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Irrespective of the language, culture or social norms of a specific region, there are certain integral values
that remain unchanged across borders and divides. For instance, nowhere in the world have we ever
seen masses demanding widespread anarchy and disorder; on the contrary, world over people want a
functional system of governance to maintain rule of law in the society. Accordingly, it seems safe to
assume that to see order and stability in the society is something that is inherent to all human beings. It
is this integral need that propels us all to rally behind political leaders, cheer for them during
processions and vote for them during elections – all the time hoping that the leader of our choice will
bring prosperity once s/he is in power. However, our desire to see betterment in the society is not time
bound and so it does not cease to exist upon casting the vote. This desire continues even after a new
government is in place, driving us to scrutinize policies and actions of our governments and leaders. It is
this drive for constant improvement in the environment around us that gives rise to another integral
value that people across the world hold dear: accountability.
کسی خاص خطے کی زبان ،ثقافت یا معاشرتی
اصولوں سے قطع نظر ،کچھ ایسی الزمی اقدار ہیں
جو سرحدوں اور پاروں کے پار بدلی جاتی ہیں۔
مثال کے طور پر ،ہم نے دنیا میں کہیں بھی
نہیں دیکھا ہے کہ بڑے پیمانے پر انتشار اور
عارضے کا مطالبہ کرتے ہو۔ اس کے برعکس ،دنیا
بھر کے لوگ معاشرے میں قانون کی حکمرانی کو
برقرار رکھنے کے لئے حکومت کا ایک عملی نظام
چاہتے ہیں۔ اس کے مطابق ،یہ سمجھنا محفوظ ہے
کہ معاشرے میں نظم و ضبط اور استحکام کو
دیکھنا ایسی چیز ہے جو تمام انسانوں میں فطری
ہے۔ یہ الزمی ضرورت ہے کہ ہم سب کو سیاسی
رہنماؤں کے پیچھے جلوس نکالنے ،جلوسوں کے
دوران ان کی خوشی منانے اور انتخابات کے
دوران ان کو ووٹ دینے کی ترغیب دیتی ہے -ہر
وقت امید ہے کہ ہمارے انتخابی رہنما اقتدار
میں آنے کے بعد خوشحالی الئیں گے۔ تاہم ،
معاشرے میں بہتری دیکھنے کی ہماری خواہش وقت
کا پابند نہیں ہے اور اس لئے ووٹ ڈالنے کے
بعد اس کا وجود ختم نہیں ہوتا ہے۔ یہ خواہش
نئی حکومت کے قیام کے بعد بھی جاری ہے ،جو
ہمیں اپنی حکومتوں اور رہنماؤں کی پالیسیوں
اور اقدامات کی جانچ پڑتال کرنے پر مجبور
کرتی ہے۔ ہمارے آس پاس کے ماحول میں مستقل
بہتری النے کی یہی مہم ہے جو ایک اور الزمی
قیمت کو جنم دیتی ہے جسے پوری دنیا میں لوگ
عزیز رکھتے ہیں :احتساب۔
Accountability, by many, is considered the fourth leg of the metaphorical chair of good governance. It
helps the masses to evaluate the effectiveness of public officials and public offices, ensures that they are
performing to their full potential and ensures that at any given point in time there is enough public
pressure on the political leaders to be responsive to the community they are meant to serve.
Accountability appears in various facets while talking about a country; Political accountability is the
accountability of the government, civil servants and politicians to the public and to legislative bodies
such as a congress or a parliament. Ethical Accountability - Within an organization, the principles and
practices of ethical accountability aim to improve both the internal standard of individual and group
conduct as well as external factors, such as sustainable economic and ecologic strategies.
Administrative accountability - Internal rules and norms as well as some independent commission are
mechanisms to hold civil servants within the administration of government accountable. Within
department or ministry, firstly, behavior is bound by rules and regulations; secondly, civil servants are
subordinates in a hierarchy and accountable to superiors. Nonetheless, there are independent
"watchdog" units to scrutinize and hold departments accountable; legitimacy of these commissions is
built upon their independence, as it avoids any conflicts of interests.
Economic Accountability - In Pakistan there are a number of institutions whose sole or partial purpose is
to ensure that the government and its officials run the affairs of the state as transparently as possible.
There are also specialized institutions where general people can lodge a complaint or register a concern
that we might have regarding the functioning of the government. Most of us here in Pakistan are well
aware of the National Accountability Bureau (NAB). With its offices in all the major cities of the country,
NAB is Pakistan’s apex anti-corruption organization. Any and every Pakistani citizen is eligible to
approach NAB with evidence against guilty government office holders, whether political or bureaucratic.
The icing on the cake for the informer is that if the corrupt official is convicted because of his/her tip,
NAB will also reward him/her!
While NAB is the primary government organization entrusted with the task of ensuring transparency,
other public institutions include Public Accounts Committee, the Judicial Commission, Election
Commission of Pakistan, Ombudsman institutions, the Federal Investigation Agency and various
provincial agencies. For economic governance, there is another set of institutions: the State Bank of
Pakistan, the Competition Commission of Pakistan and the Securities and Exchange Commission of
Pakistan. Pakistan has 12 independent ombudsman institutions representing general and specific
mandates at both federal and provincial levels, such as taxation, workplace harassment, insurance and
banking. All of them are members of the Forum of Pakistan Ombudsman (FPO) – a non-political
network, operating for the advancement of good governance across Pakistan by sharing knowledge,
building capacity for institutional effectiveness and raising awareness about these institutions. The
promulgation of the Ombudsman Institutional Reform Act 2013 gave OIs administrative and financial
autonomy, and provides a strong framework to support effective implementation of Ombudsman’s
decisions.
The Federal Ombudsman (FO) has processed about 1.07 million complaints over the course of its 30-
year existence, including some high profile cases (e.g. maladministration causing an outbreak of
measles; extraordinary delays in issuing Machine Readable Passports; and the nonpayment of pensions).
Last year, the FO decided 64,000 cases, of which less than 1% complainants have filed review petitions,
and the implementation rate on decided cases stands at 90%. Though complaints are received from
both genders however, only 11% are from women. Sector-wise, the majority are from Water and Power
Development Authority, Sui-Northern Gas Pipelines Ltd., Pakistan Telecommunications Company Ltd.,
and Allama Iqbal Open University.