5 layers (stratas) of atmosphere

1. ……………………………………………
2………………………………………………
3………………………………………………
4………………………………………………
5………………………………………………
Atmospheric strata Characteristics and roles
The air is very thin, bottom layer has a stable temperature and suitable
for commercial airplane flights
Cloudless and free of water vapour
Bottom part of this layer known as ionosphere
Ionosphere has very high temperature due to the presence of charged
particles and ions
80% consists of atmospheric gases
Contains 99% of the water vapour present in the atmosphere
Weather changes such as clouds, rain, snow and lightning happen here
Coldest layer
Most meteors burns and decompose to become shiny gas when entering
this layer
Density of the air decreases from an altitude of 500km until it reaches
zero or vacuum
Satellites orbirt in this layer
Consists of widely dispersed particles such as hydrogen and helium

Ocean can be divided into 3 main zones

1. …………………………………………….

2. ……………………………………………...

3. ………………………………………………
Ocean zones Characteristics

Little light penetrates this zone and insufficient for photosynthesis

Known as dusk zone or dysphotic zone, no aquatic plants live here
Suitable for large marine animals

No light can penetrate except light emitted by the animals

Known as aphotic zone
Water pressure is very high.
Bodies of animals than can shine or glow in the dark

Light can penetrate in this zone and plants can carry out
photosynthesis
Heat is absorbed into this zone and warms up the sea water
Known as euphotic zone
 Water Cycle

spring Melting of snow

into the river

Diffusion of
groundwater

Water stored in the

ocean

Earth Layers
1. .…………………………………………..
2. ……………………………………………
3. ……………………………………………

Physical Properties of the Earth’s layers

31.3% mass 0.3% mass 68.4% mass

16% earth volume 1% earth volume 83% earth volume
3480 km depthness Between 5km below the ocean 2866 km
40km below the continents
80km below the mountains

Chemical Properties of the Earth’s structure

Solid rocks Cooler, strong and hard rocks Semi-liquid rocks

-silicon, oxygen, sulphur, High :Silicon, magnesium, iron Silicon, oxygen, iron and
magnesium Low: aluminium, sodium, potassium magnesium
00.