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Objectives
Introduction
Extraction
0.24 g of unknown sample and 0.12 g benzoic acid was weight and placed in a
test tube.10 ml of ether was added to the mixture and was shakes to dissolve
the mixture.The solution then transferred to separatory funnel and 5ml of 1 M
NaOH was added, with the cap tight, the layers was mixed by swirling and
shaking for 30 minutes. Pressure was vent by titling the funnel and opening the
stop cork.It was shakes again after closed the stop cork. The mixture was
leaved to standto allow the layers to separate. The aqueous layer was drain into
Erlenmeyer flask and was labeled as first extraction NaOH.5 ml of the 1 M
NaOH solution was added to the ether layer in the funnel and the step I-IV was
repeated and labeled as second extraction NaOH.
Filtration
The flask was taken to the hood and by using glass rod slowly stirring when 6
M HCl was added into each Erlenmeyer flask until the solution was acidic by
using blue litmus paper.The flask then was taken to cool in an ice bath for
about 15 minutes or until thoroughly chilled.The solid benzoic acid was
collected using Buchner funnel and filter flask.2-3 ml water was used to wash
and allowing the suction to continue for five minutes to get solid as dry as
possible.It was scratched gently into watch glass and was put into oven for
complete dryness.The solid was weight and obtain melting point.
Remove NaOH
Calculations
From the result,melting point of unknown sample is 165℃ which was the
nearest to value of melting point of triphenylmethanol which is 163℃. We get
value of meting point higher than the literature melting point of
triphenylmethanol maybe because the melting point apparatus was still hot
when we used.Therefore,it does affect our value of melting point. The percent
recovery of benzoic acid and unknown sample (triphenylmethanol) is not 100%
which is 17.32% and 50.59% respectively. This is cause by the process of
extraction and filtration which the solution does not fully extract by NaOH.The
process of recrystallizing is also incomplete which precipitate can not fully
formed. Next, the drying agent which is anhydrous sodium sulfate bottle was
not fully absorbed the water contains as the bottle was leave to open which
cause ineffectiveness of drying agent.
Conclusion
References
Question
3. Draw the structure of the product when benzoic acid reacts with sodium
hydroxide. Why is the product of this reaction easily extracted into H2O,while
the original benzoic acid is not so easily extracted into H2O?
This is because the stronger OH-, removes a hydrogen H+ to form a salt, the
polar salt is soluble in aueous solution, both OH- and benzoate are bases, the
stronger bases takes H+ from the weaker base.
4. Why does benzoic acid precipitate out when the aqueous layer is acidified
with HCl?
This is because the benzoic ion is stronger than Cl-, so each one takes H+
from HCl,the acid forms are not water soluble, so they precipitate out from
solution.