close - ________________
joy - ________________
near - ________________
B. Learn with the help of a dictionary the different meanings of the

following words and use them in your sentences.
hardly - _________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
hard - _________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
light - _________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
swing - _________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
air - _________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
! Workbook
C. When should you use ‘further’ and when is it better to say ‘farther’?
Frame sentences using them.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
D. Pronounce the following words carefully :

for, flower, floor, flour, four,
fir, fire, fresh, flew, farther
Listening Skill
A. *Listen to the poem and enjoy its rhyme, rhythm and intonation. In the
poem ‘The Light of other Day’ the poet Thomas Moore recalls the
memories of his previous days :
Oft in the stilly night
Ere slumber’s chain has bound me
Fond Memory brings the light
Of other days around me
The smiles, the tears
Of boyhood’s years,
The words of love then spoken
The eyes that shone,
Now dimm’d and gone
The cheerful hearts now broken!
Thus in the stilly night
Ere slumber’s chain has bound me,
Sad Memory brings the light
Of other days around me.
Workbook !
Very often the poet recalls the smiles, the tears, words of love, the eyes,
the cheerful hearts etc.
What has happened to the following things now, say orally.
- to the words of love
- to the eyes
- to the cheerful hearts
- to the memories of boyhood
- Whenever the poet is sad, he gets happiness through his past memories. Do
you have such memories which you want to share in the class, take only two
to three minutes.
- The lines of the poem ‘the stilly night’ and ‘ere slumbers chain has bound
me’ are repeated, say why?
- Can you recall some lines of the poem?
Speaking Skill
Look at the following picture and describe it orally.
Use the following words :

pyramids, Egypt, Egyptian, civilization, wonders of the world, ancient,
mummies, glorious past, technology to preserve the dead bodies etc.
Begin your description like this : These are pyramids.
! Workbook
Reading Skill :
Read the following poem carefully and answer the questions given below it.
There is a house now far away where once
I received love... that woman died,
The house withdrew into silence, snakes moved
Among books I was then too young.
To read and my blood turned cold like the moon.
How often I think of going
There to peer through blind eyes of windows or
Just listen to the frozen air,
Or in wild despair, pick an armful of
Darkness to bring it here to lie
Behind my bedroom door like a brooding
Dog.... ...you cannot believe, darling,
Can you, that I lived in such a house and
Was proud, and loved.... ...I who have lost
My way and beg now at strangers’ doors to
Receive love, at least in small change.
Questions :
1. What does the poetess express after the death of her grandmother? Write any
two expressions from the poem.
Workbook !!
2. Read the poem again and complete the following statements with suitable
words.
(a) The eyes of the windows are described as blind because_____.
(b) The air in grandmother’s house is described as frozen because_____.
3. The poetess likes to go back to the grandmother’s house. Why?
4. Which words/ phrases give you the idea that the poetess wants to be loved?
5. Find words in the poem which mean the same as the words/ phrases given
below:
(a) retracted / move back from place or situation/ pulled out.
(b) look closely or carefully at especially when you cannot see it clearly.
(c) without any hope or confidence.
d) thinking sadly/ worrying about some thing.
Writing Skill
A. Discuss with your elders and write about the pleasures they experienced
when they were young.
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
!" Workbook
B. Choose any five of the following time expressions to write some
interesting event.
until now for many years
so far over last few years
lately in the past few months
recently since
in recent years
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
R
Workbook !#
#
Dead Man’s Riddle

A. The adverb ‘often’ means ‘many times’ and ‘in many cases’ also. Now
use the word ‘often’ in different sentences.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
B. Use these words in your sentences.

rarely, hardly, ever, seldom, occasionally, sometimes, often, frequently, usually,
nearly, always, never
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
!$ Workbook
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
C. The word ‘oft’ means ‘often’. List some more words of this type. Example
‘lo’ means ‘look’.
_____________________ _____________________
_____________________ _____________________
_____________________ _____________________
_____________________ _____________________
D. Often there are many silent letters in the spellings of English words.
Here are some such words. Practise saying them.
debt, hard, walk, autumn, bomb, curd
Now, write some more words like these and pronounce them.
________________ ________________ ________________
________________ ________________ ________________
E. Cross the silent letters in the following words.
psalm, night, writer, short, listen
Listening Skill
*Listen to the passage which inform the ways of invitations. How do
Canadians and Americans invite their friends for a cup of coffee or dinner?
In Canada and United States, people enjoy entertaining at home. They often
invite friends over for a meal, a party or just for coffee and conversation. Here are
Workbook !%
the kinds of things people say when they invite someone to their home :
“Would you like to come over for dinner, Saturday night?”
“Hey, we’re having a party on Friday, can you come?”
To reply to an invitation, either say thank you and accept or say you’re sorry
and give an excuse :
“Thanks, I’d love to. What time would you like me to come? or “Oh, sorry,
I have tickets for a movie.”
Sometimes, however, people use expressions that sound like invitations but
which are not real invitations. For example :
“Please come over for a cup of tea sometime.”
“Let’s get together for lunch soon.”
“Why don’t you come over and see us sometime soon?”
To reply to invitations like these, people just say, “Sure, that would be great!”
or “O.K., yes, thanks.”
When we meet some friend or relative on the way, we greet him generally, by
saying - ‘Hello’, ‘Namaskar’, ‘Hi’ etc.
Divide the class into two groups. Ask each group alternatively.
What do we say:
when we depart
when somebody invites us for a dinner at his home
when you refuse an invitation, politely
when you request your friends to join your birthday party at your residence
when you make apologies for some slips
When you greet your acquaintance on the occasion of new year
!& Workbook
Speaking Skill
You have heard that, in olden days, people used to settle their disputes
in Panchayats. Just talk, how did they do it.
Discuss with your friends about the life of people some hundred years
ago, on the basis of following questions :
• How big were the families?
• What kind of houses did people live in?
• What kind of clothes did people wear?
• What kind of machines did people use?
• How did they travel?
• How did they send messages?
• How has life been changed now?
Reading Skill
Read the passage carefully and answer the questions given below it.
Mullah Do Piyaza, famous for his wit, had a quarrelsome neighbour who had
a nasty dog that enjoyed howling without any reason. It particularly loved to break
into fits of barking after midnight. Mullah hated it, for he loved to sleep peacefully
after a hard day’s work.
Once he returned home late at night. He was so tired that he went to sleep
immediately. After midnight he was suddenly awakened by the loud barking of the
neighbour’s dog. For some time he tried to control his temper. But when he couldn’t
stand the loud barking any longer, he got up in a rage. He picked up his walking
stick and, going straight to the dog, began beating him severely.
At the first blow, the dog let out a very loud howl and started jumping and
barking at the top of its voice, trying to save itself from Mullah’s blows.
This noisy game brought the master of the dog out of his house. Very annoyed
at what he saw, he shouted angrily.
“Stop it, Mullah! How dare you beat my dog? If you do it again, by God,
Workbook !'
I won’t spare you.”
“What would you do?” Mullah retorted.
If you hit it on its back, I will break your back. And if you touch its legs,
by God, I will break yours! Is that clear?” He glared fiercely at Mullah.
Mullah Do Piyaza thought for a moment, and then replied innocently.
“Yes. It is clear. In that case, in future I will hit only its tail!”
Questions :
1. Why did Mullah hate his neighbour’s dog? Give two reasons.
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
2. Why did Mullah wake up after midnight? Mention the reason.
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
3. Mullah got up in rage. How did he treat the dog?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
4. What happened after the first blow to the dog?
_________________________________________________________
5. How did the master of the dog react?
_________________________________________________________
6. How did the master of the dog intend take his revenge?
_________________________________________________________
7. How did Mullah reply innocently?

_________________________________________________________
" Workbook
8. Pick out the words / phrases from the passage which mean
the same :
(a) very bad or unpleasant _________________
(b) a sudden attack of an illness/ a short period of very strong feeling
_____________________
(c) a feeling of violent anger that is difficult to control ___________
(d) made somebody slightly angry ______________________
(e) replied quickly to a comment; in an angry, offended or
humorous way _________________

Comparisons
i. No other mountain range is as high as the Himalayas.
ii. The Himalayas are higher than any other mountain range.
iii. The Himalayas are the highest mountain ranges in the world.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
The degree of comparison in sentence one is positive in second
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
comparative and in third superlative.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
Without altering the sense, we can often change one degree of comparison
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
into another. Adjectives give more information about a noun.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
Degrees of some adjectives and adverbs are changed by adding - er and
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
- est to the positive degree.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
Others use more and most before the positive degree.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
Formation of comparative and superlative degrees.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
The word ‘than’ must be preceded by a comparative degree of adjective
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
or adverb, since ‘than’ implies that two things are being compared, or that
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
one is being compared with all the others of a certain type or group.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
If we compare one thing with all others of its kind that we know or have
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
experienced, we are comparing amongst many things (i.e. more than two),
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
and so we need a superlative degree.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
Workbook "
Positive degree Comparative degree Superlative degree
short long longer (the) longest

adjectives
{ sweet
far
sweeter
farther
(the) sweetest
(the ) farthest
irregular little less (the) least

adjectives
{ much (many)
good
bad
more
better
worse
(the) most
(the) best
(the) worst
long careful more careful (the) most careful

adjectives { beautiful more beautiful the most beautiful
Rewrite the following sentences changing the degrees of comparison

as indicated :
1. Forgiveness is the noblest form of revenge. (positive)
_________________________________________________________
2. Quinine is best of all medicines of Malaria. (comparative)
_________________________________________________________
3. A wise enemy is better than a foolish friend. (positive)
_________________________________________________________
4. A bird can’t fly so fast as an aeroplane. (comparative)
_________________________________________________________
5. Nitin is taller than Pankaj. (positive)
_________________________________________________________
6. Gold is one of the heaviest of metals. (positive)
_________________________________________________________
7. Very few countries are as hot as India. (comparative)
_________________________________________________________
" Workbook
Verbs, Verb Patterns and Modals
• If he passes the examination he shall have a new bicycle. (promise)
• Yash was told that if he behaved badly he should go to bed without any
supper. (threat)
• I won’t do it. (refusal)
• May you have a long and happy life! (wish)
• Soldiers must obey orders without question. (obligation)
Verbs are either non-finites or finites. The non-finites are the infinitives, present
and perfect, the participles, and the gerund.
The term auxiliary verb is applied to those verbs that are used in the
formation of the tenses. The term defective verb is used for those verbs of
which some parts are lacking. Thus ‘must’ has neither infinitive nor participle
: ‘will’, ‘shall’, ‘can’, ‘may’ and ‘ought’ are defective verbs.
The term anomalous finite is used for the 24 finites set out in the table below
at the right hand side.
Non finite forms finite forms
Infinitive Present Past Present Past
participle participle tense Tense
be being been am, is, are was, were

have having had have, has had
do doing done do, does did
shall should
will would
can could
may might
must
ought
need
dare
used
Workbook "!
These twenty four finites are different from all other finites because
they have special functions. The most obvious difference is that they
can be used with or joined to the contracted form of not. e.g. isn’t,
wasn’t, haven’t, don’t, didn’t, shouldn’t, couldn’t, oughtn’t.
These 24 finites have many functions. These can be divided into

two main classes.
First they are important as structural words. They are needed in

the formation of negatives and interrogatives.
Secondly, they are used to form certain moods for which English
has no inflected verb forms. When used in this way they may be termed
modal verbs or modal auxiliaries. These 24 finites express such concepts
as ability (e.g. with can, could), possibility (e.g. with may, might),
permission (e.g. with may, might, can, could and obligation (e.g. with
must, ought to, have to)
Fill in the blanks with appropriate modal verbs.
1. You _______have the money next week. (promise)
2. I _____ punish you if you don’t behave yourself. (threat)
3. You_____do as you are told. (obligation)
4. I told him that he ___to do it, so he did it. (duty)
5. ______ I borrow your pen? (permission)
6. Your father _________ be nearly eighty now. (likelihood)
7. It __________ rain tomorrow. (possibility)
"" Workbook
Writing Skill
A. You are the Sarpanch of a village. Prepare a notice for the villagers to attend
the meeting of the panchayat regarding the dispute on a property. Give time
and date for the assembly. (50 words)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
B. Write a dramatic presentation of the story told by the Sarpanch Som Gowda.
(150 words)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
R
Workbook "#
$
Arise; Awake!
Vocabulary and pronunciation

A. The word ‘let’ is used for different purposes like request, offering help,
making suggestions, wishing etc. Keeping in view the purpose, use it in
sentences.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
B. The word ‘misery’ has different synonyms. Use different synonyms in

sentences of your own.
Example : She was in great distress after the attack.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
C. Mark if these words are stressed on the first or second syllables then
listen, check and practise them.
arise, every, enough, forward, fearless,
hundred, about, repay, sister, hopeless
"$ Workbook
Listening Skill
A. Being a citizen we think of our country very often.
What are your dreams about your motherland?
Request your teacher to explain to you the following points :
my motherland
cultural and traditional elements
moral values
Indian spiritualism
geographical features
A nation devoted for peace and prosperity in the world.
Speaking Skill
A. Work in pairs. Student ‘A’ will ask a question and student ‘B’ will respond
to it choosing the correct one from the alternatives given.
A : What was the name of Swami Vivekanand in his childhood?

B : Mahendra / Narendra/ Surendra
A: Who was his spiritual teacher?

B : Swami Ramkrishna Paramhansa /Swami Dayanand /Swami Ramtirtha
A : Do you think that Swami Vivekanand went to many a saint before

becoming the disciple of his Guru?
B : No, I don’t/ I’m doubtful/ Yes, I do.
A : It is said that when Swami Vivekanand first met his Guru he asked him
a strange question. What was it?
B : Do you know me?/ Have you ever seen God?/ Have you learnt to
meditate?
A: What’s that place where Swami Vivekanand delivered his famous and
historic speech?
B: Chicago/ Washington/ Tokyo
Workbook "%
B. After completing the above exercise say a few sentences about Swami
Vivekanand.
Reading Skill
below it.
Mankind has been struggling for peace since time immemorial. We are aware
that we can thrive only when there is peace all around. Our culture and our civilization
can grow and develop in a peaceful environment. If we want to think of material
and spiritual progress we need to propagate peace.
Now that we seem to have a war virtually on our doorstep, we need to
understand that every action has an equal and opposite reaction. If through centuries
of war, the human civilization has not achieved eternal peace, one more show of
strength might not provide the answer to the world’s woes.
Those who declare war in the name of religion or a cause or simply to wreak
revenge should understand that it will only lead to more hatred and more wars. No
religion advocates war, all religions advocate peace. Very often, human suffering is
caused by just a handful of people because of their brutal interpretation of religion.
This is done by a few in the name of the majority who are peace loving people who
go about their lives without harming a single soul. Yet, in their name armies are
raised, armaments are sold, war cries sounded and people killed en masse.
Buddha has said, “Many are those who are not aware that one day we all must
die. And those who are aware of it appease their quarrels”. We should, therefore,
remember that quarrels or wars do not get over in a day and seldom are they won.
The scale of suffering that ordinary people are subjected to in their wake is
unimaginable. However, we never seem to learn. We have made this world into a
theatre of war rather than a theatre of peace. How many more widows and orphans
do we need to prove the futility of war?
Questions :
1. On the basis of your reading of the above passage, complete the following
statements. Write your answers in the given blank space.
a) Mankind has strived for peace because_________________________.
b) War in the name of religion can only lead to ____________________.
"& Workbook
c) Human suffering is often caused by ____________________________.
d) Man has turned the world into ________________________________.
2. Answer the following questions briefly. Write your answers in the space
given.
a) Why do we need peace?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
b) Peace loving people don’t believe in harming anyone. Yet, what is done
in their name.
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
3. Find words in the passage which mean the same as the words / phrases
given below. Write your answer in the given blank space.
a) that has existed for longer than people can remember ___________
b) to spread an idea / a belief or a piece of information among many
people __________
c) altogether / usually in large numbers___________
d) to become and continue to be successful/ strong/healthy _________

Future time reference
• I intend calling to see you when I next come to Bhopal.
Workbook "'
• We go away for our holidays as soon as the children finish school.
• I am going to buy a new car when the price comes down.
• Do not come to work tomorrow if you are not feeling well.
• Give me a ring if you are expecting visitors.
All the above clauses given in bold refer to future time.
There is no obvious future tense in English corresponding to the

time/ tense relation for present and past. Instead there are several
possibilities for denoting future time.
Now, construct sentences denoting future time using the following :

can, may, going to + infinitive, if, should, am, is, are
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Will/ Shall
1. When we are simply giving information about the future, or talking
about possible future events which are not already decided or obviously
on the way, we usually use will (or I/ we shall) + infinitive.
1. I shall probably be home late tonight.
2. I’ll call you tonight.
# Workbook
2. Present continuous form
When we talk about future reality already planned or decided.
I’m leaving tomorrow.
I am going to leave.
What are you doing this evening?
Preeti is going to have another gift.
3. Simple Present -
It can also be used to talk about the future.
The train leaves at half past six tomorrow morning.
4. Future Perfect
We can use the future perfect to say that something will be completed/ achieved
by a certain time.
By next Christmas we’ll have been here for eight years.
5. Be about+ infinitive suggests that a future event is very close.
The plane is about to take off.
6. Future in the past

To say that something was still in the future at a certain past time, we can use
a past form of one of the future structure.
Something was going to happen that was to change the world.
7. Subordinate clauses
In many subordinate clauses we refer to the future with present tense.
Call me when you have time.
8. Commands and refusals

The present progressive can be used to insist that people do things or do not
do things.
(a) She is taking that medicine whether she likes it or not.
(b) You are not wearing that skirt to school.
Workbook #
The present progressive is common in emphatic refusals.
I am not washing your socks - forget it.
Now, rewrite the sentences using ‘going to’.
1. The educational institutes of Madhya Pradesh open in July.
_________________________________________________________
2. Neha spends her next summer holidays in Ujjain.
_________________________________________________________
3. You were meeting him the next day.
_________________________________________________________
4. The meeting was to be held the following week.
_________________________________________________________
5. He is certain to address the meeting.
_________________________________________________________
6. They are to be married soon.
_________________________________________________________
7. I was meeting him in Mumbai the next day.
_________________________________________________________
Writing Skill
A. In the light of this lesson prepare a patriotic speech to be delivered by
you. (50 words)
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
# Workbook
B. Write a composition on ‘Service to Humanity is the worship of God’.
(150 words)
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
R
Workbook #!
%
The world is too much with us

A Quote a few lines from a poem where the poet expresses serious thought
in simple, delightful and direct words.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
B. What do you mean by ‘octave’?
octave ______________________________________________________
C. Match column ‘A’ with column ‘B’

‘A’ ‘B’
sordid everything that exists in the world
howling an open piece of grassy land
nature noise made by a strong mind
lea poor
Listening Skill
*Listen to the lines of the following poems.
Dear water clear water, playful in all your streams,
As you dash or loiter through lift who does not love
#" Workbook
To sit beside you, to hear you and see you,
Pure being, perfect in music and movement?
Air is boastful at times, earth slovenly, fire rude,
But you in your bearing are always immaculate
The most well-spoken of all the older
Servants in the household of Mrs. Nature.
After listening to the poem recollect the poem and answer the following
questions.
- What is the first line of the poem?
___________________________________________________________
- What qualifying words have been used for water?
___________________________________________________________
- ‘The most well-spoken’, the words have been used for ...
___________________________________________________________
- Who is one of the older servants of Mrs. Nature?
___________________________________________________________
Speaking Skill
Wordsworth, in his poem ‘The world is too much with us’ says that one
should not merely think of earning and spending. What else one should and shouldn’t
think?
Begin to say like this :
We shouldn’t think alone of accumulating wealth.
We should think of helping people.
Clue words :
winning, destroying, extending, saving,
writing, creating, discovering, exploring
hurting, demanding, lending, borrowing,
eating, cooking, offering, possessing etc.
Workbook ##
Reading Skill
Read the given stranzas carefully and answer the questions given below it.
What is this life if full of care

We have no time to stand and stare.
No time to stand beneath the boughs,
And stare as long as sheep or cows.
No time to see when woods we pass,
Where squirrels hid their nuts in grass
No time to turn at Beauty’s glance
And watch her feet, how they can dance.
No time to wait till her mouth can
Enrich that smile her eyes began,
A poor life this if, full of care,
No, time to see in broad day light,
Streams full of stars, Like skies at night.
1. Complete the following statements :
(a) By the word ‘care’ in line one, the poet means
_________________________________________________________
(b) When the poet says, “No time to stand and stare”, he wants to convey
that __________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
(c) In stanza one ‘we’ refers to
_________________________________________________________
(d) The sheep and cows being free from _____________________ have
the time to _________________
#$ Workbook
2. Which words have been repeated several times? Why?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
3. The poet has used capital letter ‘B’ to talk about “Beauty” in the line “No time
to turn at Beauty’s glance”. Why?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
4. Pick out the words from the poem which have the following meanings.
(a) a feeling of worry or anxiety or tension_________________________
(b) wait and watch __________________________________________
(c) an area of trees or small forests_______________________________
(d) casting of momentary looks_________________________________
Writing Skill
A. Find any advertisement from the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare,
Delhi.
Write a letter to your uncle, in the light of that advertisement, suggesting him
to follow the precautions (50 words).
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Workbook #%
B. Is money everything in life? Write your views. (150 words)
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
R
#& Workbook
&
The Goal not Scored

A. What are the different meanings of the word ‘points’ in the following
sentences :
1. We won the rugby match by 12 points to 3.
2. There were two or three points in your speech.
3. The bus stops at four or five points along this road.
4. I can’t see any weak points in your plan.
5. The dollar has fallen a few points on the money markets today.
6. What are the points to look for when you are buying a new computer?
7. If the engine isn’t working properly the points may need cleaning.
B. Find out the words, phrases or lines that express the ideas given below:
1. skilful performer : _________________________________
2. extremely important : _________________________________
3. to forward : _________________________________
4. clever plans : _________________________________
5. a judge in hockey : _________________________________
6. a judge in cricket : _________________________________
7. risk : _________________________________
C. Differentiate by using the following in sentences of your own :

recreation, games, sports, match, hobby
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Workbook #'
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Listening Skill
*Listen to this sentence from the lesson :
A. Arif’s action seemed to have touched a chord with the Reds, who were
known to be the most aggressive of the lot.
‘touched a chord’ is an idiom which means ‘feel sympathy’ Idioms may be
defined as peculiar expressions in a language.
Now listen to some more idioms and find out their meanings :
Idioms Meanings
give and take - _________________________
give or take - _________________________
do or die - _________________________
tit for tat - _________________________
seeing is believing - _________________________
kick the bucket - _________________________
kick the habit - _________________________
B. Listen to a running commentory of a match and say about the following :
- beginning of the match
- running commentary
- results / conclusion
$ Workbook
Speaking Skill
The Reds (members of the team of the Red House) were very aggressive.
Arif’s sportsman spirit changed their attitude.
Have your ever had any attitudinal problems with people who work at different
places like hospitals, banks, bus or railway stations, schools or colleges, gas agency
or at some government or private office. Tell your friends the problem and your
behaviour to tackle it.
You can begin like this:
1. Once I went to a cloth shop. I bought two pieces of shirts. He assured me

of the quality, but _________________________________________
____________________________________________________
2. Once I wanted to buy two tickets to Bhopal. There was a long queue at the
booking window but the booking clerk_________________________________
3. It was evening and peak hours of the traffic on the road. As I happened to
pass through a square, I found that there was a traffic jam. The policeman on duty
was_____________________________________________________________
Read the passage carefully and answer the questions given below it.
Rock climbing is a fascinating adventure sport today and gained popularity in

UK, Europe and later in India. Rock and mountains always pose a challenge to the
human sense of adventure and rock climbing is mastering the techniques of climbing
on exposed rocks of any height and gradient. It is an independent mountain sport
activity as well as important part of mountaineering. In mountaineering history, the
first record of climbing says Antoine de Ville led a team of climbers to Mt. Aiguille
(6,228 ft. ) in the Alps in 1492. Thereafter, a few more climbing records are found
between the 16th and 18th centuries in the Alps and then spread to other European
countries and was later started in India by the Britishers.
One can gain confidence, personal satisfaction, and immense pleasure and
develop tremendous physical and mental stamina, endurance and will power through
Workbook $
this sport. There is no age bar or special qualification for rock climbing but it
requires basic physical fitness, knowledge of techniques or guidance of trained
experienced climber instructor and good equipment for safety.
Today, advanced climbing techniques and better climbing gears have been
introduced. Rock climbing gained popularity as one of the weekend outdoor
activities in the country after the first successful expedition to Mt. Everest by Sir
Edmund Hillary and Sherpa Tenzing Norgay in 1953, after which many government
and private training adventure clubs, youth organizations sprung up all over the
country to promote the outdoor activities. Nowadays, rock climbing is popular in
the educational institutions too for character building of the youngsters.
The Indian Mountaineering Foundation (IMF) , the mountaineering headquarters

of India based in New Delhi, took birth in 1958 with the aim to coordinate
mountaineering and trekking activities, organise and support expeditions and
supervise the functioning of the mountaineering institutions in the country. The
IMF has played a major role in promoting mountaineering and climbing activities in
the country. Recently, different tourism departments and corporations have also
initiated a plan to promote adventure tourism including this activity.
India has vast potential in rock climbing and other adventure sports being the
house to the mighty Himalayas, Aravali mountains, Eastern Ghat, Western Ghat,
Vindhya Hills, Chhota Nagpur Hills etc.
You have read the passage. Now, fill in the blanks using the appropriate
words.
a) Rock climbing is an _________sport.
b) It is an independent ____________ sport activity as well as important part of
___________.
c) ________and______always pose challenge to the human sense of adventure.
d) Antoine de Ville led a team of climbers to _________in the Alps in 1492.
e) ________, the mountaineering headquarters of India based in New Delhi,
took birth in 1958.
$ Workbook
f) India has vast ________in rock climbing.
g) The IMF has played a major role in________mountaineering and climbing
activities in our country.
2. Write the relevant events against each date.
(a) 9th century _____________________________________________
(b) 1492 __________________________________________________
(c) 16th and 18th century ______________________________________
(d) 1958 __________________________________________________
3. Find words from the passage which have the following meanings.
a. especially in the degree to which the ground slopes
____________________
b. the ability to continue doing something painful or difficult for a long
period of time without complaining
____________________
c. very great
____________________
d. a long, hard walk lasting several days or weeks, especially in the mountains
____________________

Agreement of the verb with the subject
• Hari and Rama are here.
• The orator and statesman is dead.
• The horse and carriage is at the door.
• Either he or I am mistaken.
• Pankaj and I are great friends.
Workbook $!
The verb agrees with the subject in number and person.
(a) Two or more singular subjects connected by ‘and’ usually take a verb in the
plural; as
◆ Fire and water do not agree.
(b) If two singular nouns refer to the same person or thing, the verb must be
singular ; as
◆ The captain and adjutant was present.
(c) If two subjects together express one idea, the verb may be in the singular; as,
◆ Slow and steady wins the race.
(d) When the subjects joined by ‘or’, ‘nor’, are of different persons, the verb
agrees in person with the one nearest to it ; as
◆ Neither you nor he is to blame.
(e) When subjects differing in number or person, or both, are connected by
‘and’ the verb must always be in the plural; as
◆ He and I are well.
(f) A collective noun takes a singular verb when the collection is thought of as a
whole; a plural verb when the individuals of which it is composed are thought
of ; as,
◆ The class is well disciplined.
◆ The military were called out
(g) A noun of multitude is followed by a plural verb; as,
◆ The jury were divided in their opinions.
Some nouns which are plural in form but singular in meaning take a singular
verb, as
◆ Mathematics is a branch of study.
$" Workbook
(h) When a plural noun comes between a singular subject and its verb, the verb is
often wrongly made to agree with the nearest plural noun instead of with the
real subject.
◆ A variety of pleasing objects charms the eye.
In each of the following sentences supply a verb in agreement with its subject.
1. Shivaji and Rana Pratap ___________________ Indian heroes.
2. My friend and benefactor ____________________ come.
3. Early to bed and early to rise ___________ a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
4. She is one of the best mother that _____________________ ever lived.
5. Each one of our houses _________________________ to let.
B. Subject verb concord

Your friend has brought a pamphlet in which he found all sorts of
mistakes. Rewrite the pamphlet correcting mistakes.
For the last few months since the heavy rains Agra-Mumbai road have been in
a very bad conditions. The surface are badly broken and on dark nights it is
dangerous for cycle-rickshaws, motorcars and buses. The travellers is often hurt
and many an accident take place. The other day a child’s foot get caught in a pit
causing injury to the bones. I hopes the corporation will attend to this just grievance
and repairs the road without further delays.
Writing Skill
A. Collect some information about a legendary figure of sports. Use the
information and write a biographical sketch of him/ her. (50 words)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Workbook $#
B. Write a letter to your younger sister mentioning in it the moral of the
story ‘The Goal not Scored’.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
R
$$ Workbook
'
The Mission-Agni

A. Give the antonyms of :
competence ______________ perfect ______________
sufficient ______________ adequate ______________
commitment ______________ integration ______________
automatic ______________ irreversible ______________
immobility ______________ everywhere ______________
B. What is meant by the following expressions :
consortium – ______________________________________________
integration – ______________________________________________
dedicated – ______________________________________________
deviation – ______________________________________________
multiple – ______________________________________________
C. Put stress marks in the following words :

perfect, everywhere, upward, moments, entire, nuclear, self-reliance
D. Write the contracted forms of the given words and also learn to speak
them.
do not – __________________________
I will – __________________________
I am – __________________________
Workbook $%
I have – __________________________
cannot – __________________________
Listening Skill
* Listen to the text about a hovercraft.
A hovercraft is a vehicle which is suspended upon a cushion of air. This

cushion is generated by a fan attached to the engine of the hovercraft. The
hovercraft’s control is through the use of rudders, like the type used in planes. The
advantage of a hovercraft is that it can fly over relatively flat surfaces of land,
snow, mud, water, swamp and rivers. Currently, they are being increasingly used
for ferrying passengers and also troops during war. There are different types of
hovercrafts, made in various parts of the world. Some years ago there was a
hovercraft service linking Mumbai with Navi Mumbai and it proved extremely popular.
Now, put stress marks on the following words.
vehicle, variety, various
Speaking Skill
In the table given below there are some points to be discussed in small groups
of 4/5 students. One of the students in the group will lead the discussion and the
others will respond.
Points to be discussed Questions to be framed Reply (orally)

as in the example
eg. • Planting saplings • Why should one

plant saplings?
• Launching of a missile
• Launching of satellites
• Building dams across
the rivers
• Concretizing the roads
and the streets.
* The teacher will read the passage aloud.
$& Workbook
Reading Skill
below it.
The great ship Titanic sailed for New York from South Hampton on April
10th, 1912. She was carrying 1316 passengers and a crew of 891. Even by modern
standards, the Titanic was a colossal ship. In speed, in comfort, in beauty, in
equipment, she was a masterpiece. At that time, however, she was not only the
largest ship that had ever been built, but was regarded as unsinkable, for she had
sixteen watertight compartments. Even if two of these were flooded, she would
still be able to float. The tragic sinking of this great liner will always be remembered,
for she went down on her first voyage with heavy loss of life.
Four days after setting out, while the Titanic was sailing across the icy waters
of the North Atlantic, a huge ice-berg was suddenly spotted by a lookout. After the
alarm had been given, the great ship turned sharply to avoid a direct collision. The
Titanic just turned in time, narrowly missing the immense wall of ice which rose
over 100 feet out of the water beside her. Suddenly, there was a slight trembling
sound from below. The noise had been so faint that no one thought that the ship
had been damaged. The captain went down to see what had happened. He realized
to his horror that the Titanic was sinking rapidly. Five of her sixteen water light
compartments had already been flooded. The order to abandon the ship was given
and hundreds of people plunged into the icy water. As there were not enough
life-boats for everybody, 1500 lives were lost.
1. Choose the correct answer :
(a) The Titanic was regarded as unsinkable because -
(i) it was a huge ship
(ii) it had sixteen water tight compartments
(iii) it was a masterpiece
(b) What was the trembling sound from below the ship?
(i) tremour of engines
(ii) ripping of its body by the iceberg
(iii) water flooding into the ship
Workbook $'
(C) Where did the Titanic sink?
(i) near New York
(ii) off the coast of South Hampton
(iii) in the north Atlantic
(d) 1500 people lost their lives because -
(i) five water tight compartments were flooded
(ii) they jumped into the icy water of the sea
(iii) there weren’t enough life-boats
2. Pick out the words from the passage which mean same as given below:
a. a long journey in a ship __________________________________
b. a large boat that carries people or goods by sea route ______________
c. extremely large in size or amount ___________________________
d. to give up entirely ______________________________________
3. Mention the main characteristics of Titanic.

A. Study the sentences.
Active Voice Passive voice
• Hari played football. Football was played by Hari.
• She has found my book. My book has been found by her.
• The Manager will interview him He will be interviewed by the manager
tomorrow. tomorrow.
• The teacher teaches us English. We are taught English by the teacher.
• Who gave you that? By whom were you given that?
% Workbook
When we change a sentence into the passive voice, we do three things.
(a) The object in the active voice becomes ‘the subject’ in the passive voice.
(b) The verb changes its form. We need the verb ‘to be’ and a past participle.
(c) The subject of the active voice when mentioned follows the preposition ‘by’.
(d) The pronouns get inflected -
Subject Object Subject Object

I me he him
we us she her
you you they them
Verb Passive verbs

Simple present tense v1 is/am/are+v3
Simple past tense v2 was/were+v3
Simple Future Tense will/shall+v1 will/shall+be+v3
Present Continuous Tense

is/am/are+v1+ing is/am/are+being+v3
Past continuous tense
was/were+v1+ing was/were+being+v3
Present Perfect Tense

has/have+v3 has/have+been+v3
Past Perfect Tense had+v3 had+been+v3
Future Perfect Tense
will/shall have+v3 will shall+have been+v3

Imperative sentences v1+object let+object+be+v3 or
Object +should be+v3
can/could/may/might/must etc+v1 can/could/may/might/must/ etc + be+v3
Workbook %
Change the voice -
1. The man was taken to hospital by his brother.

_________________________________________________________
2. We discussed REX in ISRO about a decade ago.
_________________________________________________________
3. We adopted a three-fold strategy.
_________________________________________________________
4. They use people merely as instruments to reach goals.
_________________________________________________________
5. 1989 arrived, the whole nation was watching us.
_________________________________________________________
The Infinitive
(a) To err is human.
(b) Birds love to sing.
(c) To respect our parents is our duty.
(d) He refused to obey the order.
(e) Many men desire to make money quickly.
In sentence (a), the infinitive, like a noun, is the subject of the verb ‘is’.
In sentence (b), the infinitive, like a noun, is the object of the verb ‘love’.
In sentence (c), the infinitive, like a noun, is the subject of the verb ‘is’, but,
like a verb, ‘is’ also takes an object.
In sentence (d), the infinitive, like a noun, is the object of the verb refused,
but like a verb, it also takes an object.
In sentence (e) the infinitive, like a noun, is the object of verb desire, but, like
a verb, it also takes an object and is modified by an adverb.
% Workbook
It is seen that the infinitive is a kind of noun with certain features of the
verb, especially that of taking an object (when the verb is transitive) and
adverbial qualifiers. In short, the infinitive is a verb noun. The infinitive is a
form of verb from which we get all its other forms (from to speak, we get
speak, speaks, speaking, has spoken etc.) It is usually written with to. We
call it a non-finite verb because we cannot make a sentence with it.
It is sometimes used without ‘to’:
You may go.
He made her rewrite the exercise.
Verbs such as let, make, see, hear, dare, may, must, can, do, shall,
will and such phrases as had better and would rather are followed by the
infinite, without to : (e.g. you had better go) to bed now. I saw her go down
the street. I let him go there.
Combine together the following pairs of sentences by using infinitives:

One is done for you.
i. Napoleon was one of the greatest of generals.
ii. He is universally acknowledged so.
Can be combined as
• Napoleon is universally acknowledged to have been one of the greatest of
generals.
1. Every cricket team has a captain. He directs the other players.
_____________________________________________________________
2. You must part with your purse. On this condition only you can save your life.
_____________________________________________________________
3. His father went to Ujjain yesterday. His object was to visit the temple of Lord
Mahakaleshwar.
_____________________________________________________________
4. He wants to earn his livelihood. He works hard for that reason.
_____________________________________________________________
Workbook %!
5. He collects old stamps even at great expense. This is his hobby.
_____________________________________________________________
Rewrite the following sentences using the infinitive:
Example : I was glad when I heard of your success - can be written as ;
I was glad to hear of your success.
1. He was sorry when he heard of your disappointment.
2. He hopes that he will know by tomorrow.
3. Do you understand what you have to do.
4. She asked if she might leave the room.
5. I hope that I shall live to see my son a successful doctor.
6. Do not promise that you will do it, if you are not sure that you can.
7. The doctor warned my friend that he should not touch alcohol.
Writing Skill
A. ‘The mission - Agni’ suggests a novel way of celebrating the success.
Write a new way of celebrating your birthday. (50 words)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
%" Workbook
B. Look at the newspaper you read. Write a letter to the editor of the
newspaper expressing your views on any one news. (150 words)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
R
Workbook %#

Polonious Advice

A. Find out from the lesson the words which mean -
1. painful feeling for failure _____________
2. the ability to make decisions that are based on careful consideration of facts
principles etc.___________
3. an act of asking or receiving God’s favour, help or protection __________
4. a special set of clothes, especially worn by monks and nuns __________
5. adieu _____________
B. Collect all the antonyms of the following words and consult a dictionary
to know the correct pronunciation.
borrowing __________________ costly __________________
blessing __________________ familiar __________________
friend __________________ true __________________
Listening Skill.
A. *Listen to the given words carefully. Put stress mark(s) after listening
the sound(s)
aboard vulgar
shame adoption
shoulder entertainment
unproportioned unfledged
familiar courage
%$ Workbook
B. *Listen to the poem again and make a list of uncommon sounds,
generally not used in prose.
________________ ________________ ________________
________________ ________________ ________________
________________ ________________ ________________
________________ ________________ ________________
Speaking Skill
A man is walking on the road. He asks a passerby about the place he wants to
go. Deliver the following dialogues between the two in proper manner:
Rupendra : Excuse me, please. Do you know where the Rajwada is?
Sudesh : Well, it isn’t too far from here. You go 100 mts. straight, turn to
left and you are there.
Rupendra : Do you mean, I should take turn from the Gurudwara?
Sudesh : Oh, yes. You are right.
Rupendra : O.K., thank you.
Sudesh : All right. See, when you take the turn, the Rajwada will be on your
left. It’s a grand building.
Rupendra : I got it. Thank you.
Sudesh : You’re welcome.
Now, talk to your friends using the following words or phrases : across,
behind, up/down the street, in front of, back of, in the middle of, near, next to, on,
on the corner of, opposite to etc.
Reading Skill
Read the given poem and answer the questions given below it.
Where were you and where was I
When for help young children cried?
Workbook %%
Where were you and where was I
When they set this world alight.
How could we not realize?
There must be a reason why,
Wise men say,
Evil wins when good men walk away.
Don’t you talk of history,
What was then will never be,
Time has moved on, life has changed,
Now we just won’t let this be,
Every wrong now we will right,
Don’t forget the reason why,
Wise men say,
Evil wins when good men walk away.
1. Complete the following statements.

a) ‘You’ refers to______.
b) ‘I’ refers to ______.
c) When good men walk away______.
d) We fail to realize that______.
e) We shouldn’t talk of history because ______.
f) Wrong can become right ______.
g) Good men should______.
h) The children cry ______.
2. According to the poet what do wise men say?

_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
%& Workbook
Writing Skill
A. Look at the map of any country. Gather information about it on the
following points : capital, language, people, culture and famous buildings
Now, write a brief description of the country.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
B. ‘Be true to yourself then everything will go right with you’. Write an
incident in the light of this statement. (150 words)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
R
Workbook %'

Grandpa fights an Ostrich

A. Match ‘A’ with ‘B’.
‘A’ ‘B’
awful - look steadily at with wide open eyes
aggressive - to escape - especially by means of a trick
stare - causing great fear
elude - often
frequently - quick to attack
B. Refer to a dictionary to find out the grammatical classes of the following

words. Write the different forms of the words too.
Example ; splendour (noun), splendid (adjective) splendidly (adverb)
describe ____________ ____________ ____________
miracle ____________ ____________ ____________
provoke ____________ ____________ ____________
imagine ____________ ____________ ____________
desperate ____________ ____________ ____________
C. Distinguish between the following words given in pairs.

during and for, great and big, ‘as well as’ and ‘as’, forward and centre (in
sports)
& Workbook
Listening Skill
*Listen to the following sentences. Pay attention to the tones.
All the sentences in a text can’t be spoken alike. It depends on the situations
and needs.
e.g. A lady and a gentleman are talking to each other.
Rima : Where do you work?
Sanju : I work for The Global Tourist Agency in Indore.
Rima : Oh really? What do you do there?
Sanju : I’m a guide there. I take people on tours to the United Kingdom.
Rima : That sounds interesting!
Sanju : Yes, it’s a great job. I love it! And what do you do?
Rima : I’m a singer, and I work part - time, too.
Sanju : Oh! Where do you work?
Rima : I sing classical songs for the Creative Orchestra, Bhopal.
Sanju : Wonderful..
Speaking Skill
You have been to a national park. Now narrate the events right from your
preparations to the completion of it.
You can use the following words:
• discussing the matter among the family members
• buying tickets/ getting reservation/ return tickets
• packing necessary things
• ensuring stay arrangements
• keeping necessary money, debit card, credit card etc
• counting the luggage
Workbook &
• hiring a jeep and engaging a guide in the park
• taking necessary precautions
• food and drinks
• specialities of the tour
Reading Skill
below it.
Nothing can describe the confusion of thought which I felt when I sank into
the water ; for though I swam very well, yet I could not deliver myself from the
waves so as to draw breath, till a raging wave, mountain like, having driven me, or
rather carried me. A vast way on towards the shore, and having spent itself ,went
back and left me upon the land almost dry, but half dead with the water I took in. I
had so much presence of mind as well as breath left, that, seeing myself nearer the
main land than I expected, I got upon my feet, and endeavored to make on towards
the land as fast as I could, before another wave should come and take me up again.
But I soon found it was impossible to avoid it ; for I saw the sea come after me as
a great hill, and as furious as any enemy, which I had no means or strength to
contend with; my business was to hold my breath and raise myself upon the water,
if I could; and so, by swimming to preserve my breathing and pilot towards the
shore, if possible; my greatest concern now being that the sea, as it would carry me
a great way towards the shore, when it came on, might not carry me back again
with it when it gave back towards the sea... Now as the waves were not so high as
at first, being near land, I held my hold till the wave abated, and then fetched
another run, which brought me so near the shore that the next wave, though it went
over me, did not so swallow me up as to carry me away; and the next run I took I
got to the main land, where to my great comfort, I clambered up the cliffs of the
shore and sat me down upon the grass, from danger and quite out of the reach of
the sea.
1. Answer these questions in brief:
a) How was the writer driven to the shore ?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
& Workbook
b) When the wave left him on the shore, how could he rescue himself?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
c) Write any two efforts by which he saved himself.
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
2. Pick out the words from the passage which have following meanings -
a) an attempt to do something especially something new or difficult______
b) to keep a particular quality, feature etc. _________________
c) climbed or moved with difficulty or a lot of effort_________
d) diminished ____________

• He worked and he sang.
• He played but I worked.
• Jack and Jill went up the hill.
• You may choose either this or that.
• Just look after my luggage while I go and get the tickets.
The word joining two words, phrases, clauses or sentences is called a
conjunction.
It is never connected with an object. It never qualifies a word. The same word
can be an adverb in one place, a proposition in another and a conjunction in yet
another, as -
Workbook &!
(a) I have seen this place before. (adverb)
(b) I reached there before evening. (preposition)
(c) I reached there before you came. (conjunction)
There are three types of Conjunctions.
1. Co-ordinate Conjunctions
The conjunctions joining words, phrases, clauses or sentences of equal rank
are called co-ordinate conjunctions.
Co-ordinate Conjunctions join -
1. Noun with noun - Nitin as well as Pankaj came to my house.
2. Verb with verb - We worked and played together.
3. Adjective with adjective - He is sad but hopeful.
4. Adverb with adverb - He spoke loudly and clearly.
5. Phrase with phrase - He met me in the bazaar and again at the station.
6. Sentence with sentence - He worked hard, yet he failed.
Some co-ordinate conjunctions of common use are -

and but yet only however
for or nor besides otherwise
so also hence whereas therefore
2. Correlative conjunctions :
Conjunctions which are used in the form of pairs are called correlative
conjunctions, as;
He worked so hard that he fell ill.
Some correlative conjunctions of common use are:
so.. ..that both... and no sooner.. than
so.. ..as not only... but also hardly.. when
&" Workbook
as.. ..as neither.. nor scarcely.. when
as.. ..so either... or though.. yet
3. Subordinate conjunctions
Conjunctions which join a subordinate clause to its principal clause are called
subordinate conjunctions.
Principal clause Conjunction Subordinate clause
I don’t think if he would pass.
I know why he has come here.
I was away when Radha came here.
Tell me where he lives.
He is the boy who beat my brother.
Subordinate conjunctions of common use are :

who how lest whenever
whom if since wherever
whose till because whoever
what until before as if
when while after as though
where that although so that
why whether as soon as
Fill in the blanks with appropriate connectors given in brackets:

1. She is _____a nurse nor a doctor. (neither, either)
2. She may go either to Mumbai ____to Agra. (or, nor)
3. He is ______poor_____he deserves help. (as ......as, so.....that)
4. The patient had died _____ the doctor arrived. (before, than)
5. Nitin is richer_____his brother Pankaj. (as, than)
Workbook &#
Join these sentences with suitable connectors :
1. We opened the cage. The bird flew away.
________________________________________________________
2. The elephant can raise heavy logs. It is strong.

________________________________________________________
3. Will you lend me your book ? I have lost mine.
________________________________________________________
4. I went home. I knocked at the door.
________________________________________________________
5. Neha failed. She worked hard.
________________________________________________________
6. Sonu took a taxi. It was raining.
________________________________________________________
7. We ran all the way. We were late for school.
________________________________________________________
Writing Skill
A. Talk to some elderly person who has retired from an active profession.
Find out his daily routine. Then write a paragraph on ‘A memorable
day in his life. (50 words)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
&$ Workbook
B. Imagine : You went by ship to Lakshadweep with your friends. A storm
drifts your ship to an known island. Write about your adventurous
journey. (150 words)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
R
Workbook &%

The Poet and the Pauper

A. Point out the difference in meaning and use the words/phrases in your
sentences.
e.g. He works hard.
He hardly works.
• weather / climate
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
• a man of substance / substantial man
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
• tell / speak
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
• once / at once
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
B. Point out the difference.

e.g. Have you got a car? / Do you have a car?
(First one is American English and the other is British English)
He lives on the second floor. / He lives on the third storey.
What colour is this? / What color is this?
&& Workbook
There is no petrol in my car. / There is no gas in my car.
I like biscuits. / I like cookies.
C. Complete the sentence by choosing the second half : The first one is
done for you as
1. What sort of philistine are you, -
esquire?
respected sir?
Mr.?
sir? ✓
2. His teeth -
shiver.
chatter.
loiter.
bitter.
3. I set out job -

haunting.
hunting.
discovering.
inventing.
4. Why stay indoors when there’s such a lovely garden to -

walkout.
walkon.
walk in.
walk up.
Workbook &'
Listening Skill
A. *Listen to the story of a greedy doctor how once he missed a good offer
unfortunately.
Dr. Hubert was famous for his ability and also for his greed.
Once, he cured a child of a grave disease and as a token of her gratitude the
child’s mother presented the doctor with a pretty silk wallet. The woman said, ‘Sir,
I made it myself. Please accept it.’
Shaking his head, the doctor said harshly, “I don’t accept my fees in kind.
Give me in cash.”
The woman felt hurt and humiliated. She asked, “How much should I pay
you?”
“Hundred rupees”, said the doctor.
Without a word, the mother took a hundred rupee note out of the silk wallet,
handed it to the doctor and left with the rest of the hundred rupee notes she had
brought in the wallet to give him.
Make response to the following querries orally.
1. What might the doctor have felt looking at the wallet?
2. Why did the lady feel humiliated?
3. How many notes were there in the wallet?
4. Who was in loss, the doctor or the lady?
5. What would he have thought later on?
6. If you were a doctor what would have you done? Share your views with
your classmates.
Speaking Skill
The following is an example of a conversation on telephone, use it for a mock
talk on telephone. Arrange yourself in pairs :
1. - Hello, is it 2343378?
- Yes please.
' Workbook
- Is that Varsha?
- No, it isn’t. May I know who is calling?
- I’m Neha, her friend.
- O.K., I’ll just get her. Hold on please.
- Hello, I’m sorry. She isn’t here. She has just left the place. May I take
your message, please?
- You please tell her that Rani’s birthday is on 23rd of this month.
- O.K., I’ll tell her.
- Thank you. Bye!
- Bye!
Reading Skill
below it.
“One of the people who strongly coloured my younger years was the Indian
poet, Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941). He ranks with Gandhi as one of the great
heroes of India. He was a poet of world-wide stature and the recipient of the Nobel
Prize for literature. An opponent of colonialism, he planted much thought in the
minds of the people of India. For these reasons he was widely praised during the
eighty-one years of his life of creativity and struggle. One of the most impressive
parts of his life in my view is the curse that seems to have fallen on his family after
he devoted his own funds to the establishment of the Shantiniketan School for
peace at Bolpur. One after another, he lost his beloved wife, his second daughter
and his youngest child. Perhaps the poet did perceive a dark shadow of fate that
often fall on human lives. Accepting his own sorrow as a self-imposed trial, he
moved courageously forward along the path of his mission for the peace and
happiness of all mankind. It is this way of life that I commend most highly in
Tagore. A person awakened to his own great mission can overcome grief and use
experience as a springboard to the next stage in a creative life. A first class human
being is not a grumbler.”
Workbook '
Questions :
(i) ‘the recipient of the Nobel Prize for literature’ implies that :
(a) Rabindranath Tagore owned a prize for his noble deeds.
(b) He was awarded Nobel Prize, the highest form of international
recognition in the field of literature.
(c) He won an award for his honesty.
(ii) ‘an opponent of colonialism’ refers to :
(a) Rabindranath Tagore’s struggle against the policy of acquiring
colonies and keeping them dependent.
(b) his fight with those who developed agricultural land into colonies.
(c) his struggle for the rights of labourers living in unauthorized

colonies.
(iii) ‘Self-imposed trial’ signifies:
(a) a hard and difficult task performed for a big gain.
(b) a task taken up to impress people.
(c) a challenging duty or task imposed upon oneself of one’s own
volition without being forced.
(iv) Rabindranath Tagore ranks with Gandhiji as one of the great

heroes of India because :
(a) He apposed colonialism.
(b) He was a man of strong determination and indomitable courage.
(c) All of the above.
2. Complete the following statements with relevant information given in

the passage.
1. Rabindranath Tagore received the Nobel Prize for_________________.
2. He devoted his own funds for the establishment of______________.
' Workbook
3. Despite his sorrows and misfortunes, he moved courageously forward
________________________________________.
4. A person awakened to his own great mission can overcome grief and
use _______________________________________.
3. With the help of the information given in the passage, describe

Rabindranath Tagore as :
(a) a literary figure
(b) a nationalist
(c) an educationist

Study these sentences.
Direct : He will say, “I am not at home.”
Indirect : He will say (that) he is not at home.
In the direct speech, the words quoted are enclosed within quotation marks
(inverted commas) and separated by a comma from the principal sentence. The
quotation begins with a capital letter. The following rules may be useful in the
transformation of direct into indirect speech.
If the reporting verb is in present or future tense, the tense of the verb in
the reported speech is not changed.
Example :
Reporting verb Reported speech
(Present Tense) (Any Tense)
Direct : He has told you, “I am coming.”
Indirect : He has told you that he is coming.
First person pronouns in Direct Speech are changed into pronouns of
the same person as the person of the subject of the Reporting verb.
Direct : You say, “I do my duty.”
Indirect : You say that you do your duty.
Workbook '!
If the reporting verb is in the past tense, the verb in the reported speech
changes to any of the four forms of the past tense.
Direct Indirect
Present indefinite Past indefinite
Present continuous Past continuous
Present perfect Past perfect
Present continuous Past continuous
Past indefinite Past perfect
Past continuous Past perfect continuous
Examples :
Direct : The station master said, “The train is late.”
Indirect : The station master said that the train was late.
Direct : Mohan said, ‘‘I am writing a letter.’’

Indirect : Mohan said that he was writing a letter.
Direct : Neha said, ‘‘I have done my homework.’’

Indirect : Neha said that she had done her homework.
Direct : Ashok said, “I have been studying in this school for two years.”
Indirect : Ashok said that he had been studying in that school for
two years.
Certain adverbs of time and place change as given.

Direct Indirect
here there
now then
this that
these those
'" Workbook
ago before
today the same day, that day
tomorrow the next day
yesterday the day before (or the previous day)
last night the previous night
come go
Rewrite the following sentences in indirect speech.
1. He said, “I have done my best and can do no more.”
_____________________________________________________________
2. The old man said, “ My sons, I am dying, I wish you to get all my wealth.”
_____________________________________________________________
3. She said to me, “I thank you for the help you have given me.”
_____________________________________________________________
4. “Do as I tell you at once”, said the teacher angrily.

_____________________________________________________________
5. He said, “Time is up, you can go now.”
_____________________________________________________________
6. I said to him, “I was doing my duty.”
_____________________________________________________________
7. He said, “I shall go there.”
_____________________________________________________________
Workbook '#
Writing Skill
A. Write a story for your school magazine. (50 words)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
B. Write about the peculiar traits of Kunja Bihari’s personality. (150 words)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
R
'$ Workbook
!
Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening

A. Learn with the help of a dictionary the different usage of the following words:
know, deep, see
B. Say the following words and notice the difference in the vowel sounds :
bell, bill, ball, bull, bail, be, bee, boil
Listening Skill
*Listen to the following poem twice.
Tell me not in mournful numbers,
‘Life is but an empty dream!’
For the soul is dead that slumbers,
And things are not what they seem.
Life is real life is earnest!
And the grave is not its goal,
‘Dust thou art, to dust returnest’
Was not spoken of the soul.
Not enjoyment and not sorrow,
Is our destined end or way.
But to act, that each tomorrow
Finds us further than today.
In the world’s broad field of battle,
Workbook '%
In the bivouac of life.
Be not like dumb driven cattle,
Be a hero in the strife!
Fill in the blanks using the missing lines.

Tell me not in mournful numbers,
___________________________
For the soul is dead that slumbers,

___________________________
Life is real life is earnest!

And the grave is not its goal,
___________________________
Was not spoken of the soul.

___________________________
Is our destined end or way.
But to act, that each tomorrow
Finds us further than today.
In the world’s broad field of battle,
In the bivouac of life.
_________________________
Be a hero in the strife!
Speaking Skill
A. The poem “Stopping by the Woods on a Snowy Evening” has many
rhyming words. Now you add more words to the list :
here, queer, _________, ___________, ____________
lake, shake, _________, ___________, ____________
'& Workbook
sweep, deep, _________, ___________, ____________
know, though, _________, ___________, ____________
same, fame, _________, ___________, ____________
out, doubt, _________, ___________, ____________
wings, sings, _________, ___________, ____________
seven, heaven, _________, ___________, ____________
slays, ways, _________, ___________, ____________
B. Repeat the following lines giving attention to the rhyming words :

Ask your friend to ponder deep,
On ‘miles to go before I sleep’.
There are many slips,
Between a cup and lips.
Don’t fear don’t weep,
Look forward and leap.
Reading Skill
Read the given poem and answer the questions that follow :
I come from haunts of coot and her on;
I make a sudden sally
And sparkle out among the fern,
To bicker down a valley.
By thirty hills I hurry down,

Or slop between the ridges,
By twenty thorpes, a little town,
And half a hundred bridges.
Workbook ''
I wind about, and in and out,
With here a blossom sailing,
And here and there a lusty trout,
And here and there a grayling.
I slip, I slide, I gloom, I glance,

Among my skimming swallows;
I make the netted sunbeam dance
Against my sandy shallows,
I chatter chatter, as I flow

To join the brimming river,
For men may come and men may go,
But I go on forever.
- Alfred Tennyson
1. Where does the brook originate from?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
2. How does it sparkle?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
3. What does the word ‘bicker’ mean in this context?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Workbook
4. Describe the course of the brook as suggested in the poem.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
5. What does the expression ‘hurry down’ suggest about the movement of the
river?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
6. What does the ‘netted sunbeam’ mean? How does it dance?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
7. Who does ‘I’ refer to in the given lines?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
8. How does it chatter?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Writing Skill
A. Imagine you are going on a walk in the woods. On the way you come
across bushes, thorns, ferns, trees, streams, rocks, grasslands, slopes
etc.
Write a paragraph using the above words. (50 words)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Workbook
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
B. ‘Planting saplings today is ensuring greenery tomorrow’. Write a short

article on the importance of preserving the environment through
plantation drive in your village / city. (150 words)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
R
Workbook
"
Old Blockhead repairs his House

A. Make sentences with each of the following compound words so as to
bring out its meaning.
head-ache, head-dress, head-gear, head-less, head-line, head-on, block-ade,
block-age, block-buster, block-head, block-house
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
B. Use the following words in your own sentences.

mend, rectify, repair, restore, overhaul, replace
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Workbook !
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
C. What do you understand by the following questions?
Is anybody home?
Is somebody home?
Is nobody home?
Is everybody home?
D. What is meant by the following? Use them in sentences and point out
consonant sounds in each word.
shout, call, howl, roar, scream, cry, talk, clamour, shriek, yelp
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
" Workbook
Listening Skill
*Listen carefully to the items which Ma Blockhead needed to repair
her house -
three pieces of tin-sheets, two hundred and fifty bricks, eight litre of paint,
twelve wooden planks, half kilogram of nails, one bag of cement and one bag
of sand
Now, answer the questions ;
1. How much paint did Ma Blockhead require?

_________________________________________________________
2. How many bricks did she want?
_________________________________________________________
3. How may tin-sheets were needed by her?
_________________________________________________________
4. How much cement did she want?
_________________________________________________________
5. How much sand was required?
_________________________________________________________
6. How many wooden planks did she need?
_________________________________________________________
7. How much nails did she require?
_________________________________________________________
Speaking Skill
Here are some events. You are required to speak their sub events one by one
in proper sequence, the first one has been done for you:
Workbook #
Events Sub events
• Prayer meeting at school Ringing the first bell, entry of children

in their classes, second bell, going to
the assembly hall, standing at the proper
place, address by a student, address by
the Principal, cautions given by the
school captain, National Anthem, going
back to the classes.
• seeking admission in a school
• going on a tour
• buying railway journey tickets
• withdrawing money from a bank
Reading Skill
Read the passage given below and answer the questions below it.
Once in a dry desert a man was urging ten camels forward to a water pool.
After walking a few miles, he mounted one of the camels and counted the rest. He
counted nine of them, then immediately dismounted and walked back in search of
the lost one. Seeing no sign of any camel, he thought he had lost it. He discontinued
the search and hurried back to the camels, grieved and dismayed. There, to his
great joy, he found all ten of them. Happily he mounted one, and after a while he
thought of counting them once more. They were nine! He got down, perplexed,
and started the dismal search again. The lost camel could not be found. He rushed
back to the herd, and counting it, he was surprised to see that all his ten camels
were lazily walking along. He blamed the heat of the desert and got on the last
camel, counting the rest for the third time. He just couldn’t understand why one
was still missing. He jumped down cursing Satan and tiredly repeated the counting.
There were ten camels!
“All right, o crooked Satan,” he grumbled, “I would rather walk and have all
my camels than ride and lose one!”
$ Workbook
Questions :
a) Why did the man count nine camels?
_________________________________________________________
b) How could he count ten camels again?
_________________________________________________________
c) Whom did he curse for his confusion?
_________________________________________________________
d) What kind of man was he ? Write your opinion.
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
2. Pick out the words from the passage which have the following meanings:
a) to advise or try hard to persuade to do something ____________
b) felt very sad _____________
c) a worried, sad feeling after you have received an unpleasant

surprise ____________
d) causing or showing sadness ____________

Narration (Interrogative sentences)
Study these sentences

Direct He said to me, “What is the shortest way back ?”
Indirect : He asked me what the shortest way back was.
Direct : He said to me, “Are you going away today?”
Indirect : He asked me whether I was going away that day.
Workbook %
◆ When the reported speech is an interrogative sentence, the reporting
verb ‘say’ or ‘tell’ is changed into ‘ask’ or ‘inquire’.
◆ The question form of the Reported Speech is changed into the statement
form, and the question mark is removed.
◆ The conjunction ‘if’ or ‘whether’ is used to introduce the Reported

Speech if the question begins with auxiliaries like is, are, am, was,
were, do, does, did, has, have, shall, can, may etc.
◆ No conjunction is used before the question words - who, whom, whose,

what, where, how, why, which, whom.
Rewrite the following in indirect speech.
1. The stranger said to the lady, “Why do you wish me go away now?”
_____________________________________________________________
2. Ravi’s father asked, “Are you going to keep me awake all night?”
_____________________________________________________________
3. “Have you ever seen a meteorite falling?”, he asked the class.
_____________________________________________________________
4. “What does it matter if your miss the train?”, Mrs. Ram said to her husband.
_____________________________________________________________
5. The porter asked the passenger, “Which train are you taking?”
_____________________________________________________________
6. My uncle said, “Do you really need so many pairs of boots?”
_____________________________________________________________
7. She shouted to us, “Will you not come and save me from the clutches of this
thief?
_____________________________________________________________
& Workbook
Writing Skill
A. You have saved two thousand rupees. Plan how you will spend them.
(50 words)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
B. Ma Blockhead finds a change in her house as well as in her husband.

She is very happy and wants to share her feelings with her intimate
friend through a letter. Write a letter expressing her feelings.
(150 words)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
R
Workbook '
#
How it all began

A. What is the difference in meaning of the following words given in pair :
ago - before
also - too
most - many
journey - voyage
adjacent - neighbouring
B. The compound word ‘neighbourhood’ end in ‘hood’. Now write some

more words with the suffix ‘hood’.
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
C. Look at the common expressions of frequency. Study them carefully

and point out the number of vowel sounds in them.
1. always
2. usually, regularly
3. often, frequently
4. gradually, slowly
Workbook
D. Use the word ‘when’ in the beginning of a sentence and then in the
middle of a sentence. What difference does it make?
Example : When I returned, I felt tired.
I returned when I felt tired.
Now, frame some more sentences as shown above.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Listening Skill
* Listen to the words.
oak cherry lime orange grape
hibiscus mulberry beech snowdrop bluebells
lilies lotus monkey skylark avocado
Now, recall the aforesaid.
Speaking Skill
Recall and repeat orally any two of the following.
- What happened in a marriage party
- What happened in a family trip
- What happened in your group meeting
- What happened in a birthday party
* The teacher will read the words.
Workbook
Your report should have the following components :
- time/day/date/ month/ year of the event
- companions
- description of the event

- anything memorable about it
- your personal feelings
Reading Skill
below it.
She had always been short and fat and slightly bent. Her face was a criss-cross
of wrinkles running from everywhere to everywhere. She could never have been
pretty; but she was always beautiful. She hobbled about the house in spotless
white with one hand resting on her waist to balance her stoop and the other telling
the beads of her rosary. Her silver locks were scattered untidily over her pale,
puckered face, and her lips constantly moved in an inaudible prayer. Yes, she was
beautiful. She was like the winter landscape in the mountains, an expanse of pure
white serenity breathing peace and contentment.
My grandmother and I were good friends. My parents left me with her when
they went to live in the city and we were constantly together. She used to wake me
up in the morning and get me ready for school. She said her morning prayer in a
monotonous sing song while she bathed and dressed me in the hope that I would
listen and get to know it by heart; I listened because I loved her voice but never
bothered to learn it. Then she would fetch my wooden slate which she had already
washed and plastered with yellow chalk, a tiny earthen ink-pot and a red pen, tie
them all in a bundle and hand it to me. After a breakfast of a thick, stale chapatti
with a little butter and sugar spread on it, we went to school. She carried several
stale chapattis, with her for the village dogs.
My grandmother always went to school with me because the school was
attached to the temple. The priest taught us the alphabet and the Morning Prayer.
While the children sat in rows on either side of the verandah singing the alphabet or
the prayer in a chorus, my grandmother sat inside reading the scriptures. When we
had both finished, we would walk back together. This time the village dogs would
Workbook
meet us at the temple door.
They followed us to our home growling and fighting with each other for the
chapattis we threw to them.
Questions :
1. (a) How did the grandmother attend to her grandson?
_________________________________________________________
(b) What did she do while she bathed?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
(c) What does the author compare his grandmother with?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
(d) How did the grandmother take care of the study material of her
grandson?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
(e) Why did she carry stale chapattis with her?
_________________________________________________________
(f) Why were grandmother and the author good friends?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
2. Find out the words from the passage which have the following meaning:
(a) everything you can see when you look across a large area of land
especially in the country, ___________
Workbook !
(b) serene - calm and peaceful, ________________
(c) all the time, repeatedly, _________________
(d) never changing and therefore boring, _____________
(e) spent time and / or energy doing nothing, ___________
(f) the holy books of a particular religion, the Bible etc.______________

Preposition
There is a pen on the table.
The bird flew off the branch.
Raju’s house is between a shop and the railway Station.
She will return before Tuesday.
Mira is standing behind Radha.
In the most general terms, a preposition expresses a relation between

two entities; of various types of relations, represented by the prepositional
complement, those of place and time are the most prominent and easy to
identify.
Some prepositional uses may be best elucidated by seeing a preposition as

related to a clause; e.g.; The man with the red beard- The man who has the
red beard. My knowledge of Hindi - I know Hindi.
The prepositional phrase

A prepositional phrase consists of a preposition followed by a prepositional
complement, which is characteristically a noun phrase or a wh - clause or v-ing
clause.
at the bus stop
from what he said
by signing a peace treaty
" Workbook
Further examples of verbs and adjectives which can have either prepositional
complements or that clause are :
decide (on), inform (of) insist (on), afraid (of), aware (of), sorry (about), sure
(of)
Postponed Prepositions
Normally a preposition must be followed by its complement; but there are

some circumstances in which this does not happen either because the complement
has to take first position in the clause, or because it is absent.
Wh - questions : At which house is he staying? (formal)

Which house did you live at?
Relative clauses : The old house which I was telling

you about is empty.
Wh-clauses : What I am convinced of is that the

world’s population will grow to an
unforeseen extent.
Exclamations : What a mess he’s got into!
Passive : She was sought after by all.
Infinitive clauses : He’s impossible to work with.
Simple and complex prepositions

Simple prepositions consist of one word. Complex prepositions consist of
more than one word.
along with, as for, away from, out of, owing to, due to, because of, by means
of, in comparison with, in front of
Prepositional meanings : place
My car is at the cottage.
Workbook #
There is a new roof on the cottage.
There are two beds in the cottage.
Positive position and direction : at, to, etc.
Direction Position
Shanta went to the door as a result Shanta was at the door.

Shanta fell on (to) the floor. as a result Shanta was on the floor.
Shanta dived in (to) the water as a result Shanta was in the water.
Negative position : away from, off

They went away from the door.
Relative position : by, over, under etc.

He was standing by his brother.
Passage - by, over, under, across, through, past

Directions - up, down, along etc.
Time - When, at, on, in
Duration - for
Pick out the prepositions in the following sentences.
1. The two cats fought with each other for the cake. ________
2. The Pied Piper stepped into the street. ________
3. Rain, Rain go away to Spain. ________
4. Under the spreading chestnut tree we are happy. ________
5. We go to school everyday at 7 o’clock in the morning. ________
6. We rowed across the backwaters and reached the house. ________
$ Workbook
7. A sand storm blew over Delhi and tore down many
temporary sheds. ________
Writing Skill
A. Your sister collects stamps. Write a letter encouraging her to continue
this hobby. (50 words)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
B. Write the various activities of the Nature Club of your school.

(150 words)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
R
Workbook %
$
Where the Mind is without Fear

1. A. Use the following words in your own sentences.
mind, brain, habit, forward, fore-word
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
B. Write the meanings of the word ‘let’ as used in the following

sentences.
Let your body relax. ____________________
Let’s go. ____________________
If he thinks he can help me, just let him try! ____________________
Let line AB be equal to line CD. ____________________
I let the spare room. ____________________
C. Distinguish between :
wake and awake
sleep and asleep
fresh and afresh
rise and arise
& Workbook
2. What do you notice in the pronunciation of these words -
awake, asleep, afresh, arise
Listening Skill
A. *Listen to the poem by Matthew Arnold and pay attention to its rhythm,
rhyme and intonation.
Come, dear children, let us away;
Down and away below!
Now my brothers call from the bay,
Now the great winds shoreward blow,
Now the salt tides seaward flow;
Now the wild white horses play;
Champ and chafe and toss in the spray,
Children dear, let us away!
This way this way!
Now, tell, how many times the following words occur in the poem -
now, away, way
B. *Listen to the following words / phrases and repeat them -

let us away shoreward blow
from the way seaward flow
white horses play let us away
toss in the spray this way, this way
Speaking Skill
Some opinions are given below. First discuss in the group, the group
leader will sum up the views.
I think...
Workbook '
- A criminal should be punished publicly.
- Smoking should altogether be banned.
- Nuclear weapons should be destroyed.
...Why? / Why not?
Reading Skill
Read the following poem attentively and answer the questions given below
it.
Not gold, but only man can make

A people great and strong -
Men who for truth and honour’s sake
Stand fast and suffer long.
Brave men who work while others sleep,
Who dare while others fly -
They build a nation’s pillars deep
And lift them to the sky.
Questions :
1. Who can build a nation’s pillars deep?

_____________________________________________________________
2. Wherein lies the greatness of a nation?

_____________________________________________________________
3. What does ‘a people’ mean? Explain.

_____________________________________________________________
4. Pick out words / phrases which have the following meanings :

a) willing to do things which are difficult, dangerous or painful ________
b) having a large distance from the top or surface to the bottom ______
c) wealth _______________
Workbook
Writing Skill
A Write a letter to your younger sister suggesting her how to prepare for
the coming competitive examinations. (50 words)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
B. Study the bar diagram given below.

>
90 –
123456
123456
80 – 123456 12345
123456
123456 12345
123456 12345
70 – 123456
123456 1234567890
1234567890
12345
12345
123456
123456
1234567890
1234567890
1234567890 12345
60 – 123456
123456
1234567890
1234567890 12345
123456 1234567890
1234567890 12345
123456
123456 12345 1234567890
1234567890
12345
12345 12345
1234567890
Percentage
1234567890
123456 1234567890
50 – 123456
123456 12345 1234567890
1234567890 12345
123456 12345 1234567890
1234567890
12345
12345 12345
1234567890
123456
123456
1234567890
1234567890
40 – 123456 12345 1234567890
1234567890 12345
123456
123456 12345 1234567890
1234567890 12345
123456 12345 1234567890
1234567890
12345 12345
12345 12345 12345
1234567890
30 – 123456 1234567890
1234567890 123456789
123456
123456 12345 1234567890
1234567890 12345 123456789
123456789 12345
123456 12345 1234567890
1234567890
12345 123456789
123456789 12345
12345 12345 12345
1234567890
123456 1234567890 123456789 123456789
123456 1234567890 123456789 123456789
20 – 123456 12345 1234567890
1234567890 12345 123456789
123456789 123456789
123456789 12345
123456
123456 12345 1234567890
1234567890 12345 123456789
123456789
123456789
123456789 12345
123456 12345 1234567890
1234567890
12345 123456789
123456789
123456789
123456789 12345
12345 12345 12345
1234567890
10 – 123456
123456
1234567890
1234567890 123456789
123456789
123456789
123456789
123456 12345 1234567890
1234567890 12345 123456789
123456789 123456789
123456789 12345
123456
123456 12345 1234567890
1234567890
1234567890
1234567890
12345 123456789
123456789
123456789
123456789
123456789
123456789 12345
0– Hard Talent Intelli- Luck Contacts Money Honesty
>
work gence
Workbook
On the basis of this bar diagram write an article ‘Key to Success’ for
the school magazine. (150 words)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
R
Workbook
%
On Saying Please
A. Read the following sentences choosing the most appropriate word from
among the choices, they occur.
1. Where shall I send the (fore, fair, fare)?
2. With old people he was very (consider, considerable, considerate).
3. A journey with him was a (point, line, lesson) in natural courtesy.
B. Note the different meanings of the word ‘class’ in the following sentences.
1. I was late for the class.
2. Subhash Chandra Bose was a different class from most of his

contemporaries.
3. He has a first class degree.
4. I am against the class system.
C. Make words adding suffixes as given in the example and put proper
stress. e.g. grace - gracious
resent ____________________
friend ____________________
cheer ____________________
solicit ____________________
agree ____________________
step ____________________
polite ____________________
Workbook !
D. Refer to your dictionary and find out the meanings of the following
phrases with ‘run’.
be on the run – _____________________
in the long run – _____________________
a run on – _____________________
in the short run – _____________________
E. Choose the correct word or phrase to complete each of the following

statements and put a tick against it.
1. His gaiety was not a ____________ luxury.
(a) west (b) waste (c) wasteful (d) wishful
2. There is no _______for moral and intellectual damages in these matters.
(a) pay (b) salary (c) income (d) allowance
3. She got a ___________ eye from her enemy.
(a) white (b) black (c) red (d) yellow
4. I was utterly_________.
(a) poundless (b) dollarless (c) penniless (d) rupeeless
5. There was an ____________of excitement at the meeting.
(a) age (b) action (c) air (d) acid
Listening Skill
A. *Listen to the conversation between Anil and his teacher.
Teacher : Anil, did you appear in the interview, yesterday?
Anil : Yes sir!
Teacher : What did they ask you in the interview?
" Workbook
Anil : One of them asked me where I came from...
Teacher : What a funny question! Was it not in your application form?

And then?
Anil : One of them asked me, “How many kinds of cats are there?”
Teacher : Unbelievable ! Did you answer it?
Anil : No, another man asked me, When did man first land on the
moon?
Teacher : What a simple question! What did you say?
Anil : I said something. I don’t remember now. A lady on the board

asked, “When did Alexander defeat Porus?’’
Teacher : What was your response, my dear?
Anil : I said it was in 1857.
Teacher : My Goodness! There goes your job!
B. A drama on ‘Alexander’ was played on your school stage last week.

Some of your friends were not present that day. Narrate the theme of
the English drama so that they may know the facts.
Speaking Skill
Some sets of conversation have been given below. Write the dialogues
in proper sequence and speak out in groups of two each.
1. Fine, thank you, And you! Will you please come with me? I’m O.K.,
thanks. Hello Twinkle, how are you?
a. : _________________________________________________________
b: _________________________________________________________
a: _________________________________________________________
b: _________________________________________________________
Workbook #
2. Goodbye! Priya. Have a nice evening. Thanks Sonal. See you tomorrow.
Goodbye Sonal.
a: _________________________________________________________
b: _________________________________________________________
a: _________________________________________________________
b: _________________________________________________________
3. I’m also fine. Please tell me about your parents. Hello Virendra! How
are you?
They all are well. Fine, thanks. What about you ?
a: _________________________________________________________
b: _________________________________________________________
a: _________________________________________________________
b: _________________________________________________________
Reading Skill
Read the following passage answer the questions given below it.
Philosophers of every age have given much thought to the problem of whether
man by nature is basically good or bad. Typically, there are two opposing
interpretations. One view stresses the idea that man by nature is fundamentally
good; the theory of innate goodness holds that it is only through a variety of
accidents that badness crops up.
The other viewpoint stresses the idea that man by nature is essentially bad; the
theory of innate badness holds that only by suppressing man’s evil tendencies
through laws and discipline, is possible to keep evil in check. Wherever the theory
of innate goodness has been adopted, you are likely to find a stress on morality.
Wherever the theory of innate badness is highly regarded, it becomes necessary to
have strict laws and discipline to help curb man’s evil tendencies.
$ Workbook
Despite these theories, we still end up as you have said with good and bad
people. Or rather might one say that the good are not from the outset completely
good or the bad completely bad. Even a person whom we call virtuous on occasion
betrays his inner desire for fame and honour or other selfish concerns; and even
the arch villain will display tender affection toward his children.
What I mean is that any human being not only shows an ignoble tendency to
trap others, quarrel with them or fawn over them, but at the same time has the noble
tendency to forget about saving his own skin and to help somebody in trouble.
Either tendency lies dormant. It is not forced out of an individual but surfaces
through a variety of accidents at any given moment.
Questions :
1. Choose the correct alternative.
(a) The passage discusses the problem of :
i. the role of man in society
ii. whether man by nature is good or bad
iii. improving the nature of man.
(b) The theory of ‘innate goodness’ holds that :
i. all men are not equally good
ii. one requires good circumstances to become good
iii. man by nature is fundamentally good.
(c) The theory of ‘innate badness’ stresses that :
i. the adverse circumstances make a person bad
ii. man by nature is essentially bad
iii. a person becomes bad only when he encounters an evil

person.
Workbook %
(d) The theories of ‘innate goodness’ and ‘innate badness’
have helped :
(i) people to become good
(ii) us to classify people into ‘good’ or ‘bad’
(iii) us to understand human nature better.
(e) The noble tendencies in a man urge him
(i) to make many friends wherever he goes
(ii) to enjoy the company of the old people
(iii) to forget about saving his own skin and to help somebody in
trouble.
(f) The ignoble tendencies in a man urge him :
(i) to cultivate friendship with rich people for exploitation
(ii) to trap others, to quarrel with them
(iii) to make friends with influential people.
2. Choose the correct answer:
a) The passage is meant for :
(i) saints and religious leaders
(ii) teachers
(iii) people in general
(iv) philosophers and thinkers.
b) The passage is based on deep study of :
(i) man and his environment
(ii) human nature
(iii) important religions of the world
(iv) social evil in Indian society.
& Workbook
Noun Clause
1. That we obey the laws of the country is wise.
2. Duty requires that we should help others.
3. Do not believe in what he says.
4. The report was that the attack has failed.
5. The report that the attack had failed was false.
A Noun Clause is one which does the work of a noun. A Noun Clause may
function as; in sentence 1. The subject of a verb, in sentence 2 object of the verb,
in sentence 3 - object of preposition, in sentence 4 the complement of the verb, in
sentence 5 apposition to a noun or pronoun.
Connectives of the Noun Clause

There are three kinds of connectors, by which a Noun Clause can be introduced.
• When the Noun Clause is a direct quotation, no connector is required; as
- He said, “I do not know the man.”
• When the Noun Clause contains a statement, it is introduced by the conjunctions

that and but as :
- I know that he will succeed.
• When the Noun Clause is an indirect interrogation it is introduced variously
- By the interrogative pronouns; as,
- I know who you are.
- By interrogative adverbs; as,
- I know when he will come.
Workbook '
• Two or more simple sentences can be combined into one complex sentence
by using a Noun Clause; as,
He came. The reason of his coming is not clear.
Why he came is not clear.
• He will not come. This is my belief.
My belief is that he will not come.
• He may be guilty. I do not know.
I do not know whether he is guilty.
• You were absent. It was fortunate.
It was fortunate that you were absent.
Plague spreads by rats. It is now commonly believed.
That plague spreads by rats is now commonly believed.
Combine each of the following sets of sentences into one complex sentence
containing a Noun Clause:
1. What do you want? Tell me at once.

________________________________________________________
2. He is a clever boy. It is quite clear.
________________________________________________________
3. You have not done your homework. Will you explain why?
________________________________________________________
4. What is the truth? We do not know.
________________________________________________________
5. Honesty is a virtue. We all agree.
________________________________________________________
! Workbook
6. What purpose have you come for? Tell me about this.
________________________________________________________
7. Someone suggested the solution to him. I should like to know about it.
________________________________________________________
B. Relative Clauses
There are two types of relative clauses in English.

1. Identifying relative clauses, identify a person or thing in the same sentence.
Notice the lack of commas.
I applied for a job that I saw advertised last month.
2. Non identifying relative clauses give more information about a known
person or thing. They are more common in writing than in speech. Notice the use
of commas.
Nitin, who wrote to you about this, is no longer with our firm.
Fill in the blanks with a suitable relative pronoun. Add commas that are
missing.
1. The person ___________ impressed me most was Mr Mukesh.
2. Mr Shashank____________ application form we received yesterday is a

very promising candidate.
3. His mobile phone___________ you showed me yesterday is most valuable.
4. He has excellent references from his present employers ___are ACME

Engineering Ltd.
5. He was working in Mumbai_________ they have their headquarters.
6. His qualifications___________ you commented on are excellent.
7. The thing_____________ impressed her most is his personality.
Workbook !
Noun Clauses
1. This does not mean that the damages are negligible.
2. I imagine that lift-man denied the incident.
3. And the first requirement of civility is that we should acknowledge a

service.
4. I told the conductor that I couldn’t pay the fare.
5. I said, “But where shall I send the fare?”
The underlined clauses work as nouns in the above sentences.
Pick out the Noun Clauses from the given sentences.
1. Pankaj said that Radha was telling the truth.
2. It’s a fact that he is very honest.
3. Nobody knows where he has hidden the money.
4. I don’t know if Shanta is coming to school today.
5. The rumour that you were a prisoner was generally believed.
6. He asked me what I wanted.
7. Knowing that he was a fool, I did not talk to him at all.
Relative clause
1. Pankaj who did it wisely is here.
2. The place where he was born is known to me.
3. I know the reason why he went there.
4. The way how he did it is known to every one.
5. The way how he did this work is still strange to everybody.
! Workbook
An adjective clause does the work of an adjective. It qualifies some noun or
pronoun in the main clause.
An adjective clause is introduced by a Relative pronoun or a Relative adverb;

as Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown. The reason why he failed is
obvious.
1. The nature of English language frequently allows the relative pronoun

or the relative adverb to be omitted when it is in the objective case, but
not otherwise as -
a) The house I left (= which I left) was a good one.
b) The reason (why) I returned is that I left my purse behind.
2. Sometimes an Adjective Clause is introduced by but, where it is

equivalent to a relative pronoun followed by not; as -
a) There are few of us but love and honour him.
(That is, who do not love and honour him)
b) There was not a man but shed tears at his death.
(That is, who did not shed tears at his death)
3. It is used as relative pronoun in such expressions as, such as, the same as-
a) It was such a day as I have rarely seen in England.
b) You saw the same places as we saw last year.
Sometimes than is used as a preposition before a relative pronoun in the

adjective clause; as,
At last they came to a spot than which their eyes had seldom seen a lovelier.
The words who, why, when, where, how etc. introduce noun clauses when
they are interrogatives introducing dependent questions, but introduce adjective
Workbook !!
clause when they are relatives, i.e., when they refer to an antecedent noun, expressed
or understood.
Several simple sentences can be combined into a complex sentence by

introducing an adjective clause by some relative pronoun or relative adverb used in
a qualifying and not in a continuative sense.
1. An orator should possess a clear voice.
My brother does not possess one.
My brother does not possess a clear voice which an orator should possess.
2. We came upon a ruined house. Here a beggar was living with his wife and
children.
We came upon a ruined house in which a beggar was living with his wife and
children.
3. A lion was proud of his strength. He despised the weakness of the mouse.
A lion who was proud of his strength despised the weakness of the mouse.
4. That is the house. I was born there.
That is the house where I was born.
We visited Shantiniketan. Rabindranath Tagore started a school there.
We visited Shantiniketan where Rabindranath Tagore started a school.
Combine each of the following sets of sentences into one complex

sentence containing an Adjective Clause.
1. Here is a tourist. He has toured all over the world in six months.
_________________________________________________________
2. In the evening the traveller reached an inn. It belonged to a rich landlord.
_________________________________________________________
!" Workbook
3. We played cricket together. Do you remember the times.
_________________________________________________________
4. The band of robbers met together at night. Their object was to break
into the house of a rich merchant.
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
5. Many fairs are held every year at Hardwar. Hardwar is one of the most
ancient cities of India.
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
6. An intelligent boy should possess a retentive faculty. Your brother does
not possess it.
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
7. He has no influence over the people of the city. He cannot serve them.
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Writing Skill
A. You borrowed your friends favourite book. You want to return it, but
can’t find it. Apologize and promise to return it as soon as possible.
(50 words)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Workbook !#
B. Write what you would do if you find a valuable piece of jewellery on a
bench in a park . (75 words)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
R
!$ Workbook
&
The Never - Never Nest

A. What does ‘rise’ mean in the following sentences:
1. The court will rise at 4.30.
2. The river Rhine rises in Switzerland.
3. The Sun rises in the east.
4. There’s been a sharp rise in the cost of living.
5. There’s a slight rise in the road just before our house.
6. We all got a rise last month.
7. Unhygienic conditions give rise to diseases.
B. Use the following expressions in your own sentences.
now-a-days _______________________________________
now _______________________________________
every now and then _______________________________________
now that _______________________________________
D. Read and learn how to say the following words.
aunt, aren’t, two, too, pretty, pity, nest, next, dear, deer, cheque, check, made,
mad
E. When and why do you say the following?
Good heavens!
Workbook !%
Listening Skill
A. * Listen to a biographical article on the famous writer Charles Dickens.
He worked in a factory as a labour and suffered a lot in his boyhood.
Charles Dickens’ family lived in London. His father was a clerk in an office. It
was a good job, but he always spent more money than he earned and he was often
in debt. There were eight children in the family, so life was hard.
Charles went to school and his teachers thought he was very clever. But
suddenly when he was only eleven, his father went to prison for his debts and the
family went, too. Only Charles didn’t go to prison. He went to work in a factory,
where he washed bottles. He worked ten hours a day. Every night, after work, he
walked four miles back to his room.
Group Work
Tell your friend the following pieces of information on the basis of the text,
about Charles Dickens’ boyhood.
(a) his family position in London
(b) his father’s wasteful habits
(c) size of his family
(d) discontinuity of his education
(e) imprisonment of his family
(f) impact of father’s habits upon his personality
B. Listen to the passage again and pay attention to the facts available.
- What was the age of Charles Dickens when his father went to prison?
- What work did Charles Dickens do in the factory?
- How many hours did Charles work in the factory?
!& Workbook
Speaking Skill
Jack and Jill showed their home to aunt Jane. Now using the following word
clues describe your own home before the class :
cosy little room, lounge, pretty furniture, kitchen, wonderful, lovely, costs a
great deal, owner, various commodities in the home
Reading Skill
below it.
Have you heard people saying that the ‘rupiah’ makes the world go round?
Do you know the story of the ‘rupee’?
The word rupee comes from the Sanskrit Rupya or Rupa which means silver.
The very early coins, before the second century B.C., were all made of silver but
the coins were neither of any standard weight nor had any face or value printed on
them. It was Sher Shah Suri who first gave the name rupia to the silver coins. The
last silver coins were minted in 1940 with the face of King George VI on them. In
1942 the silver coin was replaced by a cupro-nickel coin for the first time.
Money was invented by man to get power but now money has become more
powerful than man. All over the world, money and power go together. The more
money a person has, the more successful he is judged to be. A rich man is accepted
by society even if he is corrupt or evil.
Man works hard to earn more and more money and saves a lot of it. He thinks
that money will give him more freedom to enjoy himself and to have lots of fun. He
thinks he will not be anyone’s slave but be his own master. But soon he becomes
the slave of money. The more he has, the more he wants. He is never satisfied with
what he has got but always wants something more even though he knows that in
the end, he cannot carry anything with him. Money can buy everything but it cannot
buy peace or happiness or a ticket to heaven.
Workbook !'
Questions :
1. Based on your reading of the above passage, complete the notes given below.
Write your answer in the space given.
(a) What can money do?
________________________________________________________
(b) What can money not do?

________________________________________________________
2. Based on your reading of the above passage, fill in the blanks.

(a) Man should realize that _________________________.
(b) Provide him real ______________________.
3. Find words / phrases from the passage which have the following meanings :
(a) Who first gave the name rupia to the silver coins? ______________
(b) When was the last silver coin minted? _____________
(c) What replaced the silver coin? ______________
(d) What were the defects in early coins before 200 B.C.? ___________

Narration (Imperative Sentences)
Direct : The teacher said to the boy, “Shut the door”.
Indirect : The teacher asked the boy to shut the door.
Direct : Mukesh said to his father, “Please come to the station with me.”
Indirect : Mukesh requested his father to go to the station with him.
" Workbook
• When Reported Speech is an imperative sentence, the reporting verb must
be changed to some such verb as signifies a command, advice, request,
prohibition etc.
• The imperative mood is changed into the infinitive (to +v1).
• Remove the comma and the inverted commas. (no conjunction is to be

used)
• Make changes in personal pronouns and do other necessary changes.
1. He said to his servants, “Go away at once.”
_________________________________________________________
2. He said to his friend, “Work steadily.”
_________________________________________________________
3. He said to his master, “Pardon me, sir.”
_________________________________________________________
4. Mohan said to his servant, “Go and post this letter at once.”
_________________________________________________________
5. The teacher said to Yash, “Don’t tear off pages from your note-book.”
_________________________________________________________
6. I said to children, “Go away and don’t disturb me.”
_________________________________________________________
7. I said to my friend, “Please lend me your bicycle for an hour.”
_________________________________________________________
Workbook "
B. Exclamatory sentences
Study these sentences.
Direct He said, “Hurrah! my friend has arrived.”
Indirect He exclaimed with that his friend had arrived.

delight
Direct He said to them all, ‘‘Good-bye, my friends!’’
Indirect He bade good bye to all his friends.
1. When the reported speech consists of an exclamatory or optative

sentence the reporting verb ‘say’ or ‘tell’ must be changed to some
such verb as exclaim, ‘cry out’, ‘pray’, etc. and the student must
select the verb best suited to the sense of context.
2. The conjunction ‘that’ is used to introduce the reported speech.
3. The exclamatory form of the sentence is changed into the statement
(assertive) form.
1. He said, “May God pardon this sinner!”
_________________________________________________________
2. He said, “ Alas! how foolish I have been.”
_________________________________________________________
3. The boys said, “How easy the question paper is!”
_________________________________________________________
4. I said to Shanta, “What a powerful shot it is.”
_________________________________________________________
" Workbook
5. She said, “Hurrah! my sister has won the first prize.”
_________________________________________________________
6. Yash said, “What a beautiful toy!”
_________________________________________________________
7. She said to the king, “May you live long!”
_________________________________________________________
Writing Skill
A. Write what you would do if a friend borrowed money from you and
didn’t return it. (50 words)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
B. Extend the idea contained in ‘All that glitters is not gold’. (150 words)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
R
Workbook "!
PRONUNCIATION
N o doubt, you can certainly read and write English. Here is an attempt to help
you to pronounce English better than you do now. Generally English is not
spoken as it is written. Language is primarily spoken. Instead of giving you all
theory of English speech, our efforts are to highlight certain important features of
speech. This may enable you to understand some basics of English speech. It will
also help you to consult an English pronouncing dictionary in case of doubt about
the pronunciation of a word.
Every language has a different number of systems. These systems operate
at different levels. With hard work or practice it is easy to have good English
pronunciation. English has 26 letters but 46 phonemes (i.e. meaningful or basic
sounds). Phonemes help us to keep each word or longer utterance separate from
every other. First, you must be able to produce 46 phonemes, i.e. 22 vowels and
24 consonants. Secondly in learning pronunciation you must learn to use as many
different sounds as is necessary to represent a particular phoneme. In words like
‘DAY’ and ‘THEY’ initial sounds are different. In some other languages then may
be the same. Therefore, one must try to forget the habits of one's language and use
the sounds independently as in English. It all depends on a great deal of practice.
In English ‘PEN’ and ‘PIN’ are pronounced differently and their meanings
are also different. The difference between the vowel sounds make a difference in
meaning. The sounds /p/ and /n/ are the same in both the words. The words ‘PUT’
and ‘CUT’ are not pronounced alike. Again the vowel sounds in these two words
are different, As far as vowel sounds are concerned, we can say ‘PUT’ is like
‘GOOD’ and ‘CUT’ is like but, shut, etc. In words like ‘GOOD’ and ‘FOOD’ we
have double O in the spellings but the pronunciation of both these words is differ-
ent. In words like 'SON' and 'SUN' spellings are different but the pronunciation of
both the words is similar.
"" Workbook
Now try to learn some essential basic theoritical aspects of speech. They
are elementary but essential for practice.
i. Speech Theory : What happens when we speak?
ii. We may make it vibrate by using the vocal cords.
iii. We make changes in the sound by changing the position of the tongue, lips,
teeth etc.
Practical :
What happens when we speak?
i. Put your hand on your throat. Breathe out slowly (mouth open), making no
noise. Did your throat, vibrate? No. Now breathe out slowly, saying ‘a-a-
ah’. Did your throat vibrate? Yes. This vibration was made by the vocal
cords.
ii. Say 'a-a-ah' with mouth wide open. Now close the lips, leaving a small
round hole only. Try to say 'a-a-ah'. Is this sound the same as the first one?
No. How was the sound changed? By closing the lips. We make different
sounds by changing the position of the speech organs.
How many different sounds do we need to make?
Some languages use more 'basic sounds' than others. Each language has its
own set of ‘basic sounds’. When we learn our mother tongue we train ourselves to
hear the difference between these basic sounds. This is necessary, because chang-
ing a basic sound changes the meaning. Another word for a 'basic sound' is a
'Phoneme'.
What link is there between spoken English and written English?
Written English tries to record the English we speak. It does not do this
very well, because English has 46 sounds but only 26 letters to write them with. So,
some sounds are written sometimes in one way, sometimes in another. And there
are letters which sometimes stand for one sound, and sometimes for another.
Workbook "#
Practical :
i. The following words have three letters. How many sounds are there in each
word?
can, cap, cat, man, mat, map, tin, pin, sit, hit
ii. All these words have four letters. How many sounds are there in each
word?
stop, spin, step, spot, skip, plan, plot, flag, trip, clap
iii. All these words have four letters. How many sounds are there in each
word?
shop ship shed wash rich chin chop
such thin with this path fall bell
pass miss shoe show know more
iv. All these words contain the letter 'a'. They are arranged in groups of five. In
each group there are four words in which the letter 'a' represents the same
sound. One word in each group has a letter 'a' which does not represent the
same sound as the rest : which?
(1) cap flat matter make trap
(2) start farm half stay car
(3) match march part star calm
(4) along among fireman about apple
(5) plane plan bake tame may
Therefore, in written English some letters may stand for more

than one sound, and some sounds may be represented in more
than one letter.
"$ Workbook
(2) English Vowels
What is a vowel sound?
A vowel sound is one made with the vocal cards vibrating, but in which we
cannot hear the sound of friction between speech organs (i.e. hissing, buzzing or
explosions)
(i) Say the sound /i:/as in 'meet'. Any hisses, buzzes, bangs? No. This
is a vowel sound.
(2) Say the sound 'b, b, b'/b/. Any hisses, buzzes, bangs? Yes. There
is a bang. This is not a vowel sound.
(3) Say the sound ' s-s-s'/s/ as in 'See'. Any hisses, buzzes, bangs? Yes
- a hiss. This is not a vowel sound.
What kinds of vowel sounds are there?
(a) First there is the pure vowel sound. Here the sound remains the
same from start to finish.
(b) Then there is the diphthong sound. This is a combination of

two vowel sounds in which the voice moves quickly from one
sound to the other.
Practical
(i) Say the words 'get', 'wet', 'yet'. Do the sounds underlined remain
the same from start to finish? Yes. They are pure vowels.
(ii) Say the words 'gate', 'wait', 'late'. Do the sounds understand remain
the same from start to finish? No. They are two vowel sounds
combined. They are diphthongs.
(iii) In the list below are pairs of words. Which of the pair has a pure
vowel, which has a diphthong?
Workbook "%
hand - hide pain - pen
hat - hate still - style
site - sat note - not
gate - get come - comb
ball - boy say - see
main - men down - done
ought - out feet - fear
How many English vowel sounds are there?
(a) There are 14 pure vowel sounds.
(b) Ther are 8 diphthong sounds.
How many English vowel letters are there?
Only 5 - a, e, i, o , u.
(Sometimes the letters y, w, and r are also used in writing vowel sounds)
How can we write 22 vowel sounds with only 5 (+3) vowel letters?
We find it very hard. We try to do it in many different ways, but this can be
confusing e.g. met - / met /
meat - /mi:t/
meet - /mi:t/
mete - /mi:t/
The three words : meat, meet, mete, all sound the same, but they are spelt in
different ways.
Therefore, when talking about sounds, the best way is to use a special kind
of writing in which one letter (symbol) stands for one sound. This kind of writing is
called phonemic script.
"& Workbook
Phonemic script
1. We put phonemic script inside slanting lines ‘/ /’ to show that it is not
ordinary spelling.
2. We do not use capital letters.
3. It is not ................
(ii) These are the pure vowel symbols :
/i:/ as in seat /si:t/

/I/ as in sit /sIt/
/i/ as in happy /'h&pi/
/e/ as in set /set/
/&/ as in sat /s&t/
/A:/ as m farm /fA:m/
/Q/ as in shot /shQt/
/O:/ as in sort /sO:t/
/U/ as in foot /fUt/
/u:/ as in shoot /Su;t/
/u/ as in actual /'&ktSuJl/
/V/ as in shut /SVt/
/3:/ as in shirt /S3;t/
/J/ as in upon /J'pQn/
Practical
i. Read the following words, which are written in phonemic script.
/i:/ /mi:/ /si:t/ /hi:t/ /ri:d/ /wi:k/
/I/ /It/ /sIt/ /tIn/ /hIm/ /hil/
Workbook "'
/i/ /'n&pi/ /'s&pi/ /'flQpi/ /'kQpi/ /'slQpi/
/e/ /bed/ /men /red/ /send/ /rek/
/&/ /m&n/ /k&t/ /s&t/ /p&k/ /l&nd/
/A:/ /pA:t/ /hA:d/ /stA:/ /fA:m/ /kA:/
/Q/ /tQp/ /hQt/ /lQt/ /kQst/ /stQp/
/O;/ /tO;l/ /bO;t/ /brO;t/ /kO;n/ /bO;d/
/U/ /fUt/ /pUt/ /hUk/ /kUk/ /pUl/
/U:/ /tU:/ /hU:/ /mU:n/ /rU:d/ /lU:s/
/u/ /'f&ktSuJl/ /'v3;tSuJl/ /'gr&dZuJl/ /'mju;tSuJl/ /'rItSuJl/
/V/ /hVt/ /dVn/ /sVn/ /dVl/ /bVs/
/3;/ /b3;d/ /b3;n/ /w3;k/ /g3;l/ /st3;/
/J/ 'fA;mJ(r) /'fItJ(r)/ /'dO;tJ(r)/ /J'pQn/ /J'gri;/
ii. Which words do not contain the sound written at the left.
/i:/ seed eat bread case
/e/ here head men friend
/A:/ car care half pass
/Q/ on lot lost one
/U/ pull cook spoon full
/V/ tub cut come luck
/J/ father mother away apple
# Workbook
Phonemic script : Diphthongs
i. Because these combine two sounds, each diphthong symbol contains two
letters.
ii. These are the diphthong symbols:
/eI/ as in say /seI/
/aI/ as in fly /flaI/
/OI/ as in boy /bOI/
/aU/ as in how /haU/
/oU/ as in no /noU/
/IJ/ as in here /hIJ(r)/
/eJ/ as in hair /heJ(r)/
/UJ/ as in poor /pUJ(r)/
Practical
Read the following words, which are written in phonemic script :
/eI/ /meI/ /keIm/ /leIt/ /meIl/ /beIk/
/aI/ /maI/ /taIm/ /laIt/ /saIn/ /waIl/
/OI/ /bOI/ /bOIl/ /kOIn/ /tOI/ /OIl/
/aU/ /haU/ /kaU/ /taUn/ /aUt/ /laUd/
/oU/ /soU/ /noU/ /boUt/ /koUt/ /oUn/
/IJ/ /tIJ/ /bIJd/ /fIJ/ /dIJ/ /hIJ/
/eJ/ /reJ/ /beJ/ /deJ/ /heJ/ /peJz/
/UJ/ /pUJ/ /dUJ/ /tUJ/ /trUJ/ /blUJ/
Workbook #
What is a consonant sound?
A consonant sound is one in which we can hear the sound of friction
between speech organs. Some are hissing voices, like the /s/ in SEA. Some are
buzzing noises, like the /z/ in zoo. Some are explosions, like the /P/ in 'PAN'. There
are other kinds of consonant noises, too.
Practical
(1) Say the words 'SHEEP'
Which is the vowel sound? ............... /i:/
Which is the first consonant sound? ......... the sound written 'sh' /S/
Is the sound /p/ a vowel or a consonant? ......... A consonant.
(2) Say the word 'SICK'

Now say the word 'SILK'
Are they the same? ........... No
How many consonant sounds are there in 'SICK'? ....... Two /s/ and /k/.
How many in 'SILK' .......... Three ........./s/, /l/, /k/
How many English consonant sounds are there? ........24
How do we write them in phonemic script?
Some are written and pronounced in the same way as we usually

write and pronounce them in ordinary writing :
/b/ as in bed rub
/d/ as in dog bad
/f/ as in fan half
/g/ as in get dog
/h/ as in hat
# Workbook
/k/ as in king walk
/l/ as in lamp girl
/m/ as in man seem
/n/ as in not man
/p/ as in pen top
/r/ as in run fairy
/s/ as in sit bus
/t/ as in time hat
/v/ as in very love
/w/ as in wet -
/z/ as in zoo -
There are 8 others for which we use special symbols :
/S/ as in sheep wash
/tS/ as in church catch
/dZ/ as in judge germ
/N/ as in sing having
/T/ as is thick path
/D/ as is this bathe
/j/ as is yet year
/Z/ as is pleasure usual
Workbook #!
Practical
Which English consonant letters are not used in English phonemic script
e--x--q--y
Now read the following words, which contain the sound written at the left :
/S/ /Sip/ /Sed/ /Seik/ /wiS/ /diS/
/tS/ /tSip/ /tSQp/ /tSein/ /ritS/ /pitS/
/dZ/ /dZO;/ /dZVdZ/ /dZOI/ /rIdZ/ /keIdZ/
/N/ /siN/ /wiN/ /lQN/ /sQN/ /b&N/
/T/ /Tik/ /Tin/ /Tri:/ /pa:T/ /TO:t/
/D/ /Den/ /Dis/ /D&t/ /wiD/ /beiD/
/j/ /jU:/ /jes/ /jet/ /jel/ /jU:s/
/Z/ /'treZJ/ /'pleZJ/ /'meZJ/
Read these words which are written in phonemic script :
/set/ /get/ /jet/ /det/ /met/
/wQt/ /wQtS/ /wQS/ /wQz/ /wQnt/
/sin/ /siN/ /s&N/ /sQN/ /sVN/
/wiT/ /wID/ /Di:z/ /DoUZ/ /ri:T/
/hedZ/ /b&dZ/ /rIdZ/ /wedZ/ /peIdZ/
#" Workbook
Revision
i. What use in phonemic script? It helps us to write sounds properly.
ii. All the words below have the letter 'S' underlined. They are written in ordi-
nary English. In each one the 'S' is pronounced in a defferent way. How
would you write these 'S' sounds in phonemic script?
rose /z/
post /s/
usual /Z/
iii. Is there any difference among the sounds underlined in the words below?
ration, sharp, mission
How would you write the sound underlined? /S/
Stress
What do you mean by 'STRESS'
When a man plays the 'table' he sometimes huts it harder, sometimes softer.
When we speak English we 'hit' some sounds harder and some sounds softer.
Practice
(a) Look at the pattern below :
l--l --l - -l - -l - -l --
(b) At each l tap the table (desk/floor/book) hard; at each _ tap the table softly.
Repeat this four times.
(c) Now say the word 'beautiful' six times, tapping hard for 'beau - - and softly
for --- ti --- ful
NOW, look at this pattern :
(a) l-l -l -l -l -l
Workbook ##
(b) Tap this pattern four times : (1 means hard - means softly)
(c) Now say ' former six times, tapping hard for ' ta - - , and softly for - - -
their.
Every word with more than one syllable has atleast one hard
(strong) beat (there are very few exceptions).
(a) Sometimes the strong beat (strong stress) is on the first syllable :
'father, 'mother 'talking 'cheapest
(b) Sometimes the strong stress is on the second syllable :
a'way, re'turn, in'form, de'cide
(c) We mark strong stress with the sign 'before the strongly stressed syllable.
(d) Syllables which are not stressed often contain the vowel /J/ and this vowel
occurs in unstressed syllables never in stressed ones. But it is not true to
say that /J/ is the only vowel which occurs in unstressed syllables, all the
other vowels can occur there too and /i/ is commonly found there, the
remaining vowels less commonly so.
obtain, invent, allow, adore, account
(e) What is a syllable? A word or part of a word which contains a vowel sound
or a consonant acting as a vowel. e.g. there are two syllables in 'WIN-
DOW' - 'win' - and' - dow'
Practical
(1) All the words below have two syllables, and the first syllable of each
is strongly stressed. Say them :
'father 'mother 'sister 'brother
'talking 'running 'sitting 'jumping
'waited 'posted 'painted 'started
'hopeful 'helpless 'cheerless 'careless
#$ Workbook
(2) All the words below have two syllables, the second of which is strongly
stressed. Say them :
a'way a'bout a'long a'cross
re'turn re'fuse re'pay re'ject
de'tain de'part de'lay de'mand
in'tend in'ject in'fect in'spect
con'fuse con'firm con'duct con'tain
(3) In sentences some syllables are strongly stressed :
(A) ' What do you 'want?
(B) ' How do you 'do?
Practical
(i) Which words in 3A are strongly stressed?
(ii) Say the sentence several times, putting strong stress on the words marked.
(iii) Which words in 3B are strongly stressed?
(iv) Say the sentence several times, putting strong stress on the words marked.
(v) Notice that the sentences 3A and 3B above have the same stress pattern.
strong weak weak strong
What do you want?
How do you do?
(vi) We can write this pattern :
1--1
These sentences have the same pattern, 1 - - 1 . Say them
Workbook #%
Where did he go?
What did she do?
How did he come?
Why did you stop?
When will they know?
Put it away.
Give him a sweet.
Show me your book.
Pick up your pen.
Look at the Sky.
Now, make as many sentences as you can with the pattern 1 - - 1 i.e. strong, weak,
weak, strong.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
R
#& Workbook

Rainbow Workbook PDF

Încărcat de

Informații document

Titlu original

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Rainbow Workbook PDF

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

The Rainbow

Madhya Pradesh Rajya Shiksha Kendra

Year 2012 Price Rs.

◆ Direction : M. K. Singh, I.A.S.

◆ Coordination : Shakuntala Shrivastava

◆ Subject-Coordinators : Rajendra Kumar Pandey

◆ Writers : Dr. R. P. Saxena, Retd. Reader, NCERT

◆ Moderators : N. P. Tiwari, Retd. Principal, Bhopal

◆ Editors : Dr. R. P. Saxena, Retd. Reader, NCERT

◆ Cover Page Design : Vikas Malviya, M. P. Rajya Shiksha Kendra, Bhopal

◆ Typesetting : Sanket Graphics, M.P. Nagar, Bhopal

01. Dr. Govind Sharma Chairman

02. Dr. Umrao Singh Choudhary Member

03. Prof. Udai Jain Member

04. Dr. Subhash Gupta Member

05. Dr. (Smt.) Binay Rajaram Member

06. Prof. Sureshwar Sharma Member

07. Dr. Prakash Bartunia Member

08. Dr. Manmohan Upadhyaya Member

09. Shri Bhagirath Kumrawat Member

10. Commissioner Member

11. Commissioner Member

12. Secretary Member

13. Managing Director Member

14. Representative - NCERT Member

15. Representative - Navodaya Vidyalaya Sangthan Member

16. Dr. Prem Bharati Guest

S. No. Lesson Page No.

1. Bharat our Land 1

3. Little girls wiser than men 18

4. Past and Present 30

5. Dead Man's Riddle 36

7. The World is too much with us 54

8. The Goal not Scored 59

10. Polonious Advice 76

11. Grandpa fights an Ostrich 80

12. The Poet and the Pauper 88

13. Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening 97

14. Old Blockhead repairs his House 103

15. How it all began 110

16. Where the Mind is without Fear 118

17. On Saying Please 123

18. The Never-Never Nest 137

Vocabulary and Pronunciation

C. Notice the difference in the pronunciation of these two words- ‘cease’

* The teacher will read aloud the poem.

* The teacher will read aloud the poem.

Vocabulary and Pronunciation

............... ............... ............... ...............

............... ............... ............... ...............

............... ............... ............... ...............

............... ............... ............... ...............

............... ............... ............... ...............

............... ............... ............... ...............

............... ............... ............... ...............

............... ............... ............... ...............

3. Say these words and notice the difference in their pronunciation.

............... ............... ............... ...............

............... ............... ............... ...............

............... ............... ............... ...............

• the bride and bridegroom

• the decoration of the venue

• the food items

homespun _ homemade _

homesick _ homeward _

homegrown _ homecoming _

homestead _ hometown _