Version 2018

Acoustics: 2 Pipe DPF Example

 AVL LIST GmbH
Hans-List-Platz 1, A-8020 Graz, Austria
http://www.avl.com

AST Local Support Contact: www.avl.com/simulation-technologies

Revision Date Description Document No.

A 28-Feb-2015
B 26-Feb-2016
C 30-Oct-2016
D 26-May-2017
E 02-Feb-2018
BOOST v2014.1 – 2 Pipe DPF 01.0112.2014.1
BOOST v2016 – 2 Pipe DPF 01.0112.2016
BOOSTTM v2017 – 2 Pipe DPF 01.0112.2017
BOOSTTM v2017.1 – 2 Pipe DPF 01.0112.2017.1
BOOSTTM v2018 – 2 Pipe DPF 01.0112.2018

Copyright © 2018, AVL

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consent of AVL.

This document describes how to run the BOOST TM software. It does not attempt to discuss all the
concepts of 1D gas dynamics required to obtain successful solutions. It is the user’s responsibility to
determine if he/she has sufficient knowledge and understanding of gas dynamics to apply this
software appropriately.

This software and document are distributed solely on an "as is" basis. The entire risk as to their
quality and performance is with the user. Should either the software or this document prove defective,
the user assumes the entire cost of all necessary servicing, repair or correction. AVL and its
distributors will not be liable for direct, indirect, incidental or consequential damages resulting from
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damage.

BOOSTTM is a trademark of AVL LIST. BOOSTTM will be referred as BOOST in this manual.

All mentioned trademarks and registered trademarks are owned by the corresponding owners.
Contents
1. 2 Pipe DPF Model ............................................................................................5
1.1. Design the Model ................................................................................................................... 5
1.2. General Input Data – Linear Acoustics .................................................................................. 6
1.3. Element Input Data ................................................................................................................ 7
1.3.1. System Boundaries ......................................................................................................... 7
1.3.2. Pipes ............................................................................................................................... 8
1.4. Favorites ................................................................................................................................ 9
1.5. Case Explorer ........................................................................................................................ 9
1.6. Save the Model .................................................................................................................... 10
1.7. Run Simulation .................................................................................................................... 10
1.8. Post-processing ................................................................................................................... 11
1.9. General Input Data – Cycle Simulation ............................................................................... 11
1.10. Element Input Data ............................................................................................................ 12
1.10.1. System Boundaries ..................................................................................................... 13
1.10.2. Pipes ........................................................................................................................... 13
1.10.3. Measuring Points ........................................................................................................ 13
1.11. Save the Model .................................................................................................................. 13
1.12. Run Simulation .................................................................................................................. 14
1.13. Post-processing ................................................................................................................. 14

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1. 2 PIPE DPF MODEL

The next model is an example of a 1D fully parametrized acoustic DPF model. This model
can be used for acoustic analysis of standalone DPF’s or as part of a system. The geometry
parametrization is done via the Favorites option to enable the user quick and easy geometry
modifications of the DPF via the Favorites GUI.

Figure 1-1: DPF Schematic

NOTE
This example does not deal with the detailed DPF properties, but with the model setup for
acoustic simulations.

1.1. Design the Model

The core of the DPF model is marked with the rectangle, Figure 1-2. It is predefined and is
stored in a DPF.mod file under the installation examples and can be as such loaded into any
user model with Edit | Modules | Load Module. Additionally the favorites file, DPF.fav has
to be loaded with Model | Favorites Designed and File | Import. After import close the
Favorites Designer. For more details on Favorites please refer to the User Guide.

For acoustic simulations the model has to be modified, as shown in Figure 1-2, by placing the
missing elements in the working area and connecting them. Be aware that pipe direction
influences Liner Acoustics Results so they need to be connected correctly.

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Figure 1-2: 2-Pipe DPF Acoustic Model

Insert the following missing elements:

• 2 System Boundaries
• 2 Pipes

• 2 Measuring Points

First place the system boundaries as shown in the Figure 1-2, then by using the connection

button , connect all elements with pipes. Again, be careful of pipe orientation.

NOTE
This model, with required modifications, can be used with BOOST Linear Acoustics as well as
with BOOST Cycle Simulation.

1.2. General Input Data – Linear Acoustics

BOOST requires the specification of the general input data prior to the input of any element.
The global input data must be defined first. Select SimulationControl to open the following
window.
1. SIMULATION TASKS

Click on the Simulation Tasks sub-group folder in the tree and select Liner Acoustics.

2. LINEAR ACOUSTICS

Click on Linear Acoustics and enter the following data:

Minimum Frequency 1 Hz

Maximum Frequency 2000 Hz

Frequency Points 101

Reference for Insertion Loss None

3. LINEAR ACOUSTICS | INITIALIZATION

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Click on the Initialization sub-group folder to access the Initialization window

Combustion
Pressure Temperature Fuel Vapour A/F ratio
Products

bar degC [-] [-] [-]

1 1 20 0 0 14.5

Here various sets for initialization can be defined. For Linear Acoustic simulations usually only
one set for initialization is used.

1.3. Element Input Data

Next only the input for the additional elements are presented. The DPF model itself should not
be modified by the user.

Select the displayed element with the right mouse button and select Properties from the
submenu to open the relevant data input window. Alternatively double click on the element
with the right mouse button.

1.3.1. System Boundaries

SYSTEM BOUNDARY 1

Click on System Boundary 1 and enter the following data:

1. GENERAL

Boundary Type Acoustic Source

2. BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

Global Boundary Conditions

Preference Set 1

3. FLOW COEFFICIENTS
Pipe 5 Inflow 1

Pipe 5 Outflow 1

4. LINEAR ACOUSTICS
Flow Definition Mach Number

Mach Number 0

Impedance Source: Exhaust

Strength Pressure

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5. PRESSURE

Frequency (X) Strength Real (Y) Strength Imag. (Y)

Hz Bar bar

1 1 0.001 0

SYSTEM BOUNDARY 2

1. GENERAL

Boundary Type Anechoic Termination

2. BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

Global Boundary Conditions

Preference Set 1

3. FLOW COEFFICIENTS

Pipe 6 Inflow 1
Pipe 6 Outflow 1

4. LINEAR ACOUSTICS

Flow Definition Mach Number

Mach Number 0

Termination enabled

Impedance Freespace
Strength None

1.3.2. Pipes
The input data is almost the same for all pipes, except for the pipe length and diameter. Firstly
all identical input data is described, then the diameter and length are shown in the table
below.
First enter the identical data into one element and use Element | Copy Data option to copy
these data to other elements. Afterwards enter the element specific data to individual
elements.
PIPES

1. GENERAL

Lam. Friction Coeff. 64

Turbulent friction Coefficient

Friction Coefficient 0.019

2. INITIALIZATION
Global Initialization

Preference Set 1

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3. LINEAR ACOUSTICS

Flow Definition Mach Number

Mach Number 0

Pipe name Pipe Length [mm] Diameter [mm]

Pipe 5 100 50
Pipe 6 100 50

Additional settings for Pipe 2:

PIPE 2

1. GENERAL

Absorptive Material enabled

2. ABSORPTIVE MATERIAL

Flow Resistivity Assign new parameter (global) named

Flow_Resistivity

Material Porosity Assign new parameter (global) named

Porosity

1.4. Favorites
Open the Favorites GUI by selecting Model | Favorites to modify the DPF geometry.

Figure 1-3: Favorites GUI for Geometrical Modifications of the DPF

1.5. Case Explorer

Open the Case Explorer by selecting Model | Case Explorer. Select Edit Parameter Group
and move the two created/assigned parameters to the Used Parameters as shown in Figure
1-4.

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2 Pipe DPF Model | 10

Figure 1-4: Add Parameters to Used Parameters

Figure 1-5: Non-Geometrical Properties of the DPF

1.6. Save the Model

For post-processing and in particular for the support of case sets and cases in IMPRESS
Chart, result files must be loaded from a specific project structure (lower case).

First create a project directory, then the client directory named boost where the model is
stored. The results directories and files are created automatically.
Save the model as dpf.bwf into the boost folder.

Figure 1-6: Project Structure

1.7. Run Simulation

Select SimulationRun or click on and select Model Creation and Linear Acoustics.
Select Run to start the simulation.

A window opens which provides an overview of the status of the simulation. Double click on
the row of the desired simulation to view a more detailed information of the simulation run
produced by the simulation kernel. Once the job is complete select OK to exit this window
and then Close to exit the simulation status window.

AVL BOOSTTM - Acoustics: 2 Pipe DPF

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1.8. Post-processing
Select SimulationShow Results to open IMPRESS Chart or click on Show Results
button to open IMPRESS Chart Select the Results tab to display the tree and select the
Linear Acoustics folder with the right mouse button. Select Model view from the submenu to
display the model below the tree. Plot the desired results in the layers. To add new layers
press Insert Layer button. To add more pages click on Report tab and select
Insert Page button. Results for TL from System 1 are plotted in Figure 1-7.

Figure 1-7: DPF Transmission Loss Linear Acoustics

1.9. General Input Data – Cycle Simulation

To be able to use the same model also for BOOST Cycle Simulation the following additional
setting have to be defined on the above created model. Select SimulationControl to open
the following window.

1. SIMULATION TASKS

Click on the Simulation Tasks sub-group folder in the tree and select Cycle Simulation.

NOTE
Cycle Simulation enables nonlinear acoustics.

2. CYCLE SIMULATION

Click on the Cycle Simulation sub-group folder in the tree.

Species Transport: Classic (default)

Non-Engine Application
Reference Speed 1200 rpm
Reference Cycle Type 4-Stroke

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Simulation Interval
End of Simulation 10 cycle(s)
Convergence Control disabled
Spatial Pipe Discretization
Average Cell Size 5 mm

3. CLASSIC SPECIES TRANSPORT

Use default values.

4. INITIALIZATION

Click on the Initialization sub-group folder to access the Initialization window

Combustion
Pressure Temperature Fuel Vapour A/F ratio
Products

bar degC [-] [-] [-]

1 1 20 0 0 14.5

5. RESTART CONTROL

Restart Simulation No

Restart File Saving Interval Specific Interval

Saving Interval 1

6. OUTPUT CONTROL

Traces
Saving Interval 1 deg

Reference Ambient Conditions

Pressure 1 bar
Temperature 24.85 degC

1.10. Element Input Data

Some of the elements require additional setting to perform a BOOST Cycle Simulation non-
linear acoustic simulation. Compared to BOOST LA, BOOST CS requires also some
additional elements.
Select the displayed element with the right mouse button and select Properties from the
submenu to open the relevant data input window. Alternatively double click on the element
with the right mouse button.

NOTE
Next only additional required data and elements are shown.

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1.10.1. System Boundaries

SYSTEM BOUNDARY 1

Click on System Boundary 1 and enter the following data:

1. ACOUSTIC SOURCE
Minimum Frequency 10 Hz

Maximum Frequency 2000 Hz

Mean Pressure 1 bar

Delta Pressure 0.0005 bar

Transmission Loss enabled

2. TRANSMISSION LOSS
Upstream Measuring Point Measuring Point 1

Downstream Measuring Point Measuring Point 2

1.10.2. Pipes
PIPES

1. GENERAL

Gas/Wall Heat Transfer Colburn

Heat Transfer Factor 1

Wall Temperature 26.58

1.10.3. Measuring Points

MEASURING POINT 1

Click on Measuring Point 1 and enter the following data:

1. GENERAL
Location of Measuring Point from Upsteram Pipe End 50 mm

Output Extent Extended

MEASURING POINT 2

Click on Measuring Point 2 and enter the following data:

1. GENERAL

Location of Measuring Point from Upsteram Pipe End 50 mm

Output Extent Extended

1.11. Save the Model

After entering the required data for the BOOST Cycle Simulation overwrite the existing model.
Now the model is defined for linear and non-linear simulation.

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2 Pipe DPF Model | 14

1.12. Run Simulation

Select SimulationRun or click on and select cases, Model Creation and Cycle
Simulation. Select Run to start the simulation.

A window opens which provides an overview of the status of the simulation. Double click on
the row of the desired simulation to view a more detailed information of the simulation run
produced by the simulation kernel. Once the job is complete select OK to exit this window
and then Close to exit the simulation status window.

1.13. Post-processing
Select SimulationShow MessagesCycle Simulation to check for convergence warnings
and relevant information.

Select SimulationShow SummaryCycle Simulation to check summary information about

the simulation run, e.g. overall engine performance.

Select SimulationShow Results to open IMPRESS Chart or click on Show Results

button to open IMPRESS Chart. Select the Results tab to display the tree and select the
Simulation folder with the right mouse button. Select Model view from the submenu to
display the model below the tree. Plot the desired results in the layers. To add new layers
press Insert Layer button. To add more pages click on Report tab and select
Insert Page button. Results are shown in Figure 1-8.

Figure 1-8: DPF Transmission Loss Non-Linear

AVL BOOSTTM - Acoustics: 2 Pipe DPF