Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Corrosion Resistant Steels and Alloys in the Oil & Gas Industry 1
© SMI – Steel Market Intelligence GmbH & Quest Offshore Resources, Inc. 2013
- Disclaimer & Copyright -
COPYRIGHT PROTECTION
This report, or any information contained therein, shall not be copied, transmitted or
disclosed, whether in print, electronic or other any other form. All rights in this SMI &
Quest Publication are reserved to SMI GmbH and Quest Offshore Resources, Inc.
Buyers shall use all information contained in this report solely for their own internal
business purposes. Buyers shall not disclose any information (also parts of the
information) to any other person, and shall take all reasonable measures to ensure
its confidentiality.
Buyers shall allow access to this SMI & Quest Publication (in any printed or
electronic format) only to employees of the Buyer. If an employer leaves the Buyer’s
company, the Buyer has to ensure that no copies of this report or parts thereof are
transferred to a new employer.
This report shall only be used within the premises of the Buyer’s office. The usage of
the report or parts thereof in branch offices or associated companies of the Buyer
requires the written approval of SMI GmbH and Quest Offshore Resources, Inc.
Corrosion Resistant Steels and Alloys in the Oil & Gas Industry 2
© SMI – Steel Market Intelligence GmbH & Quest Offshore Resources, Inc. 2013
- Contents -
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Disclaimer and Copyright .............................................................................. 2
Disclaimer ................................................................................................... 2
Copyright Protection .................................................................................. 2
Table of Contents ........................................................................................... 3
1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 16
1.1 Steel Types Covered in This Report ................................................. 18
1.2 Material Selection Critera ................................................................... 19
2 Market Volumes and Structures .......................................................... 21
2.1 Market Volumes by Steel Type .......................................................... 21
2.1.1 Steel Demand in Tonnage ............................................................. 22
2.1.2 Steel Demand: Tonnage vs. Value................................................. 23
2.2 Market Volumes by Product Form ..................................................... 24
2.2.1 All Steel Types ............................................................................... 24
2.2.2 Alloy Steel ...................................................................................... 26
2.2.3 Stainless Steel ............................................................................... 27
2.2.4 Nickel Alloy..................................................................................... 28
2.3 Market Structures by Grade and Product Form ............................... 29
2.3.1 Alloy Steel ...................................................................................... 29
2.3.2 Stainless Steel ............................................................................... 30
2.3.3 Nickel Alloys ................................................................................... 31
2.3.4 Detailed Summary Table ................................................................ 32
2.4 Market Volumes by Region ................................................................ 33
2.4.1 Overview ........................................................................................ 33
2.4.2 Alloy Steel ...................................................................................... 34
2.4.3 Stainless Steel ............................................................................... 35
2.4.4 Nickel Alloys ................................................................................... 36
2.5 Share of Oil and Gas from Total Steel Demand ............................... 37
2.5.1 Stainless Steel ............................................................................... 37
2.5.2 Nickel Alloys ................................................................................... 39
3 Description of Applications ................................................................. 40
3.1 Overview .............................................................................................. 40
3.1.1 Applications Covered – Summary Steel Type ................................ 41
3.1.2 Applications Covered – Summary Product Forms.......................... 42
3.1.3 Top Applications for Alloy Steel...................................................... 43
3.1.4 Top Applications for Stainless Steel ............................................... 44
3.1.5 Top Applications for Nickel Alloys .................................................. 45
3.2 Drill String ........................................................................................... 46
3.2.1 Introduction .................................................................................... 46
3.2.2 Drill String Components ................................................................. 47
Corrosion Resistant Steels and Alloys in the Oil & Gas Industry 3
© SMI – Steel Market Intelligence GmbH & Quest Offshore Resources, Inc. 2013
- Contents -
3.2.3 Product Forms Used ...................................................................... 61
3.2.4 Grades Used .................................................................................. 62
3.2.5 Standards, Certificates & Testing ................................................... 64
3.2.6 Supply Chain .................................................................................. 65
3.3 Blowout Preventers ............................................................................ 67
3.3.1 Introduction .................................................................................... 67
3.3.2 Ram Type BOP Components ......................................................... 70
3.3.3 Annular Type BOP Components .................................................... 74
3.3.4 Product Forms Used ...................................................................... 76
3.3.5 Grades Used .................................................................................. 76
3.3.6 Standards, Certificates & Testing ................................................... 77
3.3.7 Supply Chain .................................................................................. 77
3.4 Wellheads ............................................................................................ 78
3.4.1 Introduction .................................................................................... 78
3.4.2 Conventional Surface Wellheads (Spool Design)........................... 79
3.4.3 Subsea Wellheads ......................................................................... 88
3.4.4 Product Forms Used ...................................................................... 95
3.4.5 Grades Used .................................................................................. 96
3.4.6 Standards, Certificates & Testing ................................................... 97
3.4.7 Supply Chain .................................................................................. 99
3.5 Casing and Tubing ........................................................................... 100
3.5.1 Introduction .................................................................................. 100
3.5.2 Product Forms Used .................................................................... 103
3.5.3 Grades Used ................................................................................ 104
3.5.4 Standards, Certificates & Testing ................................................. 109
3.5.5 Supply Chain ................................................................................ 110
3.6 Downhole Tools ................................................................................ 111
3.6.1 Introduction .................................................................................. 111
3.6.2 Downhole Hardware Components ............................................... 112
3.6.3 Product Forms Used .................................................................... 117
3.6.4 Grades Used ................................................................................ 118
3.6.5 Standards, Certificates & Testing ................................................. 121
3.6.6 Supply Chain ................................................................................ 122
3.7 Subsea Trees/Christmas Trees ....................................................... 124
3.7.1 Introduction .................................................................................. 124
3.7.2 Subsea Tree Components ........................................................... 125
3.7.3 Surface Tree/Dry Tree Components ............................................ 133
3.7.4 Product Forms Used .................................................................... 134
3.7.5 Grades Used ................................................................................ 135
3.7.6 Standards, Certificates & Testing ................................................. 136
3.7.7 Supply Chain ................................................................................ 136
3.8 Subsea Manifolds ............................................................................. 137
Corrosion Resistant Steels and Alloys in the Oil & Gas Industry 4
© SMI – Steel Market Intelligence GmbH & Quest Offshore Resources, Inc. 2013
- Contents -
3.8.1 Introduction .................................................................................. 137
3.8.2 Manifold Components .................................................................. 137
3.8.3 Product Forms Used .................................................................... 140
3.8.4 Grades Used ................................................................................ 140
3.9 Jumpers ............................................................................................. 141
3.9.1 Introduction .................................................................................. 141
3.9.2 Product Forms Used .................................................................... 142
3.9.3 Grades Used ................................................................................ 144
3.10 Flowlines/Pipelines ......................................................................... 145
3.10.1 Introduction ................................................................................ 145
3.10.2 Introduction to Clad Pipes .......................................................... 146
3.10.3 Product Forms Used .................................................................. 151
3.10.4 Grades Used .............................................................................. 152
3.10.5 Standards, Certificates & Testing ............................................... 157
3.10.6 Supply Chain .............................................................................. 158
3.11 Risers ............................................................................................... 159
3.11.1 Types of Risers .......................................................................... 160
3.11.2 Riser Joints ................................................................................ 174
3.11.3 Product Forms Used .................................................................. 177
3.11.4 Grades Used .............................................................................. 178
3.11.5 Supply Chain .............................................................................. 180
3.11.6 Standards, Certificates & Testing ............................................... 181
3.12 Subsea Connectors ........................................................................ 182
3.12.1 Types of Subsea Connectors ..................................................... 182
3.12.2 Product Forms Used .................................................................. 197
3.12.3 Grades Used .............................................................................. 197
3.12.4 Standards, Certificates & Testing ............................................... 197
3.12.5 Supply Chain .............................................................................. 198
3.13 Umbilicals and Flying Leads.......................................................... 199
3.13.1 Introduction ................................................................................ 199
3.13.2 Product Forms Used .................................................................. 203
3.13.3 Grades Used .............................................................................. 204
3.13.4 Standard, Certificates & Testing................................................. 206
3.13.5 Supply Chain .............................................................................. 207
3.14 Subsea Control Units ..................................................................... 209
3.14.1 Types of Subsea Control Units................................................... 209
3.14.2 Product Forms Used .................................................................. 215
3.14.3 Grades Used .............................................................................. 216
3.14.4 Standards, Certificates & Testing ............................................... 216
3.14.5 Supply Chain .............................................................................. 216
3.15 Subsea Sensors .............................................................................. 217
3.15.1 Introduction ................................................................................ 217
Corrosion Resistant Steels and Alloys in the Oil & Gas Industry 5
© SMI – Steel Market Intelligence GmbH & Quest Offshore Resources, Inc. 2013
- Contents -
3.15.2 Types of Sensors ....................................................................... 217
3.15.3 Product Forms Used .................................................................. 219
3.15.4 Grades Used .............................................................................. 219
3.16 Control & Injection Lines, Tube Bundles ...................................... 220
3.16.1 Introduction ................................................................................ 220
3.16.2 Product Forms Used .................................................................. 222
3.16.3 Grades Used .............................................................................. 223
3.16.4 Standards, Certificates, Testing ................................................. 223
3.16.5 Supply Chain .............................................................................. 224
3.17 Wirelines and Slicklines ................................................................. 225
3.17.1 Product Forms Used .................................................................. 225
3.17.2 Grades Used .............................................................................. 226
3.18 Topsides .......................................................................................... 227
3.18.1 Introduction ................................................................................ 227
3.18.2 Product Forms Used .................................................................. 249
3.18.3 Grades Used .............................................................................. 250
3.18.4 Standards, Certificate, Testing ................................................... 252
3.18.5 Supply Chain .............................................................................. 255
3.19 Subsea Processing ......................................................................... 256
3.19.1 Introduction ................................................................................ 256
3.20 FPSO ................................................................................................ 264
3.20.1 Swivel Stack ............................................................................... 264
3.20.2 Tubes & Pipes ............................................................................ 268
3.20.3 Topsides .................................................................................... 268
3.21 LNG .................................................................................................. 269
3.21.1 Introduction ................................................................................ 269
3.21.2 Stainless Steel Usage for LNG................................................... 269
3.22 Pumps .............................................................................................. 280
3.22.1 Introduction ................................................................................ 280
3.22.2 Product Forms Used .................................................................. 301
3.22.3 Grades Used .............................................................................. 301
3.22.4 Standards, Certificates & Testing ............................................... 302
3.22.5 Supply Chain .............................................................................. 305
3.23 Fracking Pumps .............................................................................. 306
3.24 Compressors................................................................................... 309
3.24.1 Introduction ................................................................................ 309
3.24.2 Product Forms Used .................................................................. 315
3.24.3 Grades Used .............................................................................. 315
3.24.4 Standards, Certificates & Testing ............................................... 316
3.24.5 Supply Chain .............................................................................. 316
3.25 Valves .............................................................................................. 317
3.25.1 Introduction ................................................................................ 317
Corrosion Resistant Steels and Alloys in the Oil & Gas Industry 6
© SMI – Steel Market Intelligence GmbH & Quest Offshore Resources, Inc. 2013
- Contents -
3.25.2 Subsea Valves ........................................................................... 317
3.25.3 Types of Valves.......................................................................... 318
3.25.4 Product Forms Used .................................................................. 363
3.25.5 Grades Used .............................................................................. 363
3.25.6 Standards, Certificates, Testing ................................................. 364
3.25.7 Supply Chain .............................................................................. 367
3.26 Actuators ......................................................................................... 368
3.26.1 Main Components of Actuators .................................................. 369
3.26.2 Product Forms Used .................................................................. 372
3.26.3 Grades Used .............................................................................. 372
4 Macro Trends and Drivers .................................................................. 373
4.1 Macroeconomic and Energy ............................................................ 373
4.2 Life Cycle of a Field Development ................................................... 381
4.2.1 Assessment, Exploration, Appraisal and Definition ...................... 382
4.2.2 Concept Selection ........................................................................ 386
4.2.3 Project Sanctioning ...................................................................... 389
4.2.4 Front-End Engineering & Design (FEED) & Engineering ............. 390
4.2.5 Execute ........................................................................................ 391
4.2.6 Operate ........................................................................................ 394
4.3 Spending Trends .............................................................................. 395
4.3.1 International E&P Spending Outlook ............................................ 395
4.3.2 Offshore Capex / Spending Models ............................................. 397
4.4 Oil & Gas Development Trends ....................................................... 400
4.4.1 Water Depth Trends in the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry ........... 401
4.4.2 High Pressure and High Temperature Trends ............................. 403
4.4.3 Project Economics and Final Investment Decisions ..................... 405
4.4.4 The Shale Transformation ............................................................ 409
4.5 Technology Focus: Subsea Processing ......................................... 417
4.5.1 Subsea Processing Components ................................................. 417
4.5.2 Subsea Boosting .......................................................................... 418
4.5.3 Subsea Separation....................................................................... 420
4.5.4 Subsea Gas Compression ........................................................... 422
4.6 Regional Trends................................................................................ 423
4.6.1 North America .............................................................................. 425
4.6.2 South America.............................................................................. 432
4.6.3 The North Sea, Arctic and Europe ............................................... 435
4.6.4 Africa ............................................................................................ 438
4.6.5 Asia, Australia and the Indian Subcontinent ................................. 441
4.7 Operator Trends................................................................................ 444
5 Oil & Gas Market Forecasts................................................................ 449
5.1 Introduction ....................................................................................... 449
5.2 Drilling Rig Supply and Rig Construction ...................................... 449
Corrosion Resistant Steels and Alloys in the Oil & Gas Industry 7
© SMI – Steel Market Intelligence GmbH & Quest Offshore Resources, Inc. 2013
- Contents -
5.3 Overall Fleet Trends ......................................................................... 453
5.3.1 Jack-Up Rigs ................................................................................ 455
5.3.2 Subsea Blowout Preventers ......................................................... 457
5.4 Exploration, Appraisal and Development Drilling.......................... 458
5.4.1 Deepwater Drilling ........................................................................ 458
5.4.2 Shallow Water Drilling .................................................................. 463
5.4.3 Onshore Drilling ........................................................................... 465
5.4.4 Subsea Wellheads ....................................................................... 466
5.5 Subsea Trees .................................................................................... 468
5.5.1 Subsea Equipment Suppliers ....................................................... 469
5.5.2 Technology Evolution ................................................................... 474
5.5.3 Water Depth Progression ............................................................. 475
5.5.4 Regional Subsea Analysis ........................................................... 477
5.6 Manifolds ........................................................................................... 482
5.7 Subsea Production Umbilicals and Flying Leads .......................... 485
5.7.1 Steel & Thermoplastic .................................................................. 486
5.7.2 Umbilical Manufacturers & Product Mix ....................................... 490
5.7.3 Steel Tube Umbilical Manufacturers & Market Share................... 491
5.7.4 Global Steel Tube Umbilical Forecast & Outlook ......................... 496
5.7.5 Regional Steel Tube Umbilical Forecasts & Dynamics ................ 499
5.7.6 Flying Leads ................................................................................. 507
5.8 Deepwater Flowlines ........................................................................ 509
5.8.1 Processing Hosts, Infield Flowlines and Export Pipelines ............ 509
5.8.2 Infield Flowline Design: Flexible & Rigid Steel ............................. 510
5.8.3 Installation Methods and Vessels ................................................. 512
5.8.4 Global Flowline Installation Forecasts .......................................... 517
5.8.5 Regional Infield Flowline Installation Highlights............................ 520
5.8.6 Jumpers ....................................................................................... 525
5.9 Risers ................................................................................................. 527
5.10 Floating Production Systems and Platforms ............................... 530
5.10.1 Floating Production Storage and Offloading Units ..................... 531
5.10.2 Semi-Submersible Production Units........................................... 535
5.10.3 Tension Leg Platforms ............................................................... 537
5.10.4 Spar Production Units ................................................................ 540
5.10.5 Floating Liquefied Natural Gas Units.......................................... 542
5.10.6 Fixed Platforms .......................................................................... 544
5.11 Subsea Processing ......................................................................... 545
5.11.1 Subsea Technology Key Players ............................................... 546
5.12 LNG .................................................................................................. 551
6 Steel Demand Forecast ...................................................................... 553
6.1 Forecast by Steel Type ..................................................................... 553
6.1.1 Overview ...................................................................................... 553
Corrosion Resistant Steels and Alloys in the Oil & Gas Industry 8
© SMI – Steel Market Intelligence GmbH & Quest Offshore Resources, Inc. 2013
- Contents -
6.1.2 Alloy Steel .................................................................................... 554
6.1.3 Stainless Steel ............................................................................. 555
6.1.4 Nickel Alloy................................................................................... 556
6.2 Forecast by Product Form ............................................................... 557
6.2.1 Rolled & Forged Bars ................................................................... 557
6.2.2 Tube & Pipe ................................................................................. 558
6.3 Detailed Summary Tables ................................................................ 559
7 Price Trends ........................................................................................ 560
7.1 Oil & Gas Price Trends ..................................................................... 560
7.2 Raw Materials Price Trends ............................................................. 563
7.2.1 Nickel ........................................................................................... 563
7.2.2 Chrome ........................................................................................ 565
7.2.3 Molybdenum................................................................................. 566
7.3 Capacity Utilization Scenarios......................................................... 567
7.3.1 Duplex and Nickel Alloy OCTG .................................................... 567
7.3.2 Umbilicals ..................................................................................... 568
8 End Users of Special Steel in Oil & Gas............................................ 569
8.1 Major Oil Companies ........................................................................ 569
8.1.1 BP ................................................................................................ 569
8.1.2 Chevron ....................................................................................... 573
8.1.3 Eni ................................................................................................ 576
8.1.4 ExxonMobil................................................................................... 579
8.1.5 Shell ............................................................................................. 583
8.1.6 Total ............................................................................................. 587
8.2 National Oil Companies.................................................................... 590
8.2.1 ADNOC ........................................................................................ 590
8.2.2 CNOOC ........................................................................................ 591
8.2.3 Kuwait Petroleum Corporation ..................................................... 594
8.2.4 PEMEX ........................................................................................ 595
8.2.5 Petrobras ..................................................................................... 597
8.2.6 Petronas ....................................................................................... 603
8.2.7 Qatar Petroleum .......................................................................... 604
8.2.8 Saudi Aramco............................................................................... 605
8.2.9 Statoil ........................................................................................... 606
8.3 Independent Oil Companies ............................................................ 610
8.3.1 Anadarko ...................................................................................... 610
8.3.2 Cobalt International Energy .......................................................... 613
8.3.3 ConocoPhilips .............................................................................. 615
8.3.4 Noble Energy ............................................................................... 617
8.4 EPC and Marine Construction Contractors .................................... 620
8.4.1 List of Companies ........................................................................ 620
8.4.2 Allseas ......................................................................................... 621
Corrosion Resistant Steels and Alloys in the Oil & Gas Industry 9
© SMI – Steel Market Intelligence GmbH & Quest Offshore Resources, Inc. 2013
- Contents -
8.4.3 EMAS .......................................................................................... 623
8.4.4 Heerema Marine Contractors ....................................................... 625
8.4.5 McDermott.................................................................................... 627
8.4.6 Saipem ......................................................................................... 629
8.4.7 Subsea 7 ...................................................................................... 631
8.4.8 Technip ........................................................................................ 634
8.5 Shipyards .......................................................................................... 637
8.5.1 Korean Shipyards......................................................................... 637
8.5.2 Singapore Shipyards .................................................................... 640
8.5.3 Chinese Shipyards ....................................................................... 643
8.6 Drilling Contractors .......................................................................... 646
8.6.1 Diamond Offshore ........................................................................ 646
8.6.2 ENSCO ........................................................................................ 648
8.6.3 Noble............................................................................................ 650
8.6.4 Seadrill ......................................................................................... 652
8.6.5 Transocean .................................................................................. 654
8.7 Umbilical Manufacturers .................................................................. 656
8.7.1 Aker Solutions .............................................................................. 656
8.7.2 Nexans ......................................................................................... 658
8.7.3 Oceaneering................................................................................. 660
8.7.4 Parker .......................................................................................... 663
8.7.5 Technip ........................................................................................ 665
8.8 Equipment Manufacturers................................................................ 666
8.8.1 List of Companies ........................................................................ 666
8.8.2 Aker Solutions .............................................................................. 670
8.8.3 Cameron ...................................................................................... 672
8.8.4 Dril-Quip ....................................................................................... 674
8.8.5 FMC Technologies ....................................................................... 676
8.8.6 GE Oil & Gas................................................................................ 678
8.8.7 Baker Hughes .............................................................................. 681
8.8.8 Halliburton .................................................................................... 683
8.8.9 National Oilwell Varco (NOV) ....................................................... 685
8.8.10 Schlumberger ............................................................................. 687
8.8.11 Weatherford ............................................................................... 689
8.8.12 ACE OCTG ................................................................................ 691
8.8.13 Amega West Services (Carpenter Group) .................................. 693
8.8.14 American Hollow Boring ............................................................. 694
8.8.15 AusGroup Singapore.................................................................. 695
8.8.16 Drilmaco ..................................................................................... 696
8.8.17 Dyna-Drill Technologies ............................................................. 697
8.8.18 Faxon Machining ........................................................................ 698
8.8.19 Fong Lee Metal Industries .......................................................... 699
8.8.20 Hayer Engineering ..................................................................... 700
Corrosion Resistant Steels and Alloys in the Oil & Gas Industry 10
© SMI – Steel Market Intelligence GmbH & Quest Offshore Resources, Inc. 2013
- Contents -
8.8.21 Henan Shenlong Petroleum Drilling Tools ................................. 701
8.8.23 Hunting ....................................................................................... 702
8.8.24 Hunting Dearborn ....................................................................... 703
8.8.25 Integrated Equipment ................................................................. 704
8.8.26 Interdril Asia ............................................................................... 705
8.8.27 Lilin Group .................................................................................. 706
8.8.28 Lunik Engineering Service.......................................................... 707
8.8.29 NCCL ......................................................................................... 709
8.8.30 NOV Flexibles ............................................................................ 710
8.8.31 NOV Grant Prideco .................................................................... 711
8.8.32 Oilfield Services & Supplies ....................................................... 713
8.8.33 Oil States Industries ................................................................... 715
8.8.34 Schoeller-Bleckmann Oilfield Equipment ................................... 717
8.8.35 Shanxi Yida Special Steel Group ............................................... 723
8.8.36 SMI Manufacturing (Ameriforge Group) ..................................... 724
8.8.37 Swagelok.................................................................................... 726
8.8.38 TubeTec ..................................................................................... 728
8.8.39 VAM Drilling ............................................................................... 729
8.8.40 Vector Technology Group .......................................................... 731
8.8.41 Western Drilling Tools ................................................................ 733
8.8.42 WOM Worldwide Oilfield Machine .............................................. 735
8.8.43 Zhongyuan Special Steel (ZYSCO)............................................ 737
8.9 Pump Manufacturers ........................................................................ 738
8.9.1 List of Companies ........................................................................ 738
8.9.2 AXON EP ..................................................................................... 739
8.9.3 Bornemann................................................................................... 740
8.9.4 Flowserve Corporation ................................................................. 741
8.9.5 Gardner Denver ........................................................................... 743
8.9.6 Leistritz ......................................................................................... 745
8.9.7 LEWA ........................................................................................... 746
8.9.8 Maximator .................................................................................... 747
8.9.9 McFarland-Tritan .......................................................................... 748
8.9.10 Mono Pumps .............................................................................. 749
8.9.11 Moyno ........................................................................................ 750
8.9.12 NETZSCH .................................................................................. 751
8.9.13 OBL Metering Pumps ................................................................. 752
8.9.14 Peroni......................................................................................... 753
8.9.15 PCM ........................................................................................... 754
8.9.16 Resato International ................................................................... 755
8.9.17 Seepex ....................................................................................... 756
8.9.18 SPX Corporation ........................................................................ 757
8.9.19 Stewart & Stevenson.................................................................. 759
8.9.20 Sulzer Pumps ............................................................................. 760
Corrosion Resistant Steels and Alloys in the Oil & Gas Industry 11
© SMI – Steel Market Intelligence GmbH & Quest Offshore Resources, Inc. 2013
- Contents -
8.9.21 Weir Oil & Gas Division .............................................................. 763
8.10 Valve Manufacturers ....................................................................... 765
8.10.1 List of Companies ...................................................................... 765
8.10.2 Bray International ....................................................................... 769
8.10.3 Breda Energia ............................................................................ 770
8.10.4 Cameron .................................................................................... 771
8.10.5 Flowserve ................................................................................... 773
8.10.6 FMC Technologies ..................................................................... 775
8.10.7 Koso Kent Introl.......................................................................... 776
8.10.8 LESER ....................................................................................... 777
8.10.9 Master Flo .................................................................................. 779
8.10.10 Mokveld .................................................................................... 780
8.10.11 Neway Valve ............................................................................ 781
8.10.12 Pentair ...................................................................................... 782
8.10.13 Petrolvalves.............................................................................. 784
8.10.14 Schuck Group .......................................................................... 786
8.10.15 Severn Glocon Group .............................................................. 787
8.10.16 Weir Power & Industrial ............................................................ 788
9 Suppliers of Special Steel for Oil & Gas ........................................... 789
9.1 Special Steel and Nickel Alloy Producers ...................................... 789
9.1.1 List of Companies ........................................................................ 789
9.1.2 A. Finkl & Sons Company ............................................................ 791
9.1.3 Allegheny Technologies Incorporated .......................................... 792
9.1.4 Aperam Alloys Imphy ................................................................... 795
9.1.5 Ascometal .................................................................................... 797
9.1.6 Aubert & Duval ............................................................................. 799
9.1.7 BGH Edelstahl.............................................................................. 802
9.1.8 Böhler Edelstahl ........................................................................... 804
9.1.9 Carpenter Technology Corporation .............................................. 806
9.1.10 Cogne ........................................................................................ 810
9.1.11 Daido Special Metals ................................................................. 812
9.1.12 DEW Deutsche Edelstahlwerke ................................................. 815
9.1.13 Electralloy................................................................................... 818
9.1.14 Electrostal .................................................................................. 820
9.1.15 Ellwood Group Inc. ..................................................................... 822
9.1.16 Firth Rixson ................................................................................ 826
9.1.17 Fomas Group ............................................................................. 827
9.1.18 Foroni ......................................................................................... 828
9.1.19 GIVA Group................................................................................ 829
9.1.20 Gloria Material Technology Corp................................................ 838
9.1.21 Industeel .................................................................................... 839
9.1.22 Jorgensen Forge Corporation .................................................... 840
9.1.23 JSW ........................................................................................... 841
Corrosion Resistant Steels and Alloys in the Oil & Gas Industry 12
© SMI – Steel Market Intelligence GmbH & Quest Offshore Resources, Inc. 2013
- Contents -
9.1.24 Latrobe Special Metal ................................................................ 842
9.1.25 Metal Ravne ............................................................................... 844
9.1.26 Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corp........................................ 846
9.1.27 Nippon Yakin Kogyo ................................................................... 849
9.1.28 Outokumpu................................................................................. 851
9.1.29 Outokumpu VDM........................................................................ 854
9.1.30 Ovako ......................................................................................... 856
9.1.31 POSCO Specialty Steel ............................................................. 858
9.1.32 Sandvik Materials Technology ................................................... 860
9.1.33 Scana Industrier ......................................................................... 862
9.1.34 Schmiedewerke Gröditz ............................................................. 864
9.1.35 Sheffield Forgemasters .............................................................. 866
9.1.36 Sorel Forge ................................................................................ 869
9.1.37 Special Metals ............................................................................ 871
9.1.38 Timken ....................................................................................... 873
9.1.39 Ugitech ....................................................................................... 874
9.1.40 Universal Stainless & Alloy Products ......................................... 877
9.1.41 Valbruna Stainless Steel ............................................................ 879
9.1.42 Villares Metals ............................................................................ 881
9.1.43 Zhongyuan Special Steel Co., Ltd (ZYSCO) .............................. 884
9.2 Forging Companies .......................................................................... 885
9.2.1 List of Companies ........................................................................ 885
9.2.2 Bharat Forge ................................................................................ 887
9.2.3 BRÜCK ........................................................................................ 888
9.2.4 Forgerossi .................................................................................... 890
9.2.5 Forgiatura Mamé .......................................................................... 892
9.2.6 Forgiatura Morandini .................................................................... 893
9.2.7 Forgital Group .............................................................................. 896
9.2.8 Franchini Acciai ............................................................................ 900
9.2.9 Galperti Group.............................................................................. 903
9.2.10 Manoir Industries........................................................................ 904
9.2.11 Magnum Forge & Machine Works (WOM) ................................. 905
9.2.12 Patriot Forge .............................................................................. 906
9.2.13 Ringmill ...................................................................................... 908
9.2.14 Sanghvi Forging & Engineering.................................................. 909
9.2.15 Scot Forge.................................................................................. 912
9.2.16 Wilhelm Maass ........................................................................... 914
9.3 Seamless Tube and Pipe Producers ............................................... 915
9.3.1 List of Companies ........................................................................ 915
9.3.2 Centravis ...................................................................................... 916
9.3.3 Changshu Walsin Specialty Steel ................................................ 918
9.3.4 Fine Tubes ................................................................................... 919
9.3.5 HandyTube Corporation ............................................................... 920
Corrosion Resistant Steels and Alloys in the Oil & Gas Industry 13
© SMI – Steel Market Intelligence GmbH & Quest Offshore Resources, Inc. 2013
- Contents -
9.3.6 Jiuli Hitech Metals ........................................................................ 921
9.3.7 Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal .................................................. 922
9.3.8 PCC Energy ................................................................................. 923
9.3.9 Salzgitter Mannesmann Stainless Tubes ..................................... 925
9.3.10 Sandvik Materials Technology ................................................... 927
9.3.11 Schulz Xtruded Products ............................................................ 929
9.3.12 Tubacex Group .......................................................................... 930
9.4 Welded Tube and Pipe Producers and Providers of Cladding and Weld
Overlay .................................................................................................... 932
9.4.1 List of Companies ........................................................................ 932
9.4.2 Bergrohr ....................................................................................... 935
9.4.3 BRISMET ..................................................................................... 936
9.4.4 BSL Pipes & Fittings .................................................................... 937
9.4.5 BUTTING ..................................................................................... 938
9.4.6 Canadoil Group ............................................................................ 940
9.4.7 Cladtek International .................................................................... 943
9.4.8 EEW Erndtebrücker Eisenwerk .................................................... 944
9.4.9 Eisenbau Krämer ......................................................................... 945
9.4.10 Fine Tubes ................................................................................. 945
9.4.11 FROCH ...................................................................................... 946
9.4.12 Gieminox Tectubi Racordi .......................................................... 947
9.4.13 Inox Tech ................................................................................... 948
9.4.14 IODS Pipe Clad .......................................................................... 949
9.4.15 Jiuli Hi-Tech Metals .................................................................... 949
9.4.16 JSW ........................................................................................... 949
9.4.17 LS Metal ..................................................................................... 950
9.4.18 Marcegaglia................................................................................ 951
9.4.19 MesoCoat ................................................................................... 953
9.4.20 OSTP ......................................................................................... 954
9.4.21 PCC Klad ................................................................................... 955
9.4.22 Proclad Group ............................................................................ 956
9.4.23 Protubo ...................................................................................... 957
9.4.24 Rath Gibson (PCC Energy) ........................................................ 958
9.4.25 Rivit ............................................................................................ 960
9.4.26 Seah Steel.................................................................................. 961
9.4.27 Sosta .......................................................................................... 962
9.4.28 Usteel ......................................................................................... 963
9.4.29 Wellclad ..................................................................................... 964
9.4.30 YC Inox ...................................................................................... 965
9.5 Specialized Distributors ................................................................... 966
9.5.1 List of Companies ........................................................................ 966
9.5.2 Advance Material Supplies ........................................................... 968
9.5.3 Aerodyne Alloys ........................................................................... 969
Corrosion Resistant Steels and Alloys in the Oil & Gas Industry 14
© SMI – Steel Market Intelligence GmbH & Quest Offshore Resources, Inc. 2013
- Contents -
9.5.4 Castle Metals ............................................................................... 970
9.5.5 Centro Servizi Metalli ................................................................... 971
9.5.6 Concept Steels ............................................................................. 972
9.5.7 Continental Alloys ........................................................................ 973
9.5.8 Copper and Brass Sales .............................................................. 974
9.5.9 Corrosion Materials Inc. ............................................................... 975
9.5.10 Corrosion Resistant Alloys ......................................................... 976
9.5.11 Edgen Murray............................................................................. 977
9.5.12 Elvinox ....................................................................................... 979
9.5.13 EMJ ............................................................................................ 981
9.5.14 Energy Alloys ............................................................................. 982
9.5.15 ESS Engineering Special Steels ................................................ 983
9.5.16 Exploration and Production Metals............................................. 984
9.5.17 Hamilton Metals ......................................................................... 985
9.5.18 Hart ............................................................................................ 986
9.5.19 Howco Group ............................................................................. 987
9.5.20 Impact Special Metals ................................................................ 988
9.5.21 Kim Ann Engineering ................................................................. 989
9.5.22 Kreher Steel Company ............................................................... 990
9.5.23 Langley Alloys ............................................................................ 991
9.5.24 Linster Edelstahlhandel .............................................................. 993
9.5.25 MRC Global................................................................................ 994
9.5.26 National Specialty Alloys ............................................................ 995
9.5.27 NeoNickel ................................................................................... 996
9.5.28 Oxford Alloys .............................................................................. 997
9.5.29 PFP ............................................................................................ 998
9.5.30 Premier Hytemp ......................................................................... 999
9.5.31 Prochem ................................................................................... 1000
9.5.32 Rolled Alloys ............................................................................ 1001
9.5.33 Special Piping Materials ........................................................... 1002
9.5.34 Specialty Steel Supply ............................................................. 1003
9.5.35 SSH Corporation ...................................................................... 1004
9.5.36 Stemcor Special Steels ............................................................ 1005
9.5.37 Sunbelt Steel ............................................................................ 1006
9.5.38 Sunbelt-Turret Steel ................................................................. 1007
9.5.39 Super Alloy FZE ....................................................................... 1008
9.5.40 Trident Metals .......................................................................... 1009
9.5.41 Tube Supply ............................................................................. 1010
9.5.42 UPC Interpipe........................................................................... 1011
9.5.43 Van Leeuwen Pipe and Tube Group ........................................ 1012
Corrosion Resistant Steels and Alloys in the Oil & Gas Industry 15
© SMI – Steel Market Intelligence GmbH & Quest Offshore Resources, Inc. 2013
- Introduction -
1 INTRODUCTION
Despite efforts to promote renewable resources, oil & gas will continue to be the
backbone of energy supply for the next decades to come. As conventional available
reserves have largely been exhausted, more difficult fields have to be explored and
enhanced oil recovery methods have to utilize in existing fields in order to keep up
with the accelerating demand for oil & gas. The era of easy accessible oil has ended!
The share of offshore drilling from the total oil & gas production has increased
significantly during the past decades and ultra deepwater wells have been
developed. Also the production of offshore gas has increased significantly.
120
100
Million Barrel/Day
80
60
40
20
0
2005 2011 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
Corrosion Resistant Steels and Alloys in the Oil & Gas Industry 16
© SMI – Steel Market Intelligence GmbH & Quest Offshore Resources, Inc. 2013
- Introduction -
The following graph shows that offshore and deepwater developments are important
in order to meet the growing demand for oil.
100%
90%
80%
% Offshore Production
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
2005 2011 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
Corrosion Resistant Steels and Alloys in the Oil & Gas Industry 17
© SMI – Steel Market Intelligence GmbH & Quest Offshore Resources, Inc. 2013
- Introduction -
gas which are driving demand for stainless steels and corrosion resistant alloys. The
report analyzes equipment demand trends for key pieces of equipment in the oil and
gas industry which utilize specialty steels as well as he trends driving demand for
these materials and the effects the supply chain for these materials will have on the
oil and gas industry.
The main applications for each grade family will be discussed in detail within this
report including a breakdown by grades, product form and dimensions.
For stainless steel and nickel alloys also the supply side will be analyzed in detail
including future supply and demand scenarios and potential capacity constraints.
Corrosion Resistant Steels and Alloys in the Oil & Gas Industry 18
© SMI – Steel Market Intelligence GmbH & Quest Offshore Resources, Inc. 2013
- Introduction -
Corrosion Resistant Steels and Alloys in the Oil & Gas Industry 19
© SMI – Steel Market Intelligence GmbH & Quest Offshore Resources, Inc. 2013
- Introduction -
The following input parameters are used for the calculations:
• Fluid composition (data from test well) like H2S or CO2 (the highest possible
content is used for the calculation), acidity (pH)
• Temperature and pressure
• Water content
• Formation water (data from surrounding fields)
• Chloride content
• Oxygen content
• Velocity
Corrosion Resistant Steels and Alloys in the Oil & Gas Industry 20
© SMI – Steel Market Intelligence GmbH & Quest Offshore Resources, Inc. 2013