Design of Bridge 01

SEPAKAT SETIA PERUNDING SDN BHD (14142-M)
CONSULTING ENGINNERS
PROJECT : PERLIS PORT BRIDGE

DETAIL : 35mX50mX35m CONTINUOUS SPANS
JOB NUMBER :
Designed : MB Date :
Checked : Dr LEE Date :
File name : PERLISB40
S40T1 - EDGE BEAM (T1)
DESIGN DATA :
(I) Number Of Stage For Stressing = 2 Stages
(II) Concrete Properties for Precast Beam:
(a) 1st Stage : (i) Concrete Cube Strength fci1 = 30 N/mm2

(ii) Modulus of Elasticity Ec1 = 28 kN/mm2
(b) 2nd Stage : (i) Concrete Cube Strength fci2 = 50 N/mm2
(ii) Modulus of Elasticity Ec2 = 34 kN/mm2
(c) 28 days (i) Concrete Cube Strength fcu = 50 N/mm2
(ii) Modulus of Elasticity Ecu = 34 kN/mm2
(III) Prestressing Strands Properties :
(a) Strand Diameter fs = 12.7 mm

(b) Cross Section Area As = 98.7 mm2
(c) Mudulus of Elasticity Es = 195 kN/mm2
(d) U.T.S per Strand PUTS = 184 kN
(e) Co-efficient of Friction m = 0.3 /rad
(f) Wobble Factor K= 0.0033 rad/m
(g) Average Anchorage Draw in draw-in = 6 mm
(IV) Prestressing Losses Data:
(a) Relaxation of Strand Cable (At 1000 hours) = 2.5 % of Jacking Force
(b) Creep of Concrete per unit Length ec = 0.000036 per N/mm2
(c) Shrinkage per unit Length es = 0.0002
(d) Creep reduction Coefficient k= 0.43
SEPAKAT SETIA PERUNDING (14142-M)
POST-TENSIONED BEAM DESIGN - Calculation of Post-Tensioning Cable Profile JOB NO :
Project : PERLIS PORT BRIDGE Designed : MB Date :

Detail : 35mX50mX35m CONTINUOUS SPANS Checked : Dr LEE Date :
Filename : PERLISB40
(1) CALCULATION OF POST-TENSIONED CABLES PROFILE
(a) Input Data

Effective Span Leff = 39.00 m
Beam Length Lbeam = 39.60 m
Cable Length Lcable = 39.60 m
Nos. of Cables = 4 (MAX 4 NOS)
(b) Cable Profile Formula
(i) Formulae used for computing cable profile :
Y0 = Ym + (Ye - Ym) * (X0/Half beam length)2
(ii) Formulae used for computing cable angle at anchorage :
Angle = arctan(2 * Drape / Half beam length)

Drape = Ye - Ym
where, Y0 = Height of centre-line of cable from soffit at distance X0 from midspan.

Ye = Height of centre-line of cable from soffit at beam end.
Ym = Height of centre-line of cable from soffit at beam end.
(2) CABLE INFO
Height of centre-line of cable Cable angle Total Nos of

Cable from soffit of beam Drape at anghorage Strands
Mark (mm) Ye - Y m per Cable
Ye Ym (mm) (degree) (nos)

Cable A 1875.00 460.00 1415.00 8.134 19
Cable B 1525.00 340.00 1185.00 6.826 19
Cable C 1175.00 220.00 955.00 5.510 19
Cable D 825.00 100.00 725.00 4.188 19
76
(3) CALCULATION OF CABLE PROFILE
Height of centre-line of cable

Distance from from soffit of beam
(mm)
Cable angle 8.134 6.826 5.510 4.188
Support Midspan at anchorage
X (m) X0 (m) Cable Mark A B C D
Nos. Of Strands 19 19 19 19
Section 1 19.500 0.000 460 340 220 100

Section 2 18.500 1.000 464 343 222 102
Section 3 17.500 2.000 474 352 230 107
Section 4 16.500 3.000 492 367 242 117
Section 5 15.500 4.000 518 388 259 130
Section 6 14.500 5.000 550 416 281 146
Section 7 13.500 6.000 590 449 308 167
Section 8 12.500 7.000 637 488 339 191
Section 9 11.500 8.000 691 533 376 218
Section 10 10.500 9.000 752 585 417 250
Section 11 9.500 10.000 821 642 464 285
Section 12 8.500 11.000 897 706 515 324
Section 13 7.500 12.000 980 775 571 366
Section 14 6.500 13.000 1070 851 632 413
Section 15 5.500 14.000 1167 932 697 462
Section 16 4.500 15.000 1272 1020 768 516
Section 17 3.500 16.000 1384 1114 844 573
Section 18 2.500 17.000 1503 1214 924 634
Section 19 1.500 18.000 1629 1319 1009 699
Section 20 0.500 19.000 1763 1431 1099 768
Section 21 0.000 19.500 1832 1489 1146 803
Section 22 -0.300 19.800 1875 1525 1175 825
SEPAKAT SETIA PERUNDING SDN. BHD. (14142-M)
Consulting Engineers
Summary of Computer Analysis Output for Post-tensioned Beam Design Job No. :
Summary of Computer Analysis Output for Post-tensioned Beam Design

(i) Beam Type = S40T1 (SAG)

(ii) Beam Position = ELE 49 TO 56
(iii) Effective Span /Length Between Centreline of Bearings Leff = 39.000 m
(iv) Section Modulus : @ Bottom Fibre of Precast Beam Zb = 4.375E+09 mm3
(v) Section Modulus : @ Bottom Fibre of Composite Beam Zb,p = 5.369E+08 mm3
(vi) Precast Beam Selfweight wpre = 19.779 kN/m
(vii) Deck Slab Selfweight wslab = 7.750 kN/m
NOTE : UDLMoment =w/2(Lx) (Leff-Lx)

UDL Shear w (Leff/2-Lx)
MAXIMUM BENDING MOMENT WITH CO-EXISTING SHEAR FOR PRESTRESSING DESIGN

(1a) SUMMARY OF THE NOMINAL MOMENT FOR DEAD LOAD, SUPERIMPOSED DEAD LOAD AND LIVE LOADING
NOMINAL - MOMENT NOMINAL MAXIMUM MOMENT (KNm)

Distance Nominal Moment Due to Nominal Moment Due to NOMINAL LIVE LOADING MOMENT (kNm)
from Dead Load Superimposed Dead Load HA1001 - HAHB4501 -
Support Precast Insitu Slab Total Diaphragm Parapet, Kerb Premix DS.CR,DSETT Total COMPUTER ANALYSIS OUTPUT
Section Lx (m) Beam Beam & Services Unfactored Unfactored Unfactored Unfactored
Support 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -70.97 5.68 0.00 -65.29 223.90 0.00 342.70 0.00
1/8 4.88 1645.22 644.64 2289.86 0.00 286.80 190.10 347.25 824.15 1580.00 0.00 2382.00 0.00
2/8 9.75 2820.38 1105.10 3925.48 0.00 496.50 307.70 694.50 1498.70 2745.00 0.00 4300.00 0.00
3/8 14.63 3525.47 1381.38 4906.85 0.00 581.20 356.50 1041.75 1979.45 3226.00 0.00 4300.00 0.00
Mid Span 19.50 3760.51 1473.47 5233.97 0.00 1300.00 700.00 1100.00 3100.00 3382.00 0.00 4300.00 0.00
5/8 24.38 3525.47 1381.38 4906.85 0.00 408.30 245.10 1736.29 2389.69 2741.00 0.00 4300.00 0.00
6/8 29.25 2820.38 1105.10 3925.48 0.00 139.70 85.87 2083.55 2309.12 1733.00 0.00 3349.00 0.00
7/8 34.13 1645.22 644.64 2289.86 0.00 -276.10 -140.40 2430.80 2014.30 412.40 0.00 556.20 0.00
Support 2 39.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -869.70 -431.10 -717.27 -2018.07 -1975.00 0.00 -4009.00 0.00
(1b) SUMMARY OF THE NOMINAL CO-EXISTING SHEAR FORCE FOR DEAD LOAD, SUPERIMPOSED DEAD LOAD AND LIVE LOADING
NOMINAL - SHEAR NOMINAL CO-EXISITING SHEAR FORCE (kN) FOR MAXIMUM MOMENT
Distance Nominal Shear Force Due to Nominal Shear Force Due to NOMINAL LIVE LOADING SHEAR (kN)
from Dead Load Superimposed Dead Load HA1001 - HAHB4501 -
Support Precast Insitu Slab Total Diaphragm Parapet, Kerb Premix DS.CR,DSETT Total COMPUTER ANALYSIS OUTPUT
Support 1 0.00 385.69 151.13 536.82 70.00 92.37 44.39 50.00 256.76 42.63 0.00 105.80 0.00
1/8 4.88 289.27 113.34 402.61 0.00 61.78 30.69 77.11 169.58 239.20 0.00 454.50 0.00
2/8 9.75 192.85 75.56 268.41 0.00 35.81 16.61 83.36 135.78 98.81 0.00 96.39 0.00
3/8 14.63 96.42 37.78 134.20 0.00 12.10 2.34 89.61 104.05 -25.21 0.00 7.40 0.00
Mid Span 19.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -11.59 -11.92 -95.86 -119.37 -132.00 0.00 -350.40 0.00
5/8 24.38 -96.42 -37.78 -134.20 0.00 -37.42 -26.02 -102.11 -165.55 -230.30 0.00 -389.20 0.00
6/8 29.25 -192.85 -75.56 -268.41 0.00 -67.58 -39.76 -108.36 -215.70 -294.70 0.00 -575.20 0.00
7/8 34.13 -289.27 -113.34 -402.61 0.00 -103.50 -53.03 -114.61 -271.14 -24.22 0.00 -663.10 0.00
Support 2 39.00 -385.69 -151.13 -536.82 -70.00 -140.00 -66.25 -120.86 -397.11 -412.60 0.00 -561.00 0.00
KKHONG (DEC 1998) Page 3

(2a) SUMMARY OF THE SLS MOMENT FOR DEAD LOAD, SUPERIMPOSED DEAD LOAD AND LIVE LOADING
S.L.S - MOMENT SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE MOMENT (KNm)

Distance Due to Dead Load Due to Superimposed Dead Load Due to Live Loading
from Precast Insitu Slab Total Diaphragm Parapet, Kerb Premix DS.CR,DSETT Total HA1001 - HAHB4501 -
Support Beam Beam & Services
SLS 1 SLS 1 SLS SLS 1 SLS 1 SLS 1 SLS1 SLS SLS 1 SLS 1 SLS 2 SLS 2
Section Lx (m) 1.000 1.000 - 1.000 1.000 1.200 1.000 - 1.20 1.20 1.00 1.00
Support 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -70.97 6.82 0.00 -64.15 268.68 0.00 342.70 0.00
1/8 4.88 1645.22 644.64 2289.86 0.00 286.80 228.12 347.25 862.17 1896.00 0.00 2382.00 0.00
2/8 9.75 2820.38 1105.10 3925.48 0.00 496.50 369.24 694.50 1560.24 3294.00 0.00 4300.00 0.00
3/8 14.63 3525.47 1381.38 4906.85 0.00 581.20 427.80 1041.75 2050.75 3871.20 0.00 4300.00 0.00
Mid Span 19.50 3760.51 1473.47 5233.97 0.00 1300.00 840.00 1100.00 3240.00 4058.40 0.00 4300.00 0.00
5/8 24.38 3525.47 1381.38 4906.85 0.00 408.30 294.12 1736.29 2438.71 3289.20 0.00 4300.00 0.00
6/8 29.25 2820.38 1105.10 3925.48 0.00 139.70 103.04 2083.55 2326.29 2079.60 0.00 3349.00 0.00
7/8 34.13 1645.22 644.64 2289.86 0.00 -276.10 -168.48 2430.80 1986.22 494.88 0.00 556.20 0.00
Support 2 39.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -869.70 -517.32 -717.27 -2104.29 -2370.00 0.00 -4009.00 0.00
(2b) SUMMARY OF THE SLS BOTTOM STRESS FOR DEAD LOAD, SUPERIMPOSED DEAD LOAD AND LIVE LOADING
S.L.S - STRESS (fb) SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE BOTTOM STRESS (N/mm2)

Distance Due to Dead Load Due to Superimposed Dead Load Due to Live Loading
SLS 1 SLS 1 SLS SLS 1 SLS 1 SLS 1 SLS1 SLS SLS 1 SLS 1 SLS 2 SLS 2
Section Lx (m) 1.000 1.000 - 1.000 1.000 1.200 1.000 - 1.200 1.200 1.000 1.000
Support 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.13 0.01 0.00 -0.12 0.50 0.00 0.64 0.00
1/8 4.88 0.38 0.15 0.52 0.00 0.53 0.42 0.65 1.61 3.53 0.00 4.44 0.00
2/8 9.75 0.64 0.25 0.90 0.00 0.92 0.69 1.29 2.91 6.13 0.00 8.01 0.00
3/8 14.63 0.81 0.32 1.12 0.00 1.08 0.80 1.94 3.82 7.21 0.00 8.01 0.00
Mid Span 19.50 0.86 0.34 1.20 0.00 2.42 1.56 2.05 6.03 7.56 0.00 8.01 0.00
5/8 24.38 0.81 0.32 1.12 0.00 0.76 0.55 3.23 4.54 6.13 0.00 8.01 0.00
6/8 29.25 0.64 0.25 0.90 0.00 0.26 0.19 3.88 4.33 3.87 0.00 6.24 0.00
7/8 34.13 0.38 0.15 0.52 0.00 -0.51 -0.31 4.53 3.70 0.92 0.00 1.04 0.00
Support 2 39.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.62 -0.96 -1.34 -3.92 -4.41 0.00 -7.47 0.00
(2c) SUMMARY OF THE SLS BOTTOM STRESS FOR SUPERIMPOSED DEAD LOAD + LIVE LOADING
S.L.S - fb(SDL+LL) SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE BOTTOM STRESS (N/mm 2)
Distance SDL + Live Loading

from
Support SDL + HA1001 SDL + - SDL + HAHB4501 SDL + -
Section Lx (m)
Support 1 0.00 0.38 0.00 0.52 0.00

1/8 4.88 5.14 0.00 6.04 0.00
2/8 9.75 9.04 0.00 10.91 0.00
3/8 14.63 11.03 0.00 11.83 0.00
Mid Span 19.50 13.59 0.00 14.04 0.00
5/8 24.38 10.67 0.00 12.55 0.00
6/8 29.25 8.21 0.00 10.57 0.00
7/8 34.13 4.62 0.00 4.74 0.00
Support 2 39.00 -8.33 0.00 -11.39 0.00

(3a) SUMMARY OF THE ULS MOMENT FOR DEAD LOAD, SUPERIMPOSED DEAD LOAD + LIVE LOADING
U.L.S-DESIGN Moment ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE MOMENT (KNm)

Distance Due to Dead Load Due to Superimposed Dead Load ULS LIVE LOADING MOMENT (kNm)
ULS 1 ULS 1 ULS ULS 1 ULS 1 ULS 1 ULS1 ULS ULS 1 ULS 1 ULS 1 ULS 1
Section Lx (m) 1.265 1.265 1.320 1.320 1.925 1.320 1.65 1.65 1.43 1.43
Support 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -93.68 10.94 0.00 -82.74 369.44 0.00 490.06 0.00
1/8 4.88 2081.20 815.47 2896.68 0.00 378.58 365.94 458.37 1202.89 2607.00 0.00 3406.26 0.00
2/8 9.75 3567.78 1397.95 4965.73 0.00 655.38 592.32 916.74 2164.44 4529.25 0.00 6149.00 0.00
3/8 14.63 4459.72 1747.44 6207.17 0.00 767.18 686.26 1375.11 2828.56 5322.90 0.00 6149.00 0.00
Mid Span 19.50 4757.04 1863.94 6620.98 0.00 1716.00 1347.50 1452.00 4515.50 5580.30 0.00 6149.00 0.00
5/8 24.38 4459.72 1747.44 6207.17 0.00 538.96 471.82 2291.90 3302.68 4522.65 0.00 6149.00 0.00
6/8 29.25 3567.78 1397.95 4965.73 0.00 184.40 165.30 2750.29 3099.99 2859.45 0.00 4789.07 0.00
7/8 34.13 2081.20 815.47 2896.68 0.00 -364.45 -270.27 3208.66 2573.93 680.46 0.00 795.37 0.00
Support 2 39.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1148.00 -829.87 -946.80 -2924.67 -3258.75 0.00 -5732.87 0.00
(3b) SUMMARY OF THE ULS CO-EXISTING SHEAR FORCE FOR DEAD LOAD, SUPERIMPOSED DEAD LOAD + LIVE LOADING
U.L.S-DESIGN Shear ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE CO-EXISTING SHEAR FORCE (KN)

Distance Due to Dead Load Due to Superimposed Dead Load ULS LIVE LOADING SHEAR (kN)
ULS 1 ULS 1 ULS ULS 1 ULS 1 ULS 1 ULS1 ULS ULS 1 ULS 1 ULS 1 ULS 1
Section Lx (m) 1.265 1.265 1.320 1.320 1.925 1.320 1.65 1.65 1.43 1.43
Support 1 0.00 487.90 191.17 679.07 92.40 121.93 85.45 66.00 365.78 70.34 0.00 151.29 0.00
1/8 4.88 365.93 143.38 509.31 0.00 81.55 59.08 101.79 242.41 394.68 0.00 649.94 0.00
2/8 9.75 243.95 95.59 339.54 0.00 47.27 31.97 110.04 189.28 163.04 0.00 137.84 0.00
3/8 14.63 121.98 47.79 169.77 0.00 15.97 4.51 118.29 138.77 -41.60 0.00 10.58 0.00
Mid Span 19.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -15.30 -22.95 -126.54 -164.78 -217.80 0.00 -501.07 0.00
5/8 24.38 -121.98 -47.79 -169.77 0.00 -49.39 -50.09 -134.79 -234.27 -380.00 0.00 -556.56 0.00
6/8 29.25 -243.95 -95.59 -339.54 0.00 -89.21 -76.54 -143.04 -308.78 -486.26 0.00 -822.54 0.00
7/8 34.13 -365.93 -143.38 -509.31 0.00 -136.62 -102.08 -151.29 -389.99 -39.96 0.00 -948.23 0.00
Support 2 39.00 -487.90 -191.17 -679.07 -92.40 -184.80 -127.53 -159.54 -564.27 -680.79 0.00 -802.23 0.00
(3c) SUMMARY OF THE ULS TOTAL MOMENT AND TOTAL CO-EXISTING SHEAR FORCE FOR DEAD LOAD, SUPERIMPOSED DEAD LOAD + LIVE LOADING
U.L.S-DESIGN TOTAL MOMENT & SHEAR FOR U.L.S-DESIGN

Distance DL + SDL + LIVE LOAD
from
Support
HA1001 - HAHB4501 -
Moment Shear Moment Shear Moment Shear Moment Shear
Section Lx (m) (kNm) (kN) (kNm) (kN) (kNm) (kN) (kNm) (kN)
Support 1 0.00 286.69 1115.19 0.00 0.00 407.32 1196.15 0.00 0.00
1/8 4.88 6706.57 1146.40 0.00 0.00 7505.83 1401.65 0.00 0.00
2/8 9.75 11659.43 691.85 0.00 0.00 13279.18 666.65 0.00 0.00
3/8 14.63 14358.62 266.94 0.00 0.00 15184.72 319.11 0.00 0.00
Mid Span 19.50 16716.78 -382.58 0.00 0.00 17285.48 -665.85 0.00 0.00
5/8 24.38 14032.49 -784.03 0.00 0.00 15658.84 -960.59 0.00 0.00
6/8 29.25 10925.17 -1134.57 0.00 0.00 12854.79 -1470.85 0.00 0.00
7/8 34.13 6151.07 -939.26 0.00 0.00 6265.98 -1847.53 0.00 0.00
Support 2 39.00 -6183.42 -1924.13 0.00 0.00 -8657.54 -2045.57 0.00 0.00

MAXIMUM SHEAR FORCE WITH CO-EXISTING MOMENT FOR SHEAR REINFORCEMENT DESIGN
(4a) SUMMARY OF THE NOMINAL CO-EXSITING MOMENT WITH MAXIMUM SHEAR FOR DEAD LOAD, SUPERIMPOSED DEAD LOAD AND LIVE LOADING
NOMINAL - MOMENT NOMINAL CO-EXISITING MOMENT (kNm)

Distance Nominal Moment Due to Nominal Moment Due to NOMINAL LIVE LOADING MOMENT (kNm)
from Dead Load Superimposed Dead Load HAHB4511 HAHB4512 - -
Support Precast Insitu Slab Total Diaphragm Parapet, Kerb Premix DS,CR,DSEET Total COMPUTER ANALYSIS OUTPUT
Support 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -70.97 5.68 0.00 -65.29 -271.00 186.70 0.00 0.00
1/8 4.88 1645.22 644.64 2289.86 0.00 286.80 190.10 347.25 824.15 1954.00 -150.50 0.00 0.00
2/8 9.75 2820.38 1105.10 3925.48 0.00 496.50 307.70 694.50 1498.70 2525.00 2613.00 0.00 0.00
3/8 14.63 3525.47 1381.38 4906.85 0.00 581.20 356.50 1041.75 1979.45 3154.00 1763.00 0.00 0.00
Mid Span 19.50 3760.51 1473.47 5233.97 0.00 551.80 335.70 1389.03 2276.53 3876.00 4397.00 0.00 0.00
5/8 24.38 3525.47 1381.38 4906.85 0.00 408.30 245.10 1736.29 2389.69 549.80 3602.00 0.00 0.00
6/8 29.25 2820.38 1105.10 3925.48 0.00 139.70 85.87 2083.55 2309.12 357.10 2541.00 0.00 0.00
7/8 34.13 1645.22 644.64 2289.86 0.00 -276.10 -140.40 2430.80 2014.30 496.60 567.00 0.00 0.00
Support 2 39.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -869.70 -431.10 -717.27 -2018.07 -2630.00 661.60 0.00 0.00
(4b) SUMMARY OF THE NOMINAL MAXIMUM SHEAR FORCE FOR DEAD LOAD, SUPERIMPOSED DEAD LOAD AND LIVE LOADING
NOMINAL - SHEAR NOMINAL MAXIMUM SHEAR FORCE (kN)

Distance Nominal Shear Force Due to Nominal Shear Force Due to NOMINAL LIVE LOADING SHEAR (kN)
from Dead Load Superimposed Dead Load HAHB4511 HAHB4512 - -
Support Precast Insitu Slab Total Diaphragm Parapet, Kerb Premix DS,CR,DSEET Total COMPUTER ANALYSIS OUTPUT
Support 1 0.00 385.69 151.13 536.82 70.00 92.37 44.39 50.00 256.76 459.20 -71.14 0.00 0.00
1/8 4.88 289.27 113.34 402.61 0.00 61.78 30.69 77.11 169.58 457.70 -68.46 0.00 0.00
2/8 9.75 192.85 75.56 268.41 0.00 35.81 16.61 83.36 135.78 296.90 -174.60 0.00 0.00
3/8 14.63 96.42 37.78 134.20 0.00 12.10 2.34 89.61 104.05 246.40 -170.20 0.00 0.00
Mid Span 19.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -11.59 -11.92 -95.86 -119.37 70.24 -421.60 0.00 0.00
5/8 24.38 -96.42 -37.78 -134.20 0.00 -37.42 -26.02 -102.11 -165.55 60.07 -425.90 0.00 0.00
6/8 29.25 -192.85 -75.56 -268.41 0.00 -67.58 -39.76 -108.36 -215.70 28.79 -645.10 0.00 0.00
7/8 34.13 -289.27 -113.34 -402.61 0.00 -103.50 -53.03 -114.61 -271.14 33.84 -655.80 0.00 0.00
Support 2 39.00 -385.69 -151.13 -536.82 -70.00 -140.00 -66.25 -120.86 -397.11 -655.80 33.84 0.00 0.00
(4c) ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE FACTORS FOR SHEAR REINFORCEMENT DESIGN
ULS FACTORS DEAD LOAD & SUPERIMPOSED DEAD LOAD ULS FACTORS LIVE LOADING ULS FACTORS
Precast Insitu Slab - Diaphragm Parapet, Kerb Premix DS,CR,DSEET - HAHB4511 HAHB4512 - -
Elements
Beam Beam & Services
Load Combinations ULS 1 ULS 1 - ULS 1 ULS 1 ULS 1 ULS1 - ULS1 ULS1 ULS 1 ULS 1
gf3*gfL 1.265 1.265 - 1.320 1.320 1.925 1.320 - 1.43 1.43 0.00 0.00
(4d) SUMMARY OF THE ULS TOTAL CO-EXSITING MOMENT AND TOTAL MAXIMUM SHEAR FORCE FOR SHEAR DESIGN
SHEAR DESIGN (ULS) TOTAL CO-EXISITING MOMENT & MAXIMUM SHEAR FOR SHEAR DESIGN
Distance DL + SDL + LIVE LOAD
from
Support
HAHB4511 HAHB4512 - -
Moment Shear Moment Shear Moment Shear Moment Shear
Section Lx (m) (kNm) (kN) (kNm) (kN) (kNm) (kN) (kNm) (kN)
Support 1 0.00 -470.27 1701.51 184.24 943.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1/8 4.88 6893.79 1406.23 3884.35 653.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2/8 9.75 10740.93 953.38 10866.77 279.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3/8 14.63 13545.94 660.89 11556.81 65.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Mid Span 19.50 15371.78 -64.34 16116.81 -767.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
5/8 24.38 10296.06 -318.14 14660.70 -1013.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
6/8 29.25 8576.38 -607.15 11699.35 -1570.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
7/8 34.13 6180.75 -850.90 6281.42 -1837.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Support 2 39.00 -6685.57 -2181.14 -1978.58 -1194.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Post-Tensioning - Calculation of Post-tensioned Prestress Losses and Differential Shrinkage @ SLS Job No. :
Calculation of Prestress Losses & Differential Shrinkage At SLS

For PRECAST POST-TENSIONED PRESTRESSED BEAM Design
Design Data : Lbeam
x
S40T1 BEAM
(1) Spanning Length & Cable Length
(i) Total Beam Length Lbeam = 39.600 m
(ii) Edge of Precast Beam to Centreline of Bearing Pads Leff = Lbeam - 2x x = 0.300 m
(iii) Effective Span /Length Between Centreline of Bearings Leff = 39.000 m
(iv) Total Cable Length/Beam Length Lcable = 39.600 m
(2) Precast Beam Concrete Properties

(i) Number of Stage of Stressing (Max. = 2) Number of Stage = 2 Stages O.K.!
(ii) Concrete Cube Strength : @ 28 Days fcu = 50 N/mm2
@ Stage 1 Stressing fci1 = 30 N/mm2 O.K.!
@ Stage 2 Stressing fci2 = 50 N/mm2
(iii) Modulus Of Elasticity of Concrete : @ 28 Days Ecu = 34.0 kN/mm2
@ Stage 1 Stressing Ec1 = 28.0 kN/mm2 O.K.!
@ Stage 2 Stressing Ec2 = 34.0 kN/mm2 O.K.!
(iv) Concrete Density gcon = 24.0 kN/mm3
(3) Section Properties Of Precast Beam

(i) Cross Sectional Area Ap = 824130 mm2
(ii) Total Height H = 2125 mm
(iii) Centriod of Precast Beam To Bottom Fibre yb = 1112.3 mm
(iv) Centriod of Precast Beam To Top Fibre yt = 1012.7 mm
(v) Moment of Inertia Ipxx = 4.86580E+12 mm4
(vi) Section Modulus : @ Top Fibre of Precast Beam Zt = 4.8048E+09 mm3
(vii) Section Modulus : @ Bottom Fibre of Precast Beam Zb = 4.3745E+09 mm3
(viii) Selfweight of Precast Beam wpre = 19.779 kN/m
(4) Stressing Cable Properties

(i) Coefficient of Friction m = 0.3 /rad
(ii) Wobble Factor K = 0.0033 /m
(iii) Average Anchorage Draw in draw-in = 6 mm
(iv) Strand Diameter fs = 12.7 mm
(v) Ultimate Tensile Strength per Strand PUTS = 184.0 kN
(vi) Cross Sectional Area per Strand As = 98.7 mm2
(vii) Modulus of Elasticity of Strand Es = 195.0 kN/mm2
(5) Proposed Stressing Sequence

STAGE 1 : Stress Cable "A" to = 40 % of PUTS O.K.!
Stress Cable "B" to = 40 % of PUTS O.K.!
Stress Cable "C" to = 40 % of PUTS O.K.!
Stress Cable "D" to = 40 % of PUTS O.K.!
STAGE 2 : Stress Cable "A" to = 76 % of PUTS O.K.!

Stress Cable "B" to = 76 % of PUTS O.K.!
Stress Cable "C" to = 76 % of PUTS O.K.!
Stress Cable "D" to = 76 % of PUTS O.K.!
(6) Jacking Force Jacking Force , Pj (kN) = n(%of PUTS)

Cable Mark A B C D Total
Nos. Of Strands 19 19 19 19 76
pj1 Stage 1 1398.4 1398.4 1398.4 1398.4 5593.6
pj2 Stage 2 2657.0 2657.0 2657.0 2657.0 10627.8
KKHONG (OCT 1998) 7 of 21

(7) In-Situ Slab/Flange Properties

(i) Embedment of The Insitu Slab = 0 mm
(ii) Thickness of The In-situ Slab t = 180 mm
(iii) Width of the Top in-situ Slab lf = 1530 mm
(iv) Area of in-situ flange/slab Af = 275400 mm2
(v) Concrete Grade fc = 40 N/mm2
(vi) Modulus Elasticity of In-situ Ein-situ = 31.0 kN/mm2
(vii) SelfWeight Of In-Situ Slab wslab = 7.750 kN/m
(8) Composite Beam Section Properties

(a) Total Height of The Composite Hc = 2305 mm
(b) Cross Section Area Ac = 1150300 mm2
(c) Centroid from Soffit yb,c = 1419.28 mm
(d) Second Moment of Area Icxx = 7.6205E+11 mm4
(e) Section Moduli : @ Top of Composite section Zt,c = 8.6037E+08 mm3
(f) Section Moduli : @ Top of Precast Beam Zt,p = 1.0798E+09 mm3
(g) Section Moduli : @ Bottom of Top In-situ Slab Zb,s = 1.0798E+09 mm3
(h) Section Moduli : @ Bottom of Precast Beam Zb,p = 5.3693E+08 mm3
(9) Modular Ratio (Einsitu/Ecu2) m = 0.912
(10) Prestress Losses Calculation Data

(i) Maximum Relaxation of Strands after 1000 h durations % = 2.5 %
(ii) Creep of Concrete per Unit Length ec = 0.000036 per N/mm2
(iii) Shrinkage per Unit Length es = 2.00E-04
(iv) Allowed % of Final Losses at Stage 1 Transfer, Stage 2 Transfer and Stage 2 Service :
% of Total Final Losses During Stage 1 Stressing

Assumed Losses
During Stage 1 Stressing Occured During Stage 1 but Before Stage 2 Stressing
Friction Losses Draw-In Wegdes Elast. Shrt. - Steel Relaxation Shrinkage Creep
At Stage 1 Transfer
100 100 100 - 0 50 50
% of Total Final Losses During Stage 2 Stressing % of Total Final Losses @ Stage 1 Stressing
Assumed Losses
During Stage 2 Stressing Remaining from Stage 1
Friction Losses Draw-In Wegdes Elast. Shrt. Creep Loss Steel Relaxation Shrinkage Creep
At Stage 2 Transfer 100 100 100 50 100 50 50 O.K!
At Stage 2 Service 100 100 100 100 100 50 50
Total (%) of Loss From Stage 1 and Stage 2 100 100 100
(11) Post-Tensioning Cable Profile
Height of Centre-Line of Cables From Soffit of Beam

Distance of Section from (m)
End Conditions -1 * 1 * -1 * 1 *
Support Midspan Cable Mark A B C D Total
Lx (m) X0 (m) Nos. Of Strands 19 19 19 19 76
Near End Live End Dead End Live End Dead End e'
Beam Ends 19.800 Ye 1875.0 1525.0 1175.0 825.0 1350.0
0.000 19.500 1832.4 1489.4 1146.3 803.2 1317.8
4.875 14.625 1232.0 986.5 741.0 495.5 863.8
9.750 9.750 803.1 627.3 451.6 275.8 539.5
14.625 4.875 545.8 411.8 277.9 143.9 344.9
19.500 0.000 Ym 460.0 340.0 220.0 100.0 280.0
24.375 4.875 545.8 411.8 277.9 143.9 344.9
29.250 9.750 803.1 627.3 451.6 275.8 539.5
34.125 14.625 1232.0 986.5 741.0 495.5 863.8
39.000 19.500 1832.4 1489.4 1146.3 803.2 1317.8
Beam Ends 19.800 Ye 1875.0 1525.0 1175.0 825.0 1350.0
Far End Dead End Live End Dead End Live End
Note : * = Please Type " -1 " for Dead End of Cable is in the Far End and Type " 1 " for Dead End of Cable is in the Near End.
(12) Sum Of Cable Deviation Angle qsum = qsupport1 qmidspan+ qsupport2 = 2 * artanh [4(Drape)/Lbeam]
Cable Mark A B C D
Drape = Ye - Ym (mm) 1415.00 1185.00 955.00 725.00
qsum (rad) 0.2839 0.2383 0.1923 0.1462
Sum of Cable Angular Deviations (in radian),

Stage 1 Post Tensioning
Prestress Losses
(1) Immediate Losses
1(a) Friction Loss (BS 5400 : Part 4 : 1990 : CL. 6.7.3)
(i) Force Gradient

qsum 0.2839 0.2383 0.1923 0.1462
mqsum + KLcable 0.2159 0.2022 0.1884 0.1745
e-(mq + KLcable) 0.8058 0.8170 0.8283 0.8398
Total Loss of Prestr. Force due to Friction Losses

pfrict.Loss = (1 - e-(mq+KLcable))*pj1 pfrict.Loss (kN) 271.5 256.0 240.1 224.0 991.53
As a percentage of pj1 % of pj1 19.4 18.3 17.2 16.0 17.73
As a percentage of PUTS % of PUTS 7.8 7.3 6.9 6.4 7.09
Cable Force @ Dead End after Frict. Losses

pd = pj1 - pfrict.Loss pd (kN) 1126.9 1142.4 1158.3 1174.4 4602.07
Loss of Pres. Force per unit length/Force Gradient

dp = (pfrict.Loss/Lcable) dp (kN/m) 6.856 6.464 6.063 5.656 25.039
(ii) Cable Force Along Beam Length After Friction Losses
Distance of the section from A

Cable Mark B C D
Suppport Midpsan -1 *
Incre/decre. 1 * -1 * 1 * Total
Lx (m) X0 (m) dp (kN/m) -6.856 6.464 -6.063 5.656
Near End Live End Dead End Live End Dead End
Beam Ends 19.800 1398.4 1142.4 1398.4 1174.4 5113.7
0.000 19.500 SUPPORT 1 1396.3 1144.4 1396.6 1176.1 5113.4
4.875 14.625 1362.9 1175.9 1367.0 1203.7 5109.5
9.750 9.750 1329.5 1207.4 1337.5 1231.3 5105.6
14.625 4.875 1296.1 1238.9 1307.9 1258.8 5101.7
19.500 0.000 MIDSPAN 1262.6 1270.4 1278.3 1286.4 5097.8
24.375 4.875 1229.2 1301.9 1248.8 1314.0 5093.9
29.250 9.750 1195.8 1333.4 1219.2 1341.6 5090.0
34.125 14.625 1162.4 1365.0 1189.7 1369.1 5086.1
39.000 19.500 SUPPORT 2 1129.0 1396.5 1160.1 1396.7 5082.2
Beam Ends 19.800 1126.9 1398.4 1158.3 1398.4 5082.0
Note : * = Please Type " -1 " for Dead End of Cable is in the Far End and Type " 1 " for Dead End of Cable is in the Near End.

1(b) Prestressing Force Loss due to Draw-in Wedges (VSL Prestressing System)
(i) Distance affected by Draw-in Wedges from Live End
Distance affected by Draw-in Wedges from Live End,

w = (draw-in * Es * As * n /dp)1/2 w (m) 17.889 18.424 19.023 19.696 -
w < Lcable
Loss of Force @ Live Ends Due to Wedges Draw-in

pdraw-inLoss = 2 * w * dp pdraw-inLoss (kN) 245.30 238.17 230.68 222.79 936.95
(ii) Draw-in Wedges Losses Along Beam Length
Distance From pdraw-inLoss (kN)

Total, Pdraw-inLoss
Suppport Cable Mark
Lx (m) A B C D (kN) (% of Pj1) (% of PUTS)
0.000 241.19 0.00 227.04 0.00 468.23 8.37 3.35

4.875 174.34 0.00 167.93 0.00 342.27 6.12 2.45
9.750 107.49 0.00 108.81 0.00 216.30 3.87 1.55
14.625 40.64 0.00 49.69 0.00 90.34 1.62 0.65
19.500 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
24.375 0.00 45.24 0.00 53.97 99.21 1.77 0.71
29.250 0.00 108.26 0.00 109.11 217.37 3.89 1.55
34.125 0.00 171.28 0.00 164.26 335.53 6.00 2.40
39.000 0.00 234.29 0.00 219.40 453.69 8.11 3.24
For -ve Force Gradient, For +ve Force Gradient,

Lx < w pdraw-inLoss = 2 * dp * (w - Lx) (Lcable - Lx) < w, pdraw-inLoss = 2 * dp * ( w - (Lcable - Lx))
Lx >= w pdraw-inLoss = 0 (Lcable - Lx)>=w, pdraw-inLoss = 0
(iii) Cable Force Along Beam Length After Friction & Wedges Draw-in Losses
Distance From Cable Mark Allowable

Total
Suppport A B C D (% of PUTS)
Lx (m) (kN) (% of PUTS) Checks
0.000 1155.2 1144.4 1169.5 1176.1 4645.21 33.22 < 70% OK!
4.875 1188.6 1175.9 1199.1 1203.7 4767.27 34.09 < 70% OK!
9.750 1222.0 1207.4 1228.7 1231.3 4889.34 34.96 < 70% OK!
14.625 1255.4 1238.9 1258.2 1258.8 5011.40 35.84 < 70% OK!
19.500 1262.6 1270.4 1278.3 1286.4 5097.84 36.45 < 70% OK!
24.375 1229.2 1256.7 1248.8 1260.0 4994.73 35.72 < 70% OK!
29.250 1195.8 1225.2 1219.2 1232.4 4872.66 34.84 < 70% OK!
34.125 1162.4 1193.7 1189.7 1204.9 4750.60 33.97 < 70% OK!
39.000 1129.0 1162.2 1160.1 1177.3 4628.54 33.10 < 70% OK!

1(c) Elastic Shortening Losses (BS 5400 : Part 4 : 1990 : CL. 6.7.2)
Immediately after transfer, the change in strain in the prestressing steel dep caused by elastic shortening of the concrete
is equal to the strain in the concrete at the steel level, ecp. The loss of prestress in the steel, dfLoss is therefore :
dfLoss = 0.5(Es/Ec1)*ftendon for post-tensioned beam (ref. BS5400:Part4:Cl. 6.7.2.3)
N.B. ftendon is calculated for prestress and dead load stresses in the concrete adjacent to the tendons.
ES is modulus of elasticity of the prestressing tendon
Ec1 is modulus of elasticity of the precast concrete at Stage1
(i) Moment & Concrete Stress Due To Selfweight of Precast Beam
Lx M ft fb e' ftendon
(m) (kNm) (N/mm2) (N/mm2) (mm) (N/mm2)
0.000 0.00 0.000 0.000 1317.8 0.000

4.875 1645.22 0.342 -0.376 863.8 -0.084
9.750 2820.38 0.587 -0.645 539.5 -0.332
14.625 3525.47 0.734 -0.806 344.9 -0.556
19.500 3760.51 0.783 -0.860 280.0 -0.643
24.375 3525.47 0.734 -0.806 344.9 -0.556
29.250 2820.38 0.587 -0.645 539.5 -0.332
34.125 1645.22 0.342 -0.376 863.8 -0.084
39.000 0.00 0.000 0.000 1317.8 0.000
Moment, M = w(Lx/2)(Leff -L x) H = Total Height of Precast Beam.

ft = M/Zt e' = Distance from centroid of tendon to soffit.
fb = -M/Zb ftendon = fb + [(-fb+ft)x(e'/H)]
(ii) Concrete Stress Due To Prestressing Force After Friction & Wedges Draw-in Losses
Lx e = yb - e' Pi ft fb ftendon
(m) (mm) (kN) (N/mm2) (N/mm2) (N/mm2)
0.000 -205.5 4645.21 5.835 5.418 5.677

4.875 248.5 4767.27 5.538 6.055 5.845
9.750 572.8 4889.34 5.350 6.573 6.262
14.625 767.4 5011.40 5.280 6.960 6.687
19.500 832.3 5097.84 5.303 7.156 6.911
24.375 767.4 4994.73 5.263 6.937 6.665
29.250 572.8 4872.66 5.332 6.551 6.241
34.125 248.5 4750.60 5.519 6.034 5.825
39.000 -205.5 4628.54 5.814 5.399 5.656
e' = distance from centroid of tendon to soffit of Precast Beam

e = distance from centroid of tendon to neutral axis of Precast Beam
Ap = Cross Section Area of Precast Beam
Pi = Total Initial Prestress Forces after Friction and Wedge Draw-in Losses
ft = Pi/Ap - Pie/Zt fb = Pi/Ap + Pie/Zb ftendon = fb + [(-fb+ft)x(e'/H)]
(iii) Calculation of Prestress Loss Due To Elastic Shortening of Concrete Along Beam Length
Lx Stress at Tendon Level (ftendon) Loss of Prestress = 0.5*ftendon(Es/Ec1)

(m) Selfweight Prestress Total
(N/mm2) (N/mm2) (N/mm2) (N/mm2) (kN) (% of Pj1) (% of PUTS)
0.000 0.000 5.677 5.677 19.768 148.280 2.651 1.06

4.875 -0.084 5.845 5.761 20.061 150.481 2.690 1.08
9.750 -0.332 6.262 5.930 20.651 154.904 2.769 1.11
14.625 -0.556 6.687 6.131 21.350 160.153 2.863 1.15
19.500 -0.643 6.911 6.268 21.827 163.728 2.927 1.17
24.375 -0.556 6.665 6.109 21.273 159.572 2.853 1.14
29.250 -0.332 6.241 5.909 20.576 154.346 2.759 1.10
34.125 -0.084 5.825 5.741 19.990 149.947 2.681 1.07
39.000 0.000 5.656 5.656 19.697 147.748 2.641 1.06

1(d) Summary of Immediate Losses (Friction Loss, Draw-in Loss And Elastic Shortening Loss)
Lx Immediate Losses % of Immediate Loss from PUTS

(m) Friction Loss Draw-in Loss Elastic Loss Total Friction Loss Draw-in Loss Elastic Loss Total
(kN) (kN) (kN) (kN) (% of PUTS) (% of PUTS) (% of PUTS) (% of PUTS)
0.000 480.2 468.23 148.280 1096.7 3.43 3.35 1.06 7.84

4.875 484.1 342.27 150.481 976.8 3.46 2.45 1.08 6.99
9.750 488.0 216.30 154.904 859.2 3.49 1.55 1.11 6.14
14.625 491.9 90.34 160.153 742.4 3.52 0.65 1.15 5.31
19.500 495.8 0.00 163.728 659.5 3.55 0.00 1.17 4.72
24.375 499.7 99.21 159.572 758.4 3.57 0.71 1.14 5.42
29.250 503.6 217.37 154.346 875.3 3.60 1.55 1.10 6.26
34.125 507.5 335.53 149.947 992.9 3.63 2.40 1.07 7.10
39.000 511.4 453.69 147.748 1112.8 3.66 3.24 1.06 7.96
1(e) Summary of Cable Force After Immediate Losses and Allowable Prestressing Force Checks In Cables
Lx Jacking Force Total Cable Force After Allowable

(m) Pj1 Immediate Loss Immediate Loss (% of PUTS)
(kN) (% of Pj1) (kN) (% of PUTS) Checks
0.000 5593.6 19.61 4496.9 32.16 < 70% OK!

4.875 5593.6 17.46 4616.8 33.01 < 70% OK!
9.750 5593.6 15.36 4734.4 33.86 < 70% OK!
14.625 5593.6 13.27 4851.2 34.69 < 70% OK!
19.500 5593.6 11.79 4934.1 35.28 < 70% OK!
24.375 5593.6 13.56 4835.2 34.58 < 70% OK!
29.250 5593.6 15.65 4718.3 33.74 < 70% OK!
34.125 5593.6 17.75 4600.7 32.90 < 70% OK!
39.000 5593.6 19.89 4480.8 32.04 < 70% OK!
NOTE : Maximum Initial Prestressing Force for Post-Tensioning Tendon Immediately after anchoring = 70% of P UTS.
(BS 5400 : Part 4 : 1990 : CL. 6.7.1)
1(f) Summary of Concrete Stress After Immediate Losses And Allowable Stress Checks in Concrete at Transfer
Allowable Tensile Stress @ Stage 1 Transfer = -1.00 (N/mm2) (BS 5400 :Part 4 :1990 : CL. 6.3.2.4b)
Allowable Compressive Stress @ Stage 1 Transfer = 15.00 (N/mm2) (BS 5400 :Part 4 :1990 : Table 23)
Lx e Cable Force After Moment Due to Concrete Stresses

(m) Immediate Loss Beam Selfweight ft fb ftendon Allowable
(mm) (kN) (kNm) (N/mm2) (N/mm2) (N/mm2) Checks
0.000 -205.5 4496.9 0.00 5.649 5.245 5.496 OK!

4.875 248.5 4616.8 1645.22 5.706 5.488 5.577 OK!
9.750 572.8 4734.4 2820.38 5.767 5.720 5.732 OK!
14.625 767.4 4851.2 3525.47 5.845 5.932 5.918 OK!
19.500 832.3 4934.1 3760.51 5.915 6.066 6.046 OK!
24.375 767.4 4835.2 3525.47 5.828 5.909 5.896 OK!
29.250 572.8 4718.3 2820.38 5.750 5.698 5.711 OK!
34.125 248.5 4600.7 1645.22 5.687 5.468 5.557 OK!
39.000 -205.5 4480.8 0.00 5.629 5.226 5.476 OK!

(2) Deferred Losses Before Stage 2 Stressing
2(a) Relaxation of Steel (BS 5400 : Part 4 : 1990 : C.L. 6.7.2.2)
The Loss of force in the tendon allowed for in the design should be the maximum relaxation after 1000 h duration, for a jacking force
equal to that imposed at transfer.
No reduction in the value of relaxation loss should be made for a tendon when a load equal to or greater that the relevant jacking force
has applied for time proir to anchoring of tendon.
(i) At 1000 hours, Relaxation of Steel of Cable = 2.5 % of Jacking Force

(ii) Assumed Percentage Occurred During Stage 1 Transfer = 0.0 % of final
Cable Mark A B C D TOTAL

Nos. Of Strands n (nos) 19 19 19 19 76
Jacking Force pj1 (kN) 1398.4 1398.4 1398.4 1398.4 5593.6
Total Relaxation Loss in Force prelaxLoss (kN) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Relaxation Loss as percentage of pj1 % of pj1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Relaxation Loss as percentage of PUTS % of PUTS 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2(b) Shrinkage of Concrete Losses (BS 5400 : Part 4 : 1990 : C.L. 6.7.2.2)
(i) From BS 5400:Part 4:1990:Table 29,
Shrinkage per unit length

System Humid exposure Normal exposure
(90% r.h) (70% r.h)
Post-tensioning : transfer at
between 7 days and 14 days es 70 x 10-6 200 x 10-6
after concreting
(ii) Shrinkage Strain used in the Design, es = 200.0E-6 per unit length
(iii) Assumed Percentage Occurred,

during Stage 1 Transfer. %= 50 % of final
(iii) Shrinkage Strain Loss as Stress, fshrink.Loss = es x Es x (% During Stage 1 Transfer)

(During Stage 1 Transfer) = 200.0E-6 x 195000 x 0.5
= 19.500 N/mm2 per strand
(iv) Shrinkage of Concrete Losses in all Cables (During Stage 1 Transfer), p shrink.Loss

Total Shrinkage Loss in Force pshrink.Loss (kN) 36.56835 36.56835 36.56835 36.568 146.273
As Loss in percentage of pi1 % of pj1 2.62 2.62 2.62 2.62 2.62
As Loss in percentage of PUTS % of PUTS 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05

2(c) Creep of Concrete Losses (BS 5400:Part 4:1990: Cl. 6.7.2.5)
- The loss of prestress in the tendons due to creep of the concrete should be calculated on the assumption that creep is proportional to
stress in the concrete for stress of up to one-third of the cube strength at transfer.
- For Post-tensioning System :
(i) If the required cube strength at transfer is greater than 40.0 N/mm2, the creep per unit length should be taken as 3.60 x 10-5 per N/mm2.
(ii) For lower values of the cube strength at transfer (f ci), the creep per unit length should be taken as 3.60 x 10-5 x (40.0/fci) per N/mm2.
(iii) Where the maximum stress anywhere in the section at transfer exceeds one-third of the cube strength, the value of the
creep should be increased with the factor as below:
Increased factor = 1 + (Max stress @ Transfer - fci/3)*0.25

(fci/2- fci/3)
(iv) Calculation of Stress in the concrete adjacent to the tendon after elastic deformation losses
- Creep Strain ec = 4.80E-05 per N/mm2

- Assumed Concrete Creep Loss During Stage 1 Transfer %= 50.00 % of final
- Modulus of Elasticity of Strand Es = 195.0 kN/mm2
- Increased factor = 1.000
- One -third (1/3) of Concrete cube Strength at Stage 1, fci1 fci1/3 = 10.00 N/mm2 .
Stress in the concrete adjacent to tendons level, ftendon Creep Loss

Lx After After Steel Maximum (During Stage 1 Transfer/ Before Stage 2 Stressing)
(m) Immediate Loss Relaxation Loss Stress
0.000 5.496 5.496 25.719 192.927 3.45 1.38

4.875 5.577 5.577 26.098 195.770 3.50 1.40
9.750 5.732 5.732 26.826 201.226 3.60 1.44
14.625 5.918 5.918 27.695 207.743 3.71 1.49
19.500 6.046 6.046 6.046 28.296 212.258 3.79 1.52
24.375 5.896 5.896 27.594 206.989 3.70 1.48
29.250 5.711 5.711 26.729 200.501 3.58 1.43
34.125 5.557 5.557 26.006 195.075 3.49 1.39
39.000 5.476 5.476 25.627 192.235 3.44 1.37
Where,
(i) Stress in the concrete adjacent to tendons at transfer after Steel Relaxation Losses
= Stress at Tendon level after Immediate Losses - The Steel Relaxation Loss at Stage 1 transfer
(ii) Creep Loss = Stress at tendon level * Creep Strain (ec) * Es * Increased Factor * % occured @ Stage 1 Transfer

2(d) Summary of Deferred Losses (Steel Relaxation Loss, Concrete Shrinkage Loss and Creep of Concrete Loss)
Lx Deferred Losses % of Deferred Loss from PUTS

(m) Relaxation Loss Shrinkage Loss Creep Loss Total Relaxation Loss Shrinkage Loss Creep Loss Total
0.000 0.0 146.27 192.927 339.2 0.00 1.05 1.38 2.43

4.875 0.0 146.27 195.770 342.0 0.00 1.05 1.40 2.45
9.750 0.0 146.27 201.226 347.5 0.00 1.05 1.44 2.48
14.625 0.0 146.27 207.743 354.0 0.00 1.05 1.49 2.53
19.500 0.0 146.27 212.258 358.5 0.00 1.05 1.52 2.56
24.375 0.0 146.27 206.989 353.3 0.00 1.05 1.48 2.53
29.250 0.0 146.27 200.501 346.8 0.00 1.05 1.43 2.48
34.125 0.0 146.27 195.075 341.3 0.00 1.05 1.39 2.44
39.000 0.0 146.27 192.235 338.5 0.00 1.05 1.37 2.42
2(e) Summary of Cable Force After Immediate & Deferred Losses and Allowable Prestressing Force Checks
Lx Jacking Force Total Total Total Stage 1 Cable Force After Allowable
(m) Pj1 Immediate Loss Deferred Loss Losses Immediate Loss Immediate & Deferred Losses (% of PUTS)
(kN) (% of Pj1) (% of Pj1) (% of Pj1) (kN) (kN) (% of PUTS) Checks
0.000 5593.6 19.61 6.06 25.67 4496.9 4157.7 29.73 < 70% OK!
4.875 5593.6 17.46 6.11 23.58 4616.8 4274.7 30.57 < 70% OK!
9.750 5593.6 15.36 6.21 21.57 4734.4 4386.9 31.37 < 70% OK!
14.625 5593.6 13.27 6.33 19.60 4851.2 4497.2 32.16 < 70% OK!
19.500 5593.6 11.79 6.41 18.20 4934.1 4575.6 32.72 < 70% OK!
24.375 5593.6 13.56 6.32 19.87 4835.2 4481.9 32.05 < 70% OK!
29.250 5593.6 15.65 6.20 21.85 4718.3 4371.5 31.26 < 70% OK!
34.125 5593.6 17.75 6.10 23.85 4600.7 4259.3 30.46 < 70% OK!
39.000 5593.6 19.89 6.05 25.95 4480.8 4142.3 29.62 < 70% OK!
NOTE : Maximum Initial Prestressing Force for Post-Tensioning Tendon Immediately after anchoring = 70% of P UTS
(BS 5400 : Part 4 : 1990 : CL. 6.7.1)
2(f) Summary of Concrete Stress After Immediate & Deferred Losses And Allowable Stress Checks in Concrete
at Transfer (Not Required to Check - Can Be Ommited)
Allowable Tensile Stress @ Stage 1 Transfer = -1.00 N/mm2 (BS 5400 :Part 4 :1990 : CL. 6.3.2.4b)
Allowable Compressive Stress @ Stage 1 Transfer = 15.00 N/mm2 (BS 5400 :Part 4 :1990 : Table 23)

(m) All Loss Beam Selfweight ft fb ftendon Allowable
0.000 -205.5 4157.7 0.00 5.223 4.850 5.081 OK!

4.875 248.5 4274.7 1645.22 5.308 5.054 5.157 OK!
9.750 572.8 4386.9 2820.38 5.387 5.253 5.287 OK!
14.625 767.4 4497.2 3525.47 5.472 5.440 5.445 OK!
19.500 832.3 4575.6 3760.51 5.542 5.563 5.560 OK!
24.375 767.4 4481.9 3525.47 5.456 5.419 5.425 OK!
29.250 572.8 4371.5 2820.38 5.370 5.232 5.267 OK!
34.125 248.5 4259.3 1645.22 5.290 5.034 5.138 OK!
39.000 -205.5 4142.3 0.00 5.203 4.832 5.062 OK!
- END OF STAGE 1 CALCULATIONS -

Stage 2 Post Tensioning
Prestress Losses
3(a) Friction Loss (BS 5400 : Part 4 : 1990 : CL. 6.7.3)
(i) Force Gradient

qsum 0.2839 0.2383 0.1923 0.1462
mqsum + KLcable 0.2159 0.2022 0.1884 0.1745
e-(mq + KLcable) 0.8058 0.8170 0.8283 0.8398
Total Loss of Prestr. Force due to Friction Losses

pfrict.Loss = (1 - e-(mq+KLcable))*pj2 pfrict.Loss (kN) 515.9 486.3 456.2 425.5 1883.90
Cable Force @ Dead End after Frict. Losses

pd = pj2 - pfrict.Loss pd (kN) 2141.1 2170.6 2200.8 2231.4 8743.94
Loss of Pres. Force per unit length/Force Gradient

dp = (pfrict.Loss/Lcable) dp (kN/m) 13.027 12.281 11.520 10.746 47.573
(ii) Cable Force Along Beam Length After Friction Losses
Distance of the Section from Cable MarkA B C D

Suppport Midpsan -1 *
Incre/decre. 1 * -1 * 1 * Total
Lx (m) X0 (m) dp (kN/m) -13.027 12.281 -11.520 10.746
Near End Live End Dead End Live End Dead End
Beam Ends 19.800 2657.0 2170.6 2657.0 2231.4 9716.0
0.000 19.500 SUPPORT 1 2653.1 2174.3 2653.5 2234.7 9715.5
4.875 14.625 2589.5 2234.2 2597.3 2287.0 9708.1
9.750 9.750 2526.0 2294.1 2541.2 2339.4 9700.7
14.625 4.875 2462.5 2353.9 2485.0 2391.8 9693.3
19.500 0.000 MIDSPAN 2399.0 2413.8 2428.9 2444.2 9685.9
24.375 4.875 2335.5 2473.7 2372.7 2496.6 9678.5
29.250 9.750 2272.0 2533.5 2316.5 2549.0 9671.1
34.125 14.625 2208.5 2593.4 2260.4 2601.4 9663.7
39.000 19.500 SUPPORT 2 2145.0 2653.3 2204.2 2653.7 9656.2
Beam Ends 19.800 2141.1 2657.0 2200.8 2657.0 9655.8
Note : * = " -1 " for Dead End of Cable is in the Far End and " 1 " for Dead End of Cable is in the Near End.

3(b) Prestressing Force Loss due to Draw-in Wedges (VSL Prestressing System)
(i) Distance affected by Draw-in Wedges from Live End
Distance affected by Draw-in Wedges from Live End,

w = (draw-in * Es * As * n /dp)1/2 w (m) 12.978 13.366 13.801 14.289 -
w < Lcable
Loss of Force @ Live Ends Due to Wedges Draw-in

pdraw-inLoss = 2 * w * dp pdraw-inLoss (kN) 338.12 328.30 317.97 307.10 1291.49
(ii) Draw-in Wedges Losses Along Beam Length
Distance From pdraw-inLoss (kN)

Total, Pdraw-inLoss
Suppport Cable Mark
Lx (m) A B C D (kN) (% of Pj2) (% of PUTS)
0.000 330.31 0.00 311.06 0.00 641.37 6.03 4.59

4.875 203.30 0.00 198.74 0.00 402.03 3.78 2.87
9.750 76.29 0.00 86.42 0.00 162.70 1.53 1.16
14.625 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
19.500 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
24.375 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
29.250 0.00 81.46 0.00 91.11 172.57 1.62 1.23
34.125 0.00 201.19 0.00 195.88 397.07 3.74 2.84
39.000 0.00 320.93 0.00 300.65 621.58 5.85 4.44
For -ve Force Gradient, For +ve Force Gradient,

Lx < w pdraw-inLoss = 2 * dp * (w - Lx) (Lcable - Lx) < w, pdraw-inLoss = 2 * dp * ( w - (Lcable - Lx))
Lx >= w pdraw-inLoss = 0 (Lcable - Lx)>= w, pdraw-inLoss = 0
(iii) Cable Force Along Beam Length After Friction & Wedges Draw-in Losses
Distance From Cable Mark Allowable

Total
Suppport A B C D (% of PUTS)
Lx (m) (kN) (% of PUTS) Checks
0.000 2322.7 2174.3 2342.4 2234.7 9074.17 64.89 < 70% OK!
4.875 2386.2 2234.2 2398.6 2287.0 9306.09 66.55 < 70% OK!
9.750 2449.8 2294.1 2454.8 2339.4 9538.01 68.21 < 70% OK!
14.625 2462.5 2353.9 2485.0 2391.8 9693.30 69.32 < 70% OK!
19.500 2399.0 2413.8 2428.9 2444.2 9685.89 69.26 < 70% OK!
24.375 2335.5 2473.7 2372.7 2496.6 9678.48 69.21 < 70% OK!
29.250 2272.0 2452.1 2316.5 2457.9 9498.50 67.92 < 70% OK!
34.125 2208.5 2392.2 2260.4 2405.5 9266.58 66.27 < 70% OK!
39.000 2145.0 2332.3 2204.2 2353.1 9034.66 64.61 < 70% OK!

3(c) Elastic Shortening Losses (BS 5400 : Part 4 : 1990 : CL. 6.7.2)
Immediately after transfer, the change in strain in the prestressing steel dep caused by elastic shortening of the concrete
is equal to the strain in the concrete at the steel level, ecp. The loss of prestress in the steel, dfLoss is therefore :
dfLoss = 0.5(Es/Ec2)*ftendon for post-tensioned beam (ref. BS 5400:Part 4:Cl. 6.7.2.3)
N.B. ftendon is calculated for prestress and dead load stresses in the concrete adjacent to the tendons.
Ec2 is modulus of elasticity of the precast concrete at Stage 2 Service
(i) Moment & Concrete Stress Due To Selfweight of Precast Beam
Lx M ft fb e' ftendon
(m) (kNm) (N/mm2) (N/mm2) (mm) (N/mm2)
0.000 0.00 0.000 0.000 1317.8 0.000

4.875 1645.22 0.342 -0.376 863.8 -0.084
9.750 2820.38 0.587 -0.645 539.5 -0.332
14.625 3525.47 0.734 -0.806 344.9 -0.556
19.500 3760.51 0.783 -0.860 280.0 -0.643
24.375 3525.47 0.734 -0.806 344.9 -0.556
29.250 2820.38 0.587 -0.645 539.5 -0.332
34.125 1645.22 0.342 -0.376 863.8 -0.084
39.000 0.00 0.000 0.000 1317.8 0.000
Moment, M = w(Lx/2)(Leff -L x) H = Total Height of Precast Beam.

ft = M/Zt e' = Distance from centroid of tendon to soffit.
fb = -M/Zb ftendon = fb + [(-fb+ft)x(e'/H)]
(ii) Concrete Stress Due To Prestressing Force After Friction & Wedges Draw-in Losses
Lx e = yb - e' Pi ft fb ftendon
(m) (mm) (kN) (N/mm2) (N/mm2) (N/mm2)
0.000 -205.5 9074.17 11.399 10.584 11.089

4.875 248.5 9306.09 10.811 11.821 11.410
9.750 572.8 9538.01 10.436 12.822 12.217
14.625 767.4 9693.30 10.214 13.462 12.935
19.500 832.3 9685.89 10.075 13.596 13.132
24.375 767.4 9678.48 10.198 13.442 12.915
29.250 572.8 9498.50 10.393 12.769 12.166
34.125 248.5 9266.58 10.765 11.771 11.362
39.000 -205.5 9034.66 11.349 10.538 11.041
e' = distance from centroid of tendon to soffit

e = distance from centroid of tendon to neutral axis of Precast
Ap = Cross Section Area of Precast Beam
Pi = Total Initial Prestress Forces after Friction and Wedge Draw-in Losses
ft = Pi/Ap - Pie/Zt fb = Pi/Ap + Pie/Zb ftendon = fb + [(-fb+ft)x(e'/H)]
(iii) Calculation of Prestress Loss Due To Elastic Shortening of Concrete Along Beam Length
Lx Stress at Tendon Level (ftendon) Loss of Prestress = 0.5*ftendon(Es/Ec2)

(m) Selfweight Prestress Total
0.000 0.000 11.089 11.089 31.800 238.541 2.244 1.71

4.875 -0.084 11.410 11.326 32.479 243.634 2.292 1.74
9.750 -0.332 12.217 11.885 34.081 255.648 2.405 1.83
14.625 -0.556 12.935 12.379 35.499 266.284 2.506 1.90
19.500 -0.643 13.132 12.489 35.813 268.639 2.528 1.92
24.375 -0.556 12.915 12.359 35.442 265.859 2.502 1.90
29.250 -0.332 12.166 11.834 33.936 254.559 2.395 1.82
34.125 -0.084 11.362 11.278 32.340 242.592 2.283 1.73
39.000 0.000 11.041 11.041 31.662 237.503 2.235 1.70

3(d) Summary of Immediate Losses (Friction Loss, Draw-in Loss And Elastic Shortening Loss)
Lx Immediate Losses % of Immediate Loss from PUTS

(m) Friction Loss Draw-in Loss Elastic Loss Total Friction Loss Draw-in Loss Elastic Loss Total
0.000 912.3 641.37 238.541 1792.2 6.52 4.59 1.71 12.82

4.875 919.7 402.03 243.634 1565.4 6.58 2.87 1.74 11.19
9.750 927.1 162.70 255.648 1345.5 6.63 1.16 1.83 9.62
14.625 934.5 0.00 266.284 1200.8 6.68 0.00 1.90 8.59
19.500 942.0 0.00 268.639 1210.6 6.74 0.00 1.92 8.66
24.375 949.4 0.00 265.859 1215.2 6.79 0.00 1.90 8.69
29.250 956.8 172.57 254.559 1383.9 6.84 1.23 1.82 9.90
34.125 964.2 397.07 242.592 1603.9 6.89 2.84 1.73 11.47
39.000 971.6 621.58 237.503 1830.7 6.95 4.44 1.70 13.09
3(e) Summary of Cable Force After Immediate Losses and Allowable Prestressing Force Checks In Cables
Lx Jacking Force Total Cable Force After Allowable

(m) Pj2 Immediate Loss Immediate Loss (% of PUTS)
(kN) (% of Pj2) (kN) (% of PUTS) Checks
0.000 10627.8 16.86 8835.6 63.18 < 70% OK!

4.875 10627.8 14.73 9062.5 64.81 < 70% OK!
9.750 10627.8 12.66 9282.4 66.38 < 70% OK!
14.625 10627.8 11.30 9427.0 67.41 < 70% OK!
19.500 10627.8 11.39 9417.2 67.34 < 70% OK!
24.375 10627.8 11.43 9412.6 67.31 < 70% OK!
29.250 10627.8 13.02 9243.9 66.10 < 70% OK!
34.125 10627.8 15.09 9024.0 64.53 < 70% OK!
39.000 10627.8 17.23 8797.2 62.91 < 70% OK!
(BS 5400 : Part 4 : 1990 : CL. 6.7.1)
3(f) Summary of Concrete Stress After Immediate Losses And Allowable Stress Checks in Concrete at Transfer
Allowable Tensile Stress @ Stage 2 Transfer = -1.00 (N/mm2) (BS 5400 :Part 4 :1990 : CL. 6.3.2.4b)
Allowable Compressive Stress @ Stage 2 Transfer = 20.00 (N/mm2) (BS 5400 :Part 4 :1990 : Table 23)

(m) Immediate Loss Beam Selfweight ft fb ftendon Allowable
0.000 -205.5 8835.6 0.00 11.099 10.306 10.798 OK!

4.875 248.5 9062.5 1645.22 10.870 11.135 11.027 OK!
9.750 572.8 9282.4 2820.38 10.744 11.834 11.557 OK!
14.625 767.4 9427.0 3525.47 10.667 12.287 12.024 OK!
19.500 832.3 9417.2 3760.51 10.578 12.359 12.124 OK!
24.375 767.4 9412.6 3525.47 10.652 12.267 12.005 OK!
29.250 572.8 9243.9 2820.38 10.701 11.782 11.508 OK!
34.125 248.5 9024.0 1645.22 10.825 11.086 10.980 OK!
39.000 -205.5 8797.2 0.00 11.051 10.261 10.751 OK!

(4) Deferred Losses During Stage 2 Stressing
The Loss of force in the tendon allowed for in the design should be the maximum relaxation after 1000 h duration, for a jacking force
equal to that imposed at transfer.
No reduction in the value of relaxation loss should be made for a tendon when a load equal to or greater that the relevant jacking force
has applied for time proir to anchoring of tendon.
(i) At 1000 hours, Relaxation of Steel of Cable = 2.5 % of Jacking Force

Nos. Of Strands n (nos) 19 19 19 19 76
Jacking Force pj2 (kN) 2657.0 2657.0 2657.0 2657.0 10627.84
Total Final Relaxation Loss in Force prelaxLoss (kN) 66.42 66.42 66.42 66.42 265.70
Relaxation Loss as percentage of pj2 % of pj2 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50
Relaxation Loss as percentage of PUTS % of PUTS 1.90 1.90 1.90 1.90 1.90

(90% r.h) (70% r.h)
after concreting
(ii) Shrinkage Strain used in the Design, es = 200.0E-6
(iii) Shrinkage Strain Loss as Stress, fshrink.Loss = es x Es

(Final Loss) = 200.0E-6 x 195000
= 39.000 N/mm2 per strand
(iv) Shrinkage of Concrete Final Losses in all Cables, pshrink.Loss

Total Shrinkage Loss in Force pshrink.Loss (kN) 73.1367 73.1367 73.1367 73.137 292.547
As Loss in percentage of pi2 % of pj2 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.75
As Loss in percentage of PUTS % of PUTS 2.09 2.09 2.09 2.09 2.09

- The loss of prestress in the tendons due to creep of the concrete should be calculated on the assumption that creep is proportional to
stress in the concrete for stress of up to one-third of the cube strength at transfer.
(i) If the required cube strength at transfer is greater than 40.0 N/mm2, the creep per unit length should be taken as 3.60 x 10-5 per N/mm2.

(fci/2- fci/3)
- Creep Strain ec = 3.60E-05 per N/mm2

- Modulus of Elasticity of Strand Es = 195 kN/mm2
- Increased factor = 1.000
- One -third (1/3) of Concrete cube Strength at Stage 2 fci2/3 = 16.67 N/mm2 .
- Assumed Steel Relaxation Loss During Stage 2 Transfer %= 100.00 % of final
From Stage 1 Stressing From Stage 2 Stressing For Creep Loss Calculation
Lx Stress in the concrete adjacent to tendons level, ftendon Stress in the concrete adjacent to tendons level, ftendon During Stage 2
(m) After After Steel Maximum After After Steel Maximum After Steel Relaxation Loss
Immediate Loss Relaxation Loss Stress Immediate Loss Relaxation Loss Stress ftendon(Stage2)-ftendon(Stage1)
(N/mm2) (N/mm2) (N/mm2) (N/mm2) (N/mm2) (N/mm2) (N/mm2)
0.000 5.496 5.496 10.798 10.528 5.032

4.875 5.577 5.577 11.027 10.752 5.175
9.750 5.732 5.732 11.557 11.268 5.536
14.625 5.918 5.918 12.024 11.723 5.806
19.500 6.046 6.046 6.046 12.124 11.821 11.821 5.775
24.375 5.896 5.896 12.005 11.704 5.808
29.250 5.711 5.711 11.508 11.220 5.509
34.125 5.557 5.557 10.980 10.706 5.149
39.000 5.476 5.476 10.751 10.482 5.006
For Creep Loss Calculation Creep Loss During Stage 2 Remaining

Lx During Stage 2 (Final Loss) Creep Loss
(m) After Steel Relaxation Loss fromStage1
ftendon(Stage2)-ftendon(Stage1)
(N/mm2) (N/mm2) (kN) (% of Pj2) (% of PUTS) (kN)
0.000 5.032 35.327 264.993 2.49 1.89 192.927

4.875 5.175 36.329 272.514 2.56 1.95 195.770
9.750 5.536 38.864 291.530 2.74 2.08 201.226
14.625 5.806 40.755 305.709 2.88 2.19 207.743
19.500 5.775 40.540 304.102 2.86 2.17 212.258
24.375 5.808 40.774 305.853 2.88 2.19 206.989
29.250 5.509 38.672 290.090 2.73 2.07 200.501
34.125 5.149 36.145 271.134 2.55 1.94 195.075
39.000 5.006 35.143 263.618 2.48 1.89 192.235
Where, (Only for 2 stages Stressing)

(i) Stress in the concrete adjacent to tendons at transfer after Steel Relaxation Loss
= Stress at Tendon level after Immediate Losses - the Steel Relaxation Losses at Stage 2 Transfer
(ii) Total Creep Loss At Stage 2 ( due to additional prestressing in Stage 2 compared to Stage 1)
= (Stress at tendon level during Stage 2 - Stress at tendon level During Stage 1) * Creep Strain (ec) * Es * Increased Factor

4(d) Summary of Deferred Losses During Stage 2 Transfer

(Steel Relaxation Loss, Concrete Shrinkage Loss and Creep of Concrete Loss)
Assumed Percentage of Losses : (i) Relaxation = 100.00 % of final

(ii) Shrinkage = 50.00 % of final
(iii) Creep (S1) = 50.00 % of Stage 1 final Creep Loss
(iv) Creep (S2) = 50.00 % of Stage 2 final Creep Loss
Lx Deferred Losses During Stage 2 Transfer % of Deferred Loss from PUTS

0.000 265.7 146.27 325.423 737.4 1.90 1.05 2.33 5.27

4.875 265.7 146.27 332.027 744.0 1.90 1.05 2.37 5.32
9.750 265.7 146.27 346.991 759.0 1.90 1.05 2.48 5.43
14.625 265.7 146.27 360.598 772.6 1.90 1.05 2.58 5.52
19.500 265.7 146.27 364.308 776.3 1.90 1.05 2.61 5.55
24.375 265.7 146.27 359.916 771.9 1.90 1.05 2.57 5.52
29.250 265.7 146.27 345.546 757.5 1.90 1.05 2.47 5.42
34.125 265.7 146.27 330.642 742.6 1.90 1.05 2.36 5.31
39.000 265.7 146.27 324.043 736.0 1.90 1.05 2.32 5.26
4(e) Summary of Cable Force After Immediate & Deferred Losses and Allowable Prestressing Force Checks In
Cables During Stage 2 Transfer
(m) Pj2 Immediate Loss Deferred Loss Transfer Losses Immediate Loss Immediate & Deferred Losses (% of PUTS)
0.000 10627.8 16.86 6.94 23.80 8835.6 8098.2 57.91 <70%, OK!
4.875 10627.8 14.73 7.00 21.73 9062.5 8318.5 59.49 <70%, OK!
9.750 10627.8 12.66 7.14 19.80 9282.4 8523.4 60.95 <70%, OK!
14.625 10627.8 11.30 7.27 18.57 9427.0 8654.4 61.89 <70%, OK!
19.500 10627.8 11.39 7.30 18.69 9417.2 8641.0 61.79 <70%, OK!
24.375 10627.8 11.43 7.26 18.70 9412.6 8640.7 61.79 <70%, OK!
29.250 10627.8 13.02 7.13 20.15 9243.9 8486.4 60.69 <70%, OK!
34.125 10627.8 15.09 6.99 22.08 9024.0 8281.4 59.22 <70%, OK!
39.000 10627.8 17.23 6.93 24.15 8797.2 8061.1 57.65 <70%, OK!
NOTE: Maximum Initial Prestressing Force for Post-Tensioning Tendon Immediately after anchoring = 70% of P UTS
(BS 5400 : Part 4 : 1990 : CL. 6.7.1)
4(f) Summary of Concrete Stress After Immediate & Deferred Losses And Allowable Stress Checks in Concrete
During Stage 2 Transfer
Allowable Tensile Stress @ Stage 2 Transfer = -1.00 N/mm2 (BS 5400 :Part 4 :1990 : CL. 6.3.2.4b)
Allowable Compressive Stress @ Stage 2 Transfer = 20.00 N/mm2 (BS 5400 :Part 4 :1990 : Table 23)

(m) All Loss Beam Selfweight ft fb ftendon Allowable
0.000 -205.5 8098.2 0.00 10.173 9.446 9.897 OK!

4.875 248.5 8318.5 1645.22 10.006 10.190 10.115 OK!
9.750 572.8 8523.4 2820.38 9.913 10.814 10.585 OK!
14.625 767.4 8654.4 3525.47 9.853 11.214 10.993 OK!
19.500 832.3 8641.0 3760.51 9.771 11.269 11.072 OK!
24.375 767.4 8640.7 3525.47 9.838 11.195 10.975 OK!
29.250 572.8 8486.4 2820.38 9.873 10.764 10.538 OK!
34.125 248.5 8281.4 1645.22 9.963 10.143 10.070 OK!
39.000 -205.5 8061.1 0.00 10.126 9.403 9.851 OK!

4(g) Summary of Deferred Losses During Stage 2 Service

(Steel Relaxation Loss, Concrete Shrinkage Loss and Creep of Concrete Loss)
Assumed Percentage of Losses : (i) Relaxation = 100.00 % of final

(ii) Shrinkage = 50.00 % of final
(iii) Creep (S1) = 50.00 % of Stage 1 Creep Loss (Remaining from Stage 1 Stressing)
(iv) Creep (S2) = 100.00 % of Stage 2 final Creep Loss
Lx Deferred Losses During Stage 2 Service % of Deferred Loss from PUTS

0.000 265.7 146.27 457.920 869.9 1.90 1.05 3.27 6.22

4.875 265.7 146.27 468.283 880.3 1.90 1.05 3.35 6.29
9.750 265.7 146.27 492.756 904.7 1.90 1.05 3.52 6.47
14.625 265.7 146.27 513.452 925.4 1.90 1.05 3.67 6.62
19.500 265.7 146.27 516.359 928.3 1.90 1.05 3.69 6.64
24.375 265.7 146.27 512.842 924.8 1.90 1.05 3.67 6.61
29.250 265.7 146.27 490.591 902.6 1.90 1.05 3.51 6.45
34.125 265.7 146.27 466.209 878.2 1.90 1.05 3.33 6.28
39.000 265.7 146.27 455.852 867.8 1.90 1.05 3.26 6.21
4(h) Summary of Cable Force After Immediate & Deferred Losses and Allowable Prestressing Force Checks In
Cables During Stage 2 Service
(m) Pj2 Immediate Loss Deferred Loss Service Losses Immediate Loss Immediate & Deferred Losses (% of PUTS)
0.000 10627.8 16.86 8.19 25.05 8835.6 7965.7 56.96 <70%, OK!
4.875 10627.8 14.73 8.28 23.01 9062.5 8182.2 58.51 <70%, OK!
9.750 10627.8 12.66 8.51 21.17 9282.4 8377.6 59.91 <70%, OK!
14.625 10627.8 11.30 8.71 20.01 9427.0 8501.6 60.80 <70%, OK!
19.500 10627.8 11.39 8.73 20.13 9417.2 8488.9 60.70 <70%, OK!
24.375 10627.8 11.43 8.70 20.14 9412.6 8487.8 60.70 <70%, OK!
29.250 10627.8 13.02 8.49 21.51 9243.9 8341.4 59.65 <70%, OK!
34.125 10627.8 15.09 8.26 23.35 9024.0 8145.8 58.25 <70%, OK!
39.000 10627.8 17.23 8.17 25.39 8797.2 7929.3 56.70 <70%, OK!
(BS 5400 : Part 4 : 1990 : CL. 6.7.1)
- END OF STAGE 2 LOSSES CALCULATIONS -

DIFFERENTIAL SHRINKAGE BETWEEN PRECAST BEAM AND IN-SITU SLAB

(IN ACCORDANCE WITH RESEARCH REPORT NO. 15 : NOVEMBER 1963 - AN INVESTIGATIONOF THE BEHAVIOUR OF
THE COMPOSITE CONCRETE BEAMS FROM C&CA)
(BS 5400:Part4:1990 Cl.7.4.3.4)
Before the two concretes could be jointed together, external forces and moments would have to be applied to the beam to
straighten it. Firstly the moment is to be applied:
Mb = F2EcIpxx where , Ec = Young's modulus of the precast beam concrete

Ipxx = Second moment of area of the precast beam
F2 = Rotation of the beam = 1/H (sbb - sbt)
sbb = free total strain movement of the bottom fibres
sbt = free total strain movement of the top fibres
H = Total depth of precast beam
A pair of tensile forces is now applied to the ends of the slab at its centroid; these forces (F) are of such magnitude that the
elongation of the slabs equals the differential shrinkage, i.e.
F = dEin-situA1 where, d = Differential shrinkage coefficient

Ein-situ= Modulus of elasticity of the in-situ concrete
A1= Area of the in-situ flange/slab
Assume deck slab is cast one month after precast beams, so then 50 % of the shrinkage has taken place.
Hence,
d = 0.5 * Differential shrinkage coefficient
The two concrete can now be jointed together and equal and opposite forces and moments applied to cancel F and M b.
Since the two concrete are now acting as a composite section, the compressive cancelling forces -F will be accompained by
a moment,
Mc = Fe1 where, e1 = Diatance between the centroid of insitu flange
to centroid of composite section
The net value of the cancelling moment is therefore,
Mc' = Mc - Mb = Fe1 - Mb
The resulting stresses in the cross-section due to these external and cancelling forces can now be dertermined, these are,(see Figure 1)
f1 = ( F/A1' - F/Ac - Mc' y1/Icxx)(Einsitu/Ec) * (k) (Top of Insitu Slab)
f2 = ( F/A1' - F/Ac - Mc' y2/Icxx)(Einsitu/Ec) * (k) (Bottom of Insitu Slab)
f3 = ( -F/Ac - Mc' y2/Icxx -Mb yt/Ipxx) * (k) (Top of Precast Beam)
f4 = ( -F/Ac + Mc' y4/Icxx + Mb yb/Ipxx) * (k) (Bottom of Precast Beam)
original length at time of

casting insitu flange sf
f1
centroid of flange t F -F
e1 y1 f3
y2 centroid of f2
yt composite sbt
centroid of section Mc' = Fe-Mb
precast beam
yb y4 Mb
sbb f4
where,
A1 = area of in situ concrete y2 = distance from centroid of the composite beam to top fibre of precast beam
A2 = area of precast concrete section y4 = distance from centroid of the composite beam to soffit fo precast beam
Ac = area of composite concrete section Icxx = moment of inertia/second moment of area of composite section
A1' = transformed area of in situ concrete = (Modular ratio) * A 1 k = creep reduction coefficient
yt = distance from centroid of the precast beam to top of precast beam Ein-situ= Modulus of elasticity of the in-situ concrete
yb = distance from centroid of the precast beam to soffit of precast bea Ec = Young's modulus of the precast beam concrete
y1 = distance from centroid of the composite beam to top fibre of in-situ flange
FIGURE 1 - Theoretical Approach to Differential Shrinkage

CALCULATION OF THE DIFFERENTIAL SHRINKAGE BETWEEN PRECAST BEAM

AND IN-SITU SLAB
(1) Design Parameter :
(a) Modular Ratio (Einsitu/Ecu) m= 0.912

(b) Area of Insitu Slab A1 = 275400 mm2
(c) Transformed Area of Insitu Slab A1 ' = 251100 mm2
(d) Area of Precast Section A2 = 824130 mm2
(e) Area of Composite Section Ac = 1075230 mm2
(f) Moment of Inertia of Precast Ipxx = 4.8658E+12 mm4
(g) Moment of Inertia of Composite Icxx = 7.6205E+11 mm4
(h) Total Depth of Precast Beam H= 2125 mm
(I) Thickness of Insitu Slab t= 180 mm
(j) Centroid of Precast to Top fibre yt = 1013 mm
(k) Centroid of Precast to Bottom fibre yb = 1112 mm
Centroid of Composite Beam to :
(l) Top of Insitu Slab y1 = 885.72 mm
(m) Top of Precast Beam y2 = 705.72 mm
(n) Bottom of Precast Beam y4 = 1419.28 mm
(o) Centroid of Top Slab e1 = 795.72 mm
(p) Differential Shrinkage Coefficient d = 1.00E-04 50.0 % has occured during slab Const...)"
(q) Creep Reduction Coefficient k= 0.43 (BS 5400 : Part 4 : 1990: Cl.7.4.3.4)
(r) Modulus of Elasticity of the precast @transfer Eci2 = 34 kN/mm2

(s) Modulus of Elasticity of the precast @service Ecu = 34 kN/mm2
(t) Modulus of Elasticity of the Insitu Ein-situ= 31 kN/mm2
(2) Calculation of The Section Differential Shrinkage Between Precast Beam And Insitu Slab
(a) Previous Calculated Final stresses due to selfweight and prestressing (after short term losses) :
Prestress Force Selfwt. Moment st

Lx @ Stage 2 Transfer M (N/mm2)
(m) Pfinal (kN) (kNm) DL Pfinal / A Pfinal (e)/Zt Total
0.000 8098.24 0.000 0.000 9.826 0.401 10.227

4.875 8318.46 1645.221 0.342 10.094 0.356 10.792
9.750 8523.40 2820.379 0.587 10.342 -0.441 10.488
14.625 8654.45 3525.474 0.734 10.501 -1.032 10.203
19.500 8640.97 3760.505 0.783 10.485 -1.380 9.887
24.375 8640.73 3525.474 0.734 10.485 -1.497 9.722
29.250 8486.42 2820.379 0.587 10.297 -1.355 9.529
34.125 8281.38 1645.221 0.342 10.049 -0.987 9.404
39.000 8061.14 0.000 0.000 9.781 -0.417 9.364
Prestress Force Selfwt. Moment sb

Lx @ Stage 2 Transfer M (N/mm2)
(m) Pfinal (kN) (kNm) DL Pfinal / A Pfinal (e)/Zb Total
0.000 8098.24 0.000 0.000 9.826 -0.401 9.426

4.875 8318.46 1645.221 -0.342 10.094 -0.356 9.395
9.750 8523.40 2820.379 -0.587 10.342 0.441 10.196
14.625 8654.45 3525.474 -0.734 10.501 1.032 10.799
19.500 8640.97 3760.505 -0.783 10.485 1.380 11.082
24.375 8640.73 3525.474 -0.734 10.485 1.497 11.248
29.250 8486.42 2820.379 -0.587 10.297 1.355 11.066
34.125 8281.38 1645.221 -0.342 10.049 0.987 10.694
39.000 8061.14 0.000 0.000 9.781 0.417 10.198

(b) Now calculate the (sbb - sbt), Mb, Mc, Mc' as following : -
Assuming % of the Creep has occured in the precast beam (short term losses)
when the in-situ slab is cast = 50.00 % of 3.60E-05 per N/mm2
Then, creep strain ec = 1.80E-05 per N/mm2

increased creep factor = 1.000
and F= dEin-situA1 = 8.54E+02 kN
(sbb - sbt) = (creep strain when casting of insitu slab)*(increased creep factor)(sb - st)
F2 = Rotation of the beam = 1/H (sbb - sbt)
Mb = F2Eci2Ipxx
Mc = Fe1
Mc' = Mc - Mb
Lx (sbb - sbt) F2 Mb Mc Mc'

(m) (Nmm) (Nmm) (Nmm)
0.000 -1.44E-05 -6.79E-09 -1.123E+09 6.79E+08 1.80E+09

4.875 -2.51E-05 -1.18E-08 -1.957E+09 6.79E+08 2.64E+09
9.750 -5.26E-06 -2.48E-09 -4.095E+08 6.79E+08 1.09E+09
14.625 1.07E-05 5.05E-09 8.354E+08 6.79E+08 -1.56E+08
19.500 2.15E-05 1.01E-08 1.675E+09 6.79E+08 -9.95E+08
24.375 2.75E-05 1.29E-08 2.139E+09 6.79E+08 -1.46E+09
29.250 2.77E-05 1.30E-08 2.154E+09 6.79E+08 -1.47E+09
34.125 2.32E-05 1.09E-08 1.808E+09 6.79E+08 -1.13E+09
39.000 1.50E-05 7.06E-09 1.169E+09 6.79E+08 -4.89E+08
(c) Resulting Stresses Due To Differential Shrinkage Between Precast Beam and Insitu Slab
(i) Determination of stresses at Top of Insitu Slab , f1
Lx F/A1' F/Ac Mc' y1/Icxx (m) * (k) f1

(m) (N/mm2)
0.000 3.400 0.794 2.095 0.392 0.200

4.875 3.400 0.794 3.064 0.392 -0.180
9.750 3.400 0.794 1.266 0.392 0.526
14.625 3.400 0.794 -0.181 0.392 1.093
19.500 3.400 0.794 -1.157 0.392 1.475
24.375 3.400 0.794 -1.696 0.392 1.687
29.250 3.400 0.794 -1.714 0.392 1.694
34.125 3.400 0.794 -1.311 0.392 1.536
39.000 3.400 0.794 -0.569 0.392 1.245
(ii) Determination of stresses at Bottom of Insitu Slab , f2
Lx F/A1' F/Ac Mc' y2/Icxx (m) * (k) f2

(m) (N/mm2)
0.000 3.400 0.794 1.669 0.392 0.367

4.875 3.400 0.794 2.441 0.392 0.065
9.750 3.400 0.794 1.008 0.392 0.626
14.625 3.400 0.794 -0.145 0.392 1.078
19.500 3.400 0.794 -0.922 0.392 1.383
24.375 3.400 0.794 -1.351 0.392 1.552
29.250 3.400 0.794 -1.366 0.392 1.557
34.125 3.400 0.794 -1.045 0.392 1.431
39.000 3.400 0.794 -0.453 0.392 1.199

(iii) Determination of stresses at Top of Precast Beam , f3
Lx F/Ac Mc' y2/Icxx Mb yt/Ipxx (k) f3

(m) (N/mm2)
0.000 0.794 1.669 -0.234 0.430 -0.959

4.875 0.794 2.441 -0.407 0.430 -1.216
9.750 0.794 1.008 -0.085 0.430 -0.738
14.625 0.794 -0.145 0.174 0.430 -0.354
19.500 0.794 -0.922 0.349 0.430 -0.095
24.375 0.794 -1.351 0.445 0.430 0.048
29.250 0.794 -1.366 0.448 0.430 0.053
34.125 0.794 -1.045 0.376 0.430 -0.054
39.000 0.794 -0.453 0.243 0.430 -0.251
(iv) Determination of stresses at Bottom of Precast Beam , f4
Lx F/Ac Mc' y4/Icxx Mb yb/Ipxx (k) f4

(m) (N/mm2)
0.000 0.794 3.356 -0.257 0.430 0.991 f1 = Stresses @ Top of Insitu Slab
4.875 0.794 4.910 -0.447 0.430 1.577 f2 = Stresses @ Bottom of Insitu Slab
9.750 0.794 2.028 -0.094 0.430 0.490 f3 = Stresses @ Top of Precast Beam
14.625 0.794 -0.291 0.191 0.430 -0.384 f4 = Stresses @ Bottom of Precast Beam
19.500 0.794 -1.854 0.383 0.430 -0.974
24.375 0.794 -2.718 0.489 0.430 -1.300
29.250 0.794 -2.746 0.492 0.430 -1.311
34.125 0.794 -2.101 0.413 0.430 -1.067
39.000 0.794 -0.911 0.267 0.430 -0.618
(3) Summary Of The Resulting Stresses After Losses and Differential Shrinkage
Lx f1 f2 f3 f4
(m) (N/mm2) (N/mm2) (N/mm2) (N/mm2)
f1 = ( F/A1' - F/Ac - Mc' y1/Icxx)(Einsitu/Ec) * (k)
0.000 -0.200 -0.367 0.959 -0.991
4.875 0.180 -0.065 1.216 -1.577 f2 = ( F/A1' - F/Ac - Mc' y2/Icxx)(Einsitu/Ec) * (k)
9.750 -0.526 -0.626 0.738 -0.490
14.625 -1.093 -1.078 0.354 0.384 f3 = ( -F/Ac - Mc' y2/Icxx -Mb yt/Ipxx) * (k)
19.500 -1.475 -1.383 0.095 0.974
24.375 -1.687 -1.552 -0.048 1.300 f4 = ( -F/Ac + Mc' y4/Icxx + Mb yb/Ipxx) * (k)
29.250 -1.694 -1.557 -0.053 1.311
34.125 -1.536 -1.431 0.054 1.067
39.000 -1.245 -1.199 0.251 0.618
Note : In the above table the sign convention has been amended to give tension as -ve
for consistance with other calculations.
End of Calculation Of Differential Shrinkage

Prestress Checking at Serviceability Limit State For Post-Tensioned Beam Job No. :
Prestress Checking at Deflected Sections At Serviceability Limit State For

Precast Prestressed Post-Tensioned Beam Design
Project : PERLIS PORT BRIDGE Designed : MB Date : 9-Nov-2019

Detail : 35mX50mX35m CONTINUOUS SPANS Checked : Dr LEE Date : 9-Nov-2019
DESIGN DATA
Prestressing System Post-tensioned = Post -Tensioned ; Class 2 member

Tensile stress permitted, but no visible cracking Crack = 0 mm
Precast Beam Section = S40T1 BEAM Precast Beam
(1) SECTION PROPERTIES OF PRECAST BEAM :
(i)
(ii)
TOTAL HEIGHT OF THE PRECAST SECTION
AREA OF PRECAST BEAM
H =
A =
2125 mm
0.824130 m2
S40T1 BEAM
(iii) HEIGHT OF CENTROID ABOVE BOTTOM FIBRE yb = 1112.3 mm
(iv) SECTION MUDULI : TOP FIBRE OF PRECAST Zt = 4.80478 m3
(v) BOTTOM FIBRE OF PRECAST Zb = 4.37454 m3 39 m Eff. Span
(vi) SELFWEIGHT OF PRECAST BEAM w = 19.779 kN/m
(2) SECTION MODULI OF COMPOSITE SECTION :
Zt,c =
HB45 -SLS2
(i) TOP FIBRE OF COMPOSITE SECTION 0.86037 m3
(ii) TOP FIBRE OF PRECAST SECTION Zt,p = 1.07982 m3
(iii) BOTTOM FIBRE OF TOP SLAB Zb,s = 1.07982 m3
(iv) BOTTOM FIBRE OF PRECAST SECTION Zb,p = 0.53693 m3 CLASS 2
(3) DEAD WT OF INSITU CONCRETE winsitu = 7.750 kN/m
(4) CONCRETE STRENGTH: CRACK WIDTH (mm) 0.00

(i) Presstress Concrete : @ TRANSFER fci2 = 50 N/mm2
@ 28 DAYS fcu = 50 N/mm2
(ii) Insitu Concrete : fc = 40 N/mm2
(5) ALLOWABLE CONCRETE STRESSES FOR PRECAST BEAM:

(ref. BS5400:Part4:1990:Cl. 6.3.2)
FOR PRESTRESSING CONCRETE

ALLOWABLE CONCRETE STRESSES @ TRANSFER :
MEMBER TENSION COMPRESSION
N/mm2 N/mm2
CLASS 1 -1.000 20.000
CLASS 2 -1.000 20.000
CLASS 3 -1.000 20.000
ALLOWABLE CONCRETE STRESSES @ SERVICE/WORKING:

MEMBER TENSION COMPRESSION
N/mm2 N/mm2
CLASS 1 0.000 20.000
CLASS 2 -2.546 20.000
CLASS 3 CRACK WIDTH fcu = 40 N/mm fcu = >=50 N/mm
2 2
0.10 -2.87 -3.36 20.000

0.15 -3.15 -3.71
0.25 -3.85 -4.41
(a) ALLOWABLE CONCRETE STRESSES @ TRANSFER FOR PRECAST BEAM:
(i) TENSILE STRESS WITH SELF WT (BS5400:P4:90:CL. 6.3.2.4 b(1) -1.00 N/mm2
(ii) COMPRESSIVE STRESS (BS5400:P4:1990:CL.6.3.2.2 b) 20.00 N/mm2
(b) ALLOWABLE CONCRETE STRESSES UNDER SERVICE/WORKING LOADS FOR PRECAST BEAM :
(i) TENSILE STRESS (BS5400:P4:1990:CL.6.3.2.4a) -2.55 N/mm2

(ii) COMPRESSIVE STRESS (BS5400:P4:1990:CL6.3.2.2a) 20.00 N/mm2
(6) ALLOWABLE CONCRETE STRESSES FOR INSITU SLAB:
(i) TENSILE STRESS (BS5400:P4:1990:CL.7.4.3.3) -4.40 N/mm2

(ii) COMPRESSIVE STRESS (BS5400:P4:1990:CL.7.4.3.2) 20.00 N/mm2
(7) EFFECTIVE SPAN OF PRECAST BEAM Leff = 39.000 m
(8) MODULAR RATIO (Einsitu/Ecu) m = 0.912
KKHONG (NOV 1998) 28

STRESS CHECKS AT MID-SPAN AND VARIES SECTIONS ALONG THE BEAM
(0) AT MIDSPAN, DISTANCE FROM SUPPORT 1 19.50 m
Cable NOS. HT. ABOVE

Mark OF STRANDS SOFFIT (mm)
D 19 100.00
C 19 220.00
B 19 340.00
A 19 460.00 N.B. e = distance between centroid of precast beam
to centroid of tendon
TOTAL : 76.000 280.00 e = 832.30 mm
INITIAL PRESTRESS LOSSES @ TRANSFER 18.69 %

FINAL TOTAL PRESTRESS LOSSES 20.13 %
ULTIMATE TENSILE STRENGTH PER STRAND 184.00 kN

76 % OF U.T.S. INITIAL PRESTRESS 139.84 kN
EFFECTIVE FORCE @ TRANSFER PER STRAND 113.70 kN
EFFECTIVE FINAL FORCE PER STRAND 111.70 kN
TOP OF BOTT OF TOP OF BOTT OF

INSITU INSITU PRECAST PRECAST
TRANSFER PRESTRESS - - 8.99 12.13

SELF WT - - 0.78 -0.86
TOTAL @ TRANSFER - - 9.77 11.27
FINAL PRESTRESS - - 8.83 11.92

SELF WT + DEAD INSITU - - 1.09 -1.20
SUPER. DEAD + LIVE HB45 -SLS2 7.99 6.37 6.98 -14.040 (mid span)
DIFF. SHRINKAGE -1.475 -1.383 0.095 0.974
TOTAL @ WORKING 6.51 4.98 17.00 -2.35
(1) AT SUPPORT 1, DISTANCE FROM SUPPORT 1 0.00 m

D 19 803.20
C 19 1146.28
B 19 1489.36
TOTAL : 76.000 1317.82 e = -205.52 mm



SELF WT - - 0.00 0.00

SELF WT + DEAD INSITU - - 0.00 0.00
SUPER. DEAD + LIVE HB45 -SLS2 0.30 0.24 0.26 -0.520 (SUPPORT 1)
DIFF. SHRINKAGE -0.200 -0.367 0.959 -0.991
TOTAL @ WORKING 0.10 -0.13 11.22 7.78

(2) 2nd SECTION, DISTANCE FROM SUPPORT 1 4.88 m

D 19 495.55
C 19 741.03
B 19 986.52
TOTAL : 76.000 863.77 e = 248.53 mm



SELF WT - - 0.34 -0.38

SUPER. DEAD + LIVE HB45 -SLS2 3.44 2.74 3.00 -6.040 (SECTION 2)
DIFF. SHRINKAGE 0.180 -0.065 1.216 -1.577
TOTAL @ WORKING 3.62 2.67 14.20 2.25
(3) 3rd SECTION, DISTANCE FROM SUPPORT 1 9.75 m

D 19 275.80
C 19 451.57
B 19 627.34
TOTAL : 76.000 539.46 e = 572.84 mm



SELF WT - - 0.59 -0.64
FINAL PRESTRESS 9.17 11.26

SELF WT + DEAD INSITU 0.82 -0.90
SUPER. DEAD + LIVE HB45 -SLS2 6.21 4.95 5.42 -10.910 (SECTION 3)
DIFF. SHRINKAGE -0.526 -0.626 0.738 -0.490
TOTAL @ WORKING 5.68 4.32 16.15 -1.04

(4) 4th SECTION, DISTANCE FROM SUPPORT 1 14.63 m

D 19 143.95
C 19 277.89
B 19 411.84
TOTAL : 76.000 344.86 e = 767.44 mm



SELF WT - - 0.73 -0.81

SUPER. DEAD + LIVE HB45 -SLS2 7.14 5.69 6.24 -12.550 (Section 4)
DIFF. SHRINKAGE -1.093 -1.078 0.354 0.384
TOTAL @ WORKING 6.05 4.61 16.57 -1.48
(5) AT MID-SPAN, DISTANCE FROM SUPPORT 1 19.50 m

D 19 100.00
C 19 220.00
B 19 340.00
TOTAL : 76.000 280.00 e = 832.30 mm




SELF WT - - 0.78 -0.86

SUPER. DEAD + LIVE HB45 -SLS2 7.99 6.37 6.98 -14.040 (mid span)
DIFF. SHRINKAGE -1.475 -1.383 0.095 0.974
TOTAL @ WORKING 6.51 4.98 17.00 -2.35


D 19 143.95
C 19 277.89
B 19 411.84
TOTAL : 76.000 344.86 e = 767.44 mm



SELF WT - - 0.73 -0.81

SUPER. DEAD + LIVE HB45 -SLS2 7.14 5.69 6.24 -12.550 (sect. 6)
DIFF. SHRINKAGE -1.687 -1.552 -0.048 1.300
TOTAL @ WORKING 5.45 4.14 16.16 -0.58

D 19 275.80
C 19 451.57
B 19 627.34
TOTAL : 76.000 539.46 e = 572.84 mm



SELF WT - - 0.59 -0.64

DIFF. SHRINKAGE -1.694 -1.557 -0.053 1.311
TOTAL @ WORKING 4.51 3.39 15.32 0.72


D 19 495.55
C 19 741.03
B 19 986.52
TOTAL : 76.000 863.77 e = 248.53 mm



SELF WT - - 0.34 -0.38
FINAL PRESTRESS 9.46 10.35

SELF WT + DEAD INSITU 0.48 -0.52
DIFF. SHRINKAGE -1.536 -1.431 0.054 1.067
TOTAL @ WORKING 1.90 1.31 13.00 4.85
(9) At SUPPORT 2 SECTION, DISTANCE FROM SUPPORT 1 39.00 m

D 19 803.20
C 19 1146.28
B 19 1489.36
TOTAL : 76.000 1317.82 e = -205.52 mm



SELF WT - - 0.00 0.00

SELF WT + DEAD INSITU - - 0.00 0.00
SUPER. DEAD + LIVE HB45 -SLS2 -0.30 -0.24 -0.26 0.520 (sect. 3)
DIFF. SHRINKAGE -1.245 -1.199 0.251 0.618
TOTAL @ WORKING -1.54 -1.44 9.95 10.39

SEPAKAT SETIA PERUNDING (14142-M)
Consulting Engineer
Ultimate Moment Capacity Checks for Post-Tensioned Beam Job No. :
ULTIMATE MOMENT CAPACITY CHECKS AT MIDSPAN & OTHER SECTIONS

FOR PRECAST POST-TENSIONED BEAM USING STRAIN COMPATIBILITY METHOD
(BS5400:PART4:1990:CL.6.3.3.1)
Project : PERLIS PORT BRIDGE Designed: MB Date : 9-Nov-2019

Detail : 35mX50mX35m CONTINUOUS SPANS Checked: Dr LEE Date : 9-Nov-2019
(A) Checking Section : MIDSPAN #VALUE! ; S40T1 BEAM ; 39.00 m Effective Span
(B) Design Ultimate Moment : = 8657.54 kNm

(C) Require Ultimate Moment Capacity At Mid Span = 9956.17 kNm S40T1 BEAM
(D) Depth of Neutral Axis from Top Fibre (N.A) = 625.00 mm
(E) Calculation of Ultimate Moment Capacity 39.00 m Eff. Span

(1) Concrete Section
(i) Characteristic Strength of Precast Concrete at Service fcu = 50.00 N/mm2
(ii) Characteristic Strength of In-situ Concrete at Service fcu = 40.00 N/mm2
MIDSPAN
(iii) Material Safety Factor for Concrete gm= 1.50
(iv) Assumed Concrete Maximum Compressive Strain eu= 0.0035
Table 1 : Ultimate Moment Capacity From Concrete Section

Concrete Section Dimension Measure Depth To Section Section Centroid Centroid Concrete Compressive Moment
Section Width Height Top Fibre Bot. Fibre Area fcu Sect. fr. Top Sect. to N.A Strain Force about N.A
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm2) (N/mm2) (mm) (mm) e (kN) (kNm)
1 In-situ slab 0 0.00 0 0 0 40 0 625.0 0.00350 0.00 0.0

2 In-situ slab 1530 180.00 0 180 275400 40 90 535.0 0.00300 4920.48 2632.5
3 Top Flange 1530 100.00 180 280 153000 50 230 395.0 0.00221 3417.00 1349.7
4 Top Flange 220 345.00 280 625 75900 50 453 172.5 0.00097 1527.67 263.5
5 Top Flange 220 0.00 625 625 0 50 625 0.0 0.00000 0.00 0.0
6 Top Flange 0 0.00 625 625 0 50 625 0.0 0.00000 0.00 0.0
7 Top Flange 0 0.00 625 625 0 50 625 0.0 0.00000 0.00 0.0
8 Top Flange 0 0.00 625 625 0 50 625 0.0 0.00000 0.00 0.0
9 Top Flange 220 0.00 625 625 0 50 625 0.0 0.00000 0.00 0.0
10 Web 0 0.00 625 625 0 50 625 0.0 0.00000 0.00 0.0
625.00 O.K! 504300 9865 4246

Note : (I) Parabolic centroid = 3/8 w from start of parabolic curve, where w = depth of parabolic curve on the Stress the diagram
(II) Total depth of the section in parabolic curve (mm) = 251.56 for fcu = 50.0 N/mm2
(measure from Neutral Axis) (mm) = 225.00 for fcu = 40.0 N/mm2
(2) Prestressing Tendons

(i) Tendon Diameter f = 12.7 mm (v) Material Safety Factor for Concrete gm = 1.15
(ii) Nominal Cross Section Area of Tendon As = 98.7 mm2 (vi) Percentage of Jacking Force % = 76 %
(ii) Ultimate Characteristic Strength (UTS) PUTS = 184 kN (vii) Final Prestress Losses Lossfinal = 25.3 %
(iii) Modulus of Elasticity of Tendon Es = 195000 N/mm2 (viii) Total Effective Jacking Force per Strand Peff = 139.84 kN
(iv) Characteristic Strength of Tendon fpu = 1864.2351 N/mm2 (ix) Total Final Prestress Force per Strand after all losses Pfinal = 104.46048 kN
Table 2 : Ultimate Moment Capacity From Prestressing Tendons

Prestress Number Total Cross Depth from Prestressing Tendon Strain, e Tension Tension Moment About
Tendon Layer of Tendon Section Area Tob Fiber Strain Prestrain Total Strain Stress Force N.A Axis
From Bot. Fibre (nos) (mm2) (mm) (N/mm2) (kN) (kNm)
1 Layer 1 19 1875.3 1875 0.00700 0.00543 0.01243 1577.97 2959.18 3698.97

2 Layer 2 19 1875.3 1525 0.00504 0.00543 0.01047 1482.60 2780.32 2502.28
3 Layer 3 19 1875.3 1175 0.00308 0.00543 0.00851 1387.22 2601.46 1430.80
4 Layer 4 19 1875.3 825 0.00112 0.00543 0.00655 1276.76 2394.31 478.86
5 Layer 5 0 0 0 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00 0.00 0.00
76 7501.2 10735.26 8110.92

Note :
(i) e
Strain = u /x*(Depth of Tendon from Top Fibre - N.A Depth from Top Fibre ) (ii) Prestrain = Pfinal /As/Es
(iii) Moment of Tendon Above the N.A shall be negative and Below the N.A shall be positive.
(3) Reinforcement Bars

(i) Characteristic Strength of Steel Reinforcement fy = 460 N/mm2 (iii) Material Safety Factor for Steel Reinforcement gm = 1.15
(ii) Modulus of Elasticity of Steel Reinforcement Es = 200000 N/mm2 (iv) Maximum Compressive Strain = 0.002
Table 2 : Ultimate Moment Capacity From Steel Reinforcement

Steel Steel Depth from Strain Stress Force Moment About
Reinforcement Reinfor. Top Fibre e Compressive Tension Compressive Tension N.A. Axis
Layer Area
from. Top (mm2) (mm) (N/mm2) (N/mm2) (kN) (kN) (kNm)
1 Layer 1 4T25 1963 49.5 0.00322 333.33 0.00 654.33 0.00 376.57
2 Layer 2 2T25 982 149.5 0.00266 333.33 0.00 327.33 0.00 155.65
3 Layer 3 2T25 982 249.5 0.00210 333.33 0.00 327.33 0.00 122.91
4 Layer 4 2T16 402 329.5 0.00165 321.83 0.00 129.37 0.00 38.23
5 Layer 5 0 0 0 0.00000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
6 Layer 6 0 0 0 0.00000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
7 Layer 7 0 0 0 0.00000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
8 Layer 8 0 0 0 0.00000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
9 Layer 9 0 0 0 0.00000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
10 Layer 10 14T12 1583 2082 -0.00816 0.00 -400.00 0.00 -633.20 922.57
5912.00 1321.83 -400.00 1438.37 -633.20 1615.93

Note : (i) Force in the steel Reinforcement Above N.A shall be Compressive Force and Below N.A shall be Tension Force.
(F) Summary of Forces and Stresses
Force Moment Abt.

Compressive Tension N.A. Axis
(kN) (kN) (kNm)
Concrete Section 9865 - 4246

Prestressing Tendon - 10735 8111
Reinforcement 1438 633 1616
Total 11304 11368 13973

Difference -64.9
Remarks:
(I) PERMISSIBLE TOLERANCE FOR FORCES EQUIVALENT = 100 kN
(II) NEUTRAL AXIS IS SUITABLE, O.K!
(III) DESIGN ULTIMATE MOMENT = 8657.54 kNm
(IV) ULTIMATE MOMENT CAPACITY/DESIGN ULTIMATE MOMENT = 1.614
HENCE, ULTIMATE MOMENT CAPACITY IS ADEQUATE......O.K!

Shear Design for Post-Tensioned Beam JOB NO. :
PROJECT : PERLIS PORT BRIDGE Designed : MB Date :

DETAILS : 35mX50mX35m CONTINUOUS SPANS Checked : Dr LEE Date :
FILENAME : PERLISB40
Design Of Precast Post-Tensioned Beam At Ultimate Limit State - Shear Reinforcement Design
(BS 5400 : PART 4 : 1990 ; CL. 5.3.3 , CL. 6.3.4 & CL. 7.4.2.3)
S40T1 BEAM
Design Data :
(1) Precast Beam Section Properties 39 m Effective Span
(i) Total Height of Precast Section H = 2125 mm
(ii) Cross Section Area of Precast Section Ap = 0.824130 m2
(iii) Precast Section Centroid above Bottom Fibre yb = 1112.30 mm
Definations, Symbols and Notes
(iv) Second Moment Of Area of Precast Section Ipre = 4.8658E+00 m4 fpt = Stress due to prestress only at tensile fibre (bottom fibre)
(v) Section Modulus of Precast Section : @ Top Fibre Zt = 4.8048E+00 m3 gfL = 0.87 (see BS 5400 : Part 4 : 1990 : CL 4.2.3)
(vi) @ Bottom Fibre Zb = 4.3745E+00 m3 e = Eccentricity from centroid of tendon to centroid of precast beam
(vii) @ Composite Beam Centroid Zcentroid = 1.5851E+01 m3 Mcr = Cracking Moment at Section considered
(viii) Rib/Web Breadth of Precast Section @ Beam Ends (Supports) bend = 660 mm Vcr-i = Ultimate Cracking Shear Capacity (Equation 29 BS5400)
(ix) @ Middle of Beams bmiddle = 220 mm 0.037bdt(fcu)1/2+ (Mcr/M)(V) but not less than 0.1bd(fcu)1/2
(x) Concrete Strength @ 28 days of Precast Section fcu2 = 50 N/mm2 b = Breadth of member/breadth of rib/web,bw
dt = Eff. depth of Centroid of tendons to Extreme Compression Fibre
(2) Composite Section Properties V & M = The shear force and bending moment (both taken as +ve) at section
(i) Total Height of Composite Section Hc = 2305 mm considered due to ultimate load
(ii) Cross Section Area of Composite Section Ac = 1.1503 m2 yb,c = Distance of tensile fibre to centroid composite beam
(iii) Composite Section Centroid above Bottom Fibre yb,c = 1419.28 mm
(iv) Second moment of area of the transformed Composite Section Icomposite = 7.6205E-01 m4
(v) Modular Ratio m = 0.912 fcp = Comp. stress due to prestress at the composite centroid axis (+ve)
(3) Prestress Strand Properties gfL = 0.87 (see BS 5400 : Part 4 : 1990 : CL 4.2.3)
(i) Strand Description : Ipre = = 4.86580 m4
(ii) Nominal Cross Section Area per Strand, As = 98.70 mm2 Y = yb,c - yb = 0.30698 m
(iii) Ultimate Tensile Strength per Strand PUTS = 184.00 kN Zcentroid = Ipre /Y = 15.8505 m3
(iv) 70 % of U.T.S. per Strand Peff = 128.80 kN Vco = Ultimate shear resistance of a section uncracked in flexure
(v) Cable Length/Beam Length Lcable/beam = 39.60 m = 0.67bHc(ft2+fcpft)1/2 (Equation 28 BS5400:PART4:1990)
dt = Eff. depth of Centroid of tendons to Extreme Compression Fibre
(4) Link Rebars Properties = Hc-(yb-e)
(i) Characteristic Strength of Links Rebars fyv = 460 N/mm2
(ii) Shear Reinforcement diameter provided fv = 12 mm V1 = Horizontal Interface Shear Force
(iii) Total Leg x-Section Area per Links Asv = 226 mm2 Sc = First moment of area, about the neutral axis of the transformed
(iv) Characteristic Strength of Strands (max 460) fstrand = 460 N/mm2 composite section, of the insitu concrete to one side of the interface
(v) Characteristic Strength of Longitudinal Steel Reinforcement provided fyL = 460 N/mm2 Ae = area of fully anchoraged reinforcement per unit length crossing the
(vi) Longitudinal Steel Reinforcement diameter provided (max 12 mm) fL = 12 mm shear plane under consideration
(vii) @ Support : R.C. Shear Resistance vc = (0.27/gm)*(100As(pre)/benddt)1/3*(fcu)1/3 vc = 0.7742 N/mm2
(viii) Depth Factor §s = greater of (500/dt)1/4 or 0.7 §s = 0.8436
(5) Data To Calculate Longitudinal Shear Note :

(i) First moment of area, about the neutral axis of the transformed (1) Max. Spacing of the links : Spacing of the links along the beam should not exceeded
Composite sect., of the concrete to one side of the interface Sc = 0.19981 m3 0.75dt, nor four times the web thickness for flanged beams. When V' exceeds 1.8 V c,
(ii) Ult. long. stress in the sect. for shear plane under considered (Table 31:BS 5400:P4) v1 = 0.45 N/mm2 the max. spacing should be reduced to 0.5 dt. The lateral spacing of the individual
(iii) Constant depending on the conc. bonding across the shear plane (Table 31:BS 5400:P4) k1 = 0.09 (Surface Type 2) legs of the links provided at a cross section should not exceed 0.75dt.(V'=V-Vprtestress)
(iv) Length of Shear plane under consideration Ls = 410 mm (2) For longitudinal shear reinforcements : a minimum area of fully anchored reinf. of
(v) Embedment of The Insitu Slab = 0 mm 0.15% of the area of the contact should cross this surface; the spacing of this reinf.
(vi) Minimum thickness of the insitu top slab tslab = 180 mm should not exceed the lesser of ;
(vii) Insitu slab Width lf = 1530 mm (i) 4 times of minimum thickness of the in situ concrete flange ;
Concrete strength of insitu top slab @ 28 days fc = 40 N/mm2 (ii) 600 mm.

CALCULATE SHEAR REINFORCEMENT FOR VERTICAL FLEXURAL SHEAR & LONGITUDINAL SHEAR
Section Support 1 Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Mid Span Section 5 Section 6 Section 7 Support 2
Distance From Support Lx (m) 0.000 4.875 9.750 14.625 19.500 24.375 29.250 34.125 39.000
Distance From MidSpan Xo (m) 19.500 14.625 9.750 4.875 0.000 4.875 9.750 14.625 19.500
(1) Summary Of The Max V : VV
max (From Grillage Analysis) (kN) 1756.74 1447.65 981.00 674.69 767.67 1026.88 1598.42 1878.51 2236.36
Ultimate Design M (From Grillage Analysis) (kNm) -470.27 7129.37 11144.78 14050.76 16655.27 15165.52 12103.20 6517.00 -6685.57
Shear Forces and Max M : V (From Grillage Analysis) (kN) 1251.38 1443.07 694.27 332.92 665.85 974.40 1498.47 1888.95 2100.80
Moment Bending Mmax (From Grillage Analysis) (kNm) 407.32 7741.41 14096.30 17072.35 17653.71 16599.81 13258.64 6501.56 8657.54
(2) Prestressing Strands n = Effective No. of Strands (Nos) 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76
Information e = Eccentricity @ Centroid of Precast Beam = yb-e' (mm) -205.52 248.53 572.84 767.44 832.30 767.44 572.84 248.53 -205.52
Loss = Total % of Prestress Losses at Service (%) 25.05 23.01 21.17 20.01 20.13 20.14 21.51 23.35 25.39
Pfinal = Effective prestress Force = (n*Peff(1-%Loss)) (kN) 7336.865 7536.240 7716.244 7830.416 7818.743 7817.716 7682.849 7502.719 7303.335
(3) Vertical Component Shear e' = Combined Cables Centroid from Botttom Fibre of Beam (mm) 1317.82 863.77 539.46 344.86 280.00 344.86 539.46 863.77 1317.82
Force From Deflected Ye - Ym == Drape = (1350 - 280) = 1070 mm (mm) 1070 1070 1070 1070 1070 1070 1070 1070 1070
Tendons, Vprestress qo = Combined Deflection Angle = Atan((Ye - Ym)*(2X0/(Lbeam/2)2)) (o) 6.0759 4.5644 3.0465 1.5243 0.0000 1.5243 3.0465 4.5644 6.0759
Vprestress = gm * Pfinal * Sin(qo), where gm = 0.8 (L.A. Clark) (kN) 621.258 479.783 328.072 166.640 0.000 166.370 326.653 477.648 618.419
(4) Allowable Maximum dt = Effective depth of Tendons = Hc-(yb-e) (mm) 987.18 1441.23 1765.54 1960.14 2025.00 1960.14 1765.54 1441.23 987.18
Ultimate Applied v = Max Applied Ult.Shear Stress = [Vmaxor V-Vprestress]/bdt (N/mm2) 1.74 3.05 1.68 1.18 1.72 2.00 3.27 4.45 2.48
Shear Stress Checks Checks = Allowable Shear Stress = 0.75fcu1/2 or 4.75 N/mm2 (N/mm2) 4.75 4.75 4.75 4.75 4.75 4.75 4.75 4.75 4.75
(BS 5400:Part 4:1990:CL.5.3.3.1) Checks = Applied Ultimate Shear Stress Check : Compliance within allowable within allowable within allowable within allowable within allowable within allowable within allowable within allowable within allowable
(5) Design Of Flexure Shears :
(5a) Assume Sections fpt = gfL*(Pfinal/Ap + Pfinal*e/Zb), where gfL = 0.87 (N/mm2) - 8.33 9.02 9.46 9.55 9.45 8.99 8.29 -
Cracked in Flexure Mcr = [0.37(fcu)1/2 + fpt] * Icomposite/yb,c (kNm) - 5876.39 6250.42 6484.83 6531.41 6476.59 6229.45 5856.50 -
- For Class 1 and Class 2 member d = (H-yb+e) (mm) - 1261 1586 1780 1845 1780 1586 1261 -
(BS 5400:Part 4:1990:CL 6..3.4.3) Vcr(min) = min. required by code 0.1bdt(fcu)1/2 (kN) - 224 275 305 315 305 275 224 -
Vcr1 = 0.037bdt(fcu)1/2+ (Mcr/M)(Vmax) (kN) - 1276 652 424 418 551 924 1771 -
Vcr2 = 0.037bdt(fcu)1/2+ (Mcr/Mmax)(V) (kN) - 1178 409 239 363 493 806 1784 -
(5b) Assume Sections fcp = gfL*(Pfinal/Ap - Pfinal*e/Zcentroid) taken as positive (N/mm2) 7.828 7.853 7.903 7.936 7.897 7.924 7.869 7.818 7.792
UnCracked in Flexure ft = 0.24(fcu)1/2 taken as positive (N/mm2) 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70
(BS 5400 : Part 4:1990 : CL 6.3.4.2) Vco = 0.67bHc(ft2+fcpft)1/2 (kN) 4098 1368 1371 1374 1371 1373 1369 1365 4090
(5c) Calculations of (V - Vc) (Vmax - Max(Vcr1,Vcr(min)) - Vprestress) (kN) - -308 1 84 350 309 347 -370 -
and determination of (V - Max(Vcr2,Vcr(min) - Vprestress) (kN) - -215 -43 -139 303 315 366 -373 -
(V - Vc) Max (Vmax - Vco -Vprestress) (kN) -2963 -400 -718 -866 -603 -512 -97 36 -2472
(V - Vco -Vprestress) (kN) -3468 -404 -1005 -1207 -705 -565 -197 46 -2608
(V - Vc - Vprestress) Max (kN) -2963 -215 1 84 350 315 366 46 -2472
(V - Vc - Vprestress) Max (Double Check) (kN) -2963 -215 1 84 350 315 366 46 -2472
(5d) Flexure Shear Asv/Sv(Min) = V+0.4bdt-(Vc+Vprestress)/(0.87fyvdt) or 0.4b/(0.87fyv) (mm) 2.4566 0.2199 0.2215 0.3268 0.6519 0.6215 0.7381 0.2997 3.6778
Reinforcement Design Sv(min) Calculated (mm) 92 1029 1021 692 347 364 306 755 62
(BS 5400:Part 4:1990:CL 6.3.4.4)
(5e) Minimum Area of EXCESS AsLong(pre) : (i) Bonded Prestressing Strands EXCESS in resist bending nos 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Long. Bars/Strand Checks Total Effective area of the above Prestressing Tendons (mm2) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
( Note : The AsLong shall be the area AsLong(Bar): (ii) No. of Longitudinal reinforcement EXCESS in resist bending nos 13 11 8 6 9 10 15 16 18
of strands/rebars which are NOT Total Effective area of the above Longitudinal Bars (mm2) 1470 1244 905 679 1018 1131 1696 1810 2036
Used in the bending/ others designs.)AsLongTotal = AsLong(pre) + AsLong(Bar) (mm2) 1470 1244 905 679 1018 1131 1696 1810 2036
(In Tension Zone Only) AsLong(Min) = V /(2*0.87*fyL) (mm2) 1419 1209 816 635 959 1075 1589 1763 2021
(BS 5400:Part 4:1990:CL 6..3.4.4) Checks = Minimum AsLong Checks Compliance 'As' is Complied 'As' is Complied 'As' is Complied 'As' is Complied'As' is Complied'As' is Complied 'As' is Complied 'As' is Complied 'As' is Complied

CALCULATE SHEAR REINFORCEMENT FOR VERTICAL FLEXURAL SHEAR & LONGITUDINAL SHEAR (Continue)
Section Support 1 Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Mid Span Section 5 Section 6 Section 7 Support 2
Distance From Support Lx (m) 0.000 4.875 9.750 14.625 19.500 24.375 29.250 34.125 39.000
Distance From MidSpan Xo (m) 19.500 14.625 9.750 4.875 0.000 4.875 9.750 14.625 19.500
(6) Design Of Longitudinal Shears :
(6a) Longditudinal Shear V1 = Max(V,Vmax)*Sc/Icomposite (kN/m) 461 380 257 177 201 269 419 495 586
Reinforcement Design k1*fc*Ls (kN/m) 1476 1476 1476 1476 1476 1476 1476 1476 1476
Checks = Checking of allowable V1 Compliance O.K. O.K. O.K. O.K. O.K. O.K. O.K. O.K. O.K.
Checks The Longitudinal Shear force (V1) are not exceeded the allowable value specified in Code (BS 5400:Part 4:1990:C.L. 7.4.2.3).
(BS 5400 : Part 4:1990 : CL 7.4.2.3) Ae = the larger of (V1 - v1Ls)/(0.7fyv) and (0.15/100)*(Ls*1000) (mm2/m) 857 615 615 615 615 615 729 965 1248
Sv Calculated = Asv*1000/Ae (mm) 264 368 368 368 368 368 310 234 181
(7) Shear Reinforcement
Design Minimum of Sv Calculated (From Item (5d) & (6a)) & (mm) 92 368 368 368 347 364 306 234 62
(BS 5400:Part 4:1990:CL 6..3.4.4) Required by The Code.
No of Links required per m length = (1000/Sv) + 1 (nos) 11.9 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.9 3.7 4.3 5.3 17.3
Average No. of Links provided per m (nos) 12 5 4 4 4 4 6 7 18
-------- END OF SHEAR DESIGN ---------

Post-Tensioning Losses :

(a) Friction Loss Along Prestressing Tendon
(b) Friction Loss In The Anchorage
(c) Losses Due to Wedges Draw-in
(d) Elastic Shortening of Concrete
(2) Deferred Losses

(a) Relaxation Loss of Prestressing Tendon
(b) Shrinkage Loss of Concrete
(c) Creep Loss in Concrete
(1)(a) Friction Loss Along Prestressing Tendon

Losses due to frinction in a cable can be calculated to a relatively high degree of accuracy
by Coulomb's formula:
P(x) = Pj * e-(mq + Kx)
where,
P(x) = Post-tensioning force at a distance x from the stressing anchorage (Live end)
Pj = Post-tensioning force at the stressing anchorage
e = Base of Napierian logarithms
m = Coefficient of friction
q = Sum of angular deviations (in radian) of tendon in all planes over the distance x
K = Wobble factor (inaccuracies in placing per unit length
(1)(b) Friction Loss In The Anchorage
Not Consider in the design
(1)(c) Losses Due to Wedges Draw-in
By assuming a linear loss of prestressing force due to frincion, loss of prestressing force of
tendon per meter length/ Force Gradient,
dp = (1 - e-(mq + Kx) )Pj /Lcable
where,
dp = Loss of prestressing force in tendon per meter length/ Force Gradient
Loss of prestressing force in tendon
(1 - e-(mq + Kx) )Pj =
Lcable = Total Cable length
and the diatance affected by the draw-in of wedges,
w = (Draw-in * Es * As * n)1/2
where,
Draw-in = Draw-in of Wedges in mm
Es = Modulus of Elasticity og post-tensioning cable in kN/m2
As = Cable cross Section Area in mm2
n = Total number of prestressing cables
w = Distance affected by the draw-in of wedges (< Lcable)
Forces Along Prestressing Cable After Friction and Wedges Draw-in Losses
(i) For w < Lcable /2
Px
Loss of force due to draw-in of wedges
Pj
Dp
Pj-Dp PL
w
Live Dead
End End
Anchorage Anchorage
Length of Tendon Lcable
(ii) For w >= Lcable /2
Px
Loss of force due to draw-in of wedges
Pj
Dp
PL
Pj-Dp
w Dead
Live
End End
Anchorage Anchorage
Length of Tendon Lcable
(1)(d) Elastic Shortening Losses (BS 5400 : Part 4 : 1990 : CL. 6.7.2)
Immediately after transfer, the change in strain in the prestressing steel dep caused by elastic shortening
of the concrete is equal to the strain in the concrete at the steel level, ecp. The loss of prestress in the steel,
dfLoss is therefore :
dfLoss = 0.5(Es/Ec)*ftendon for post-tensioned beam

(ref. BS5400:Part4:Cl. 6.7.2.3)
Where,
ftendon is calculated for prestress and dead load stresses in the concrete adjacent to the tendons.
Ec is modulus of elasticity of the precast concrete at transfer
(2) Deferred Losses
The Loss of force in the tendon allowed for in the design should be the maximum relaxation
after 1000 h duration, for a jacking force equal to that imposed at transfer.
No reduction in the value of relaxation loss should be made for a tendon when a load equal to
or greater that the relevant jacking force has applied for time proir to anchoring of tendon.
Relaxation Loss as Stress,
Steel Jacking Force per strand

frelax.Loss = Relaxation (%) x Strand Cross Section Area x Assumed % Occured
At 1000h

(90% r.h) (70% r.h)
after concreting
- Shrinkage Strain used in the Design, es = per unit length

- Shrinkage Strain Loss as Stress,
fshrink.Loss = es x Es x Assumed % Occured
- The loss of prestress in the tendons due to creep of the concrete should be calculated on the assumption
that creep is proportional to stress in the concrete for stress of up to one-third of the cube strength at transfer.

(i) If the required cube strength at transfer is greater than 40.0 N/mm 2, the creep per unit length should be taken as 3.60 x 10-5 per N/mm2.

(fci/2- fci/3)
- Creep Strain ec = per N/mm2

- Modulus of Elasticity of Strand Es = kN/mm2
(I) Total Creep Loss At Stage 1

= (Stress at tendon level during Stage 1) * Creep Strain (ec) * Es * Increased Factor * Assumed % Occured
= (sStage1) * ec * Es * Increased Factor * Assumed % occured
(II) Total Creep Loss At Stage 2 ( due to additional prestressing in Stage 2 compared to Stage 1)
= (sStage2 - sStage1) * ec * Es * Increased Factor * Assumed % occured
where,
Stress in the concrete adjacent to tendons at transfer after Steel Relaxation Loss
= Stress at Tendon level after Immediate Losses - the Steel Relaxation Losses at Stage 2 Transfer

Design of Bridge 01

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SEPAKAT SETIA PERUNDING SDN BHD (14142-M)

PROJECT : PERLIS PORT BRIDGE

File name : PERLISB40

S40T1 - EDGE BEAM (T1)

(I) Number Of Stage For Stressing = 2 Stages

(II) Concrete Properties for Precast Beam:

(a) 1st Stage : (i) Concrete Cube Strength fci1 = 30 N/mm2

(III) Prestressing Strands Properties :

(a) Strand Diameter fs = 12.7 mm

(IV) Prestressing Losses Data:

Project : PERLIS PORT BRIDGE Designed : MB Date :

(1) CALCULATION OF POST-TENSIONED CABLES PROFILE

(a) Input Data

(b) Cable Profile Formula

(i) Formulae used for computing cable profile :

Y0 = Ym + (Ye - Ym) * (X0/Half beam length)2

(ii) Formulae used for computing cable angle at anchorage :

Angle = arctan(2 * Drape / Half beam length)

where, Y0 = Height of centre-line of cable from soffit at distance X0 from midspan.

(2) CABLE INFO

Height of centre-line of cable Cable angle Total Nos of

Ye Ym (mm) (degree) (nos)

(3) CALCULATION OF CABLE PROFILE

Height of centre-line of cable

Section 1 19.500 0.000 460 340 220 100

Summary of Computer Analysis Output for Post-tensioned Beam Design

Project : PERLIS PORT BRIDGE Designed : MB Date :

(i) Beam Type = S40T1 (SAG)

NOTE : UDLMoment =w/2(Lx) (Leff-Lx)

MAXIMUM BENDING MOMENT WITH CO-EXISTING SHEAR FOR PRESTRESSING DESIGN

NOMINAL - MOMENT NOMINAL MAXIMUM MOMENT (KNm)

KKHONG (DEC 1998) Page 3

S.L.S - MOMENT SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE MOMENT (KNm)

S.L.S - STRESS (fb) SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE BOTTOM STRESS (N/mm2)

S.L.S - fb(SDL+LL) SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE BOTTOM STRESS (N/mm 2)

Distance SDL + Live Loading

Support 1 0.00 0.38 0.00 0.52 0.00

KKHONG (DEC 1998) Page 4

U.L.S-DESIGN Moment ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE MOMENT (KNm)

U.L.S-DESIGN Shear ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE CO-EXISTING SHEAR FORCE (KN)

U.L.S-DESIGN TOTAL MOMENT & SHEAR FOR U.L.S-DESIGN

KKHONG (DEC 1998) Page 5

NOMINAL - MOMENT NOMINAL CO-EXISITING MOMENT (kNm)

NOMINAL - SHEAR NOMINAL MAXIMUM SHEAR FORCE (kN)

(4c) ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE FACTORS FOR SHEAR REINFORCEMENT DESIGN

KKHONG (DEC 1998) Page 6

Calculation of Prestress Losses & Differential Shrinkage At SLS

Design Data : Lbeam

(2) Precast Beam Concrete Properties

(iv) Concrete Density gcon = 24.0 kN/mm3

(3) Section Properties Of Precast Beam

(4) Stressing Cable Properties

(5) Proposed Stressing Sequence

STAGE 2 : Stress Cable "A" to = 76 % of PUTS O.K.!

(6) Jacking Force Jacking Force , Pj (kN) = n(%of PUTS)

KKHONG (OCT 1998) 7 of 21

(7) In-Situ Slab/Flange Properties

(8) Composite Beam Section Properties

(9) Modular Ratio (Einsitu/Ecu2) m = 0.912

(10) Prestress Losses Calculation Data

% of Total Final Losses During Stage 1 Stressing

(11) Post-Tensioning Cable Profile

Height of Centre-Line of Cables From Soffit of Beam