PLAGIARISM SCAN REPORT

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Various epidemiological surveys have been conducted in India. The use of alcohol has varied from 2.2% (Dube & Handa 1969)
to 74.2% (Deb & Jindal 1974). It is significantly depicted in the research conducted conducted by various researchers. The
former research was conducted around the city of Agra in U.P and the latter in the Bhatinda district of Punjab. Moreover
various studies have clearly indicated that the high tendency or tilt of university or college going students towards alcohol and
various substance abuse. A research conducted by Gergon, and others(1972) revealed that out of a sample size of 5,000
college students 36 percent used marijuana. Another study carried out in U.S.A. by Strimber Jerry and others (1974) targeted a
large sample size of 24,609 University students in which the outcome of that study indicate that 46.3% used alcohol, 26.3%
used tobacco and 15.5% used marijuana. A study entitled "drug usage trends among college students" (1975) conducted
among 1,585 students at University of Maryland indicated that 87% of the subjects used alcohol, 62% marijuana, 59%
hashish.". Another study conducted by Rebello ( 1988) postulates that in India out of total drug addicts or abusers 87.6%
belongs to the age group of 14 to 25 years which is the matter of great concern and out of these addicts 30 of them is gulped
by the death daily silently. A study conducted between students of professional college and non- professional students in
state of Tamil Nadu by Savitri (1985) in order to find out psychological reasons and causes of substance addiction during the
period of 1979-1983 observed that students of professional courses have comparatively less time than those of non-
professional courses students due to which drug addiction among professional courses enrolled students is less than those
of non professional course enrolled students. The major reason for such behavior according to researcher was that the
students enrolled in non professional courses have more time of leisure to spend which they eventually use in other manner.
Moreover in her study she added another finding that parental attitudes are one of the major reasons why the drug addiction
among Indian students is increasing. The base for her findings was that those students who are drug addicts have hailed from
such families that suffering from one or other social problems. in her study it was observed that 35 percent of the students
used drugs that increase their concentration level in order to decrease their exam stress. Most commonly and widely used
drugs in Indian subcontinent is marijuana group of drugs like bhang, ganja, hashish and charas as researched by Lather (
1993) on the students in the city of Bangalore moreover in his study he added that 15% students is reportedly addicted to one
or other form of substance out of the college comprising of 50,000 students. Another study on 576 students at Delhi
University, Mohan et al. (1977) defined drug abuse as a “state of inability to do without drugs arising from repeated
administration of drugs, on a periodic or continuous basis”, experimental user as “using one or more substances once a
month or less often”, regular user as, “those taking one or more drugs at least once a week or more often”, and addiction as
“inability to stay without using one or more drugs” his study clearly indicates that the trend in substance abuse in male that
too living in hostels of different college. Another study conducted by Mohan et al. (1984) covered the sample of 105 addicts
brought to AIIMS for treatment during the period of 3 years found that in India day by day the cases of drug abusers is
increasing due to certain reasons and out of such increasing population in half the college students. Study done by U.S based
researcher Emrich (1992) presents with various reasons why students or a person of teen age is getting more and more
indulged in substance abuse. In his research he found that factors that are correlated with drug abuse are "parental use of
alcohol, lack of closeness to parents, high level of peer group involvement, unemployed father and one or both parents
missing. The absence of any carefully organized meaningful employment programmes for adolescents, according to him,
negatively affected self-esteem of young people, led to close peer attachments, and fostered open rebellion towards the adult
world". Human curiosity and easy availability was also considered as an important reason for substance abuse among Indian
youth according to research done by Latehar(1993) and Chakraborty et al ( 1980) respectively. Study conducted by Singh and
Singh (1980) among sample of 520 students of Punjab University found out that alcohol is the most preferred substance
Singh (1980) among sample of 520 students of Punjab University found out that alcohol is the most preferred substance
among the college students. Moreover cannabis, amphetamines, tranquillizers and sedatives were used by a great number of
students. Additionally in his findings he added that among the addicts there were more male students as compared to female
students for which he raised the possibility that the constraints that the society implicit on the female is one of the major
reason why the number of female addicts is less than male addicts. Study carried out by Prashant (1993) in his research
answered the major question that in which family chance of substance addicts is more nuclear family or joint family.
Answering to this question in his research he stated that chances of substance abuse is more in the case of joint family
(65.19%) than compared to nuclear family. The reason

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