Intro

CHAPTER 1
1. INTRODUCTION
Our project work deals with the planning and designing of a framed
structure. The type of building that we have taken for our project is a
shopping mall building with three G+3.
The design of slabs, beams, columns, footing and staircase were done
by LIMIT STATE METHOD. The various drawings were drafted by using
AutoCAD 2015 package.
Usually the analysis and design of the structural elements are carried
out manually. If the structure is small then the calculations will be simpler
and can also be completed quickly. But for the Multi – storey buildings, the
calculations for the analysis and design of the structural elements will be
tedious and time consuming.
Here we adopted Reinforced concrete framed structure with G+3
storey’s.
1.1 STRUCTURAL DETAILS:
Type of structure : framed structure

No of storey :G+3
Plinth Area of site : 15000 sq.ft
Floor to floor height : 3m
Material : M25 , Fe415
Wall thickness : 300mm
1.2 GENERAL:
The building consist of type of shops, stalls, restaurant, theatres, toilets, store
room, car parking, etc….
1
1.3 STRUCTURAL PLAN
The structural plan shows the position and dimensions of beams, columns
and the spanning of slabs are also presented in the project. All the slabs are one
way, continues and two way slabs.
1.4 STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS
1.4.1 SLAB
Reinforced concrete slabs constitute the most common type of structure

element used to cover floor and roofs for buildings. There are two types of slabs
1. One way slab
2. Two way slab
Here the structure required one way slab and two way slab
1.4.2 BEAMS
Structural concrete beam elements are designed to support given system of

external loads such as walls and slabs of roofs and floor system.
Types of beams
1. Singly reinforced beam
2. Doubly reinforced beam
3. T - Beam
4. L – Beam
5. Cantilever beam
6. Continuous beam
1.4.3 COLUMN
2
A column generally compression member supporting beams and slabs in a
structural system and having effective length exceeding three times least lateral
dimensions.
Here we using Axially Loaded column, uniaxial column &Biaxial column
1.4.4 FOOTING
Reinforced concrete footings are designed to resist the design factored moment
and shear forces due to the imposed loads.
Types
1. Isolated footing
2. Square footing
3. Rectangular footing
4. Circular footing
Here we using Rectangular footing only
1.4.5 STAIR CASE
Stair cases are generally provided for connecting successive floors of a building.
They are only means of access between the floors.
Types of stair case
1. Dog legged stairs
2. Open well stairs
3. Half turn stairs
4. Circular stairs
In this project we using dog legged stair 20 steps.
3
1.4.6 LINTELS
Lintel is a small beam with its ends built into the wall. It is horizontal structural
members placed over small opening of the wall like wall, window openings,
ventilator openings, etc.
Types
1. Timber lintel
2. Stone lintel
3. R.C.C lintel
Here we using R.C.C lintel
4
CHAPTER 2
2. SPECIFICATIONS
2.1 FOUNDATION
Earth work excavation for foundation is proposed to a depth of 1.0m below

ground level. For design, the safe bearing capacity of soil is adopted 250KN/sq.m.
The depth has been arrived based on the field tests conducted for building in the
proximity as well as based on foundations depth adopted for adjacent building.
P.C.C. 1:5:10 mix using 40mm stone aggregate is provided as leveling

course for column footings. Isolated footings are provided in M25 grade concrete.
The depth of the footing provided at 1.20m below the ground level.
2.2 BASEMENT
Brick wall in C.M 1:6 mix using 1 st class table molded chamber burnt bricks
is proposed up to roof level over the grade beam. The excavated earth will be used
for filling the basement.
2.3 SUPER STRUCTURE
The super structure is proposed in CM 1:6 using 1st class table molded burnt
chamber bricks and glass. Brick main walls of 300mm thick and plywood and
glass are used in Partition walls.
2.4 ROOF
R.C.C. Roof in M25 concrete is to be laid. A layer of weathering course

using brick jelly lime mortar and a layer of machine pressed clay tiles of size
5
20 x 20 x2 cm in CM 1:4 mix over the weathering course is proposed for the open
terrace.
2.5 FLOORING
In ground floor, all the rooms are to be provided with P.C.C. 1:5:10 flooring
base. The floors of entrance and car parking areas are be finished with colors paver
blocks. The toilet floors are to be finished with ceramic tiles. Staircase and entire
flat and common areas are to be finished with marble tiles over the C.C. 1:2:4
flooring.
2.6 SLABS, COLUMNS, BEAMS AND FOOTINGS
All slabs, columns, beams and footings are designed as per IS 456-2000 for
plain and reinforced concerts using Limit State Design method. Design aids for IS
456(SP-16) have also been used for the design wherever necessary
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
CHAPTER 3
13
DESIGN OF ROOF SLAB
TWO WAY SLAB (S1)
GIVEN DATA
Length of longer span direction = 9.14 m
Length of shorter span direction = 7.62 m
Grade of concrete = M25
Grade of steel = Fe415
CALCULATION
Slenderness ratio = ly / l x < 2
= 9140/7620
= 0.83< 2
Hence it is a two way slab.
EFFECTIVE SPAN
LX = 9.14 m
LY = 7.62 m
CROSS SECTION DIMENSION
Span/depth = 25
Over all depth = 9140/25
D = 300mm
14
Effective depth, d = 300 – 30
d = 270mm, taking 150mm
D = 170mm
LOAD CALCULATION
Self weight of slab = 1 x D x 25
= 1 x 0.17 x 25
= 4.5 kn/m2
Live load = 5 kn/m2
Floor finish = 0.5 kn/m2
Total load, w = 10 kn/m2
Wu = total load x 1.5
= 10 X 1.5
= 15 kn/m2
BENDING MOMENT AND SHAER FORCE
BENDING MOMENT
MX = αX X WU X LX2
MY = αY X WU X LX2
MX = 0.062X 15X 82
= 59.52 KNM
15
MY = 59.52 KNM
SHEAR FORCE
VU = WU x L/ 2
= 15 X8/2
= 60KN
CHECK FOR DEPTH
MU = 0.138 X f ckX b X d2
77.73 X 106 = 0.138 X 25 X 1000 X d2
d = 149mm<150mm
Hence ok.
LIMITING MOMENT
MU limit= 0.138 X 25 X1000 X1502
= 77.625 KNM
MU <MU limit
Hence the section is under reinforcement.
Ast CALCULATION
Shorter span and longer span are same.
MU = 0.87 x fY x Ast x d x(1- (fY x Ast)/( f ckX b X d)
59.52 x106 = 0.87x 415x Ast x150 x(1- ((415 x Ast)/(25 x 1000x 150))
16
Ast = 1280.46mm2
Ast mini = 0.12/100x 1000 x 170
= 204mm2
Provide 12mm dia bar.
.ast = 113.04mm2
Spacing = 1000 x113.04 / 1280.46
= 100mm
Provide 12mm dia bar at 100mm spacing in both side of slab.
CHECK FOR SHEAR STRESS
τV = 60 X103 / 1000X150
= 0.4N/ mm2
Pt = 100 x 1280.46 / 1000 x 150
= 0.85%
τc = 0.58 N/ mm2
τV< τc
Hence the shear stress is within safe permissible limits.
CHECK FOR CRACK CONTROL
17
Minimum reinforcement ,
Ast mini = 0.12/100x 1000 x 170
= 204mm2
Spacing of main reinforcement = 3xd
= 3 X 150
= 450mm2
Dia of bar = D /8
= 170 /8
= 21.25mm
Hence the crack will be within safe permissible limits.
CHECK FOR DEFLECTION CONTROL
(L / D) BASIC = 20
Pt = 100 x 1280.46 / 1000 x 150
= 0.85%
fY = 240 N/ mm2
Modified factor = 1.4
(L / D) MAX = 25 X 1.4
= 37.5
18
(L / D) actl = 8000 / 170
= 36.58<37.5
Hence ok.
TORSIONAL REINFORCEMENT
Area of tension steel at the one corner in four layers is computed as
Ast = 3 / 4 x 1280.46
= 960.34mm2
Length of torsion steel = 1 /5 shorter span
= 1/5x8
= 1.6m
Provide 8mm dia bar
Spacing = 1000X π/4 X82/960.34
= 100mm
= 3xd
= 3 x 150
= 300mm
Provide 8 mm dia bar at 100mm spacing.
19
20
REINFORCEMENT DETAILS OF TWO WAY SLAB
21
TWO WAY SLAB (S2)
GIVEN DATA
CALCULATION
= 6090/7620
= 1.25< 2
EFFECTIVE SPAN
LX = 6.09 m
LY = 7.62 m
Span/depth = 25
D = 300mm
22
D = 170mm
LOAD CALCULATION
= 1 x 0.17 x 25
= 4.5 kn/m2
Live load = 5 kn/m2
= 10 X 1.5
= 15 kn/m2
BENDING MOMENT
MX = αX X WU X LX2
MY = αY X WU X LX2
MX = 0.062X 15X 82
= 59.52 KNM
MY = 59.52 KNM
23
SHEAR FORCE
VU = WU x L/ 2
= 15 X8/2
= 60KN
CHECK FOR DEPTH
77.73 X 106 = 0.138 X 25 X 1000 X d2
d = 149mm<150mm
Hence ok.
LIMITING MOMENT
MU limit= 0.138 X 25 X1000 X1502
= 77.625 KNM
MU <MU limit
Ast CALCULATION
59.52 x106 = 0.87x 415x Ast x150 x(1- ((415 x Ast)/(25 x 1000x 150))
Ast = 1280.46mm2
24
Ast mini = 0.12/100x 1000 x 170
= 204mm2
.ast = 113.04mm2
Spacing = 1000 x113.04 / 1280.46
= 100mm
τV = 60 X103 / 1000X150
= 0.4N/ mm2
Pt = 100 x 1280.46 / 1000 x 150
= 0.85%
τc = 0.58 N/ mm2
τV< τc
25
Ast mini = 0.12/100x 1000 x 170
= 204mm2
= 3 X 150
= 450mm2
Dia of bar = D /8
= 170 /8
= 21.25mm
(L / D) BASIC = 20
Pt = 100 x 1280.46 / 1000 x 150
= 0.85%
fY = 240 N/ mm2
(L / D) MAX = 25 X 1.4
= 37.5
(L / D) actl = 8000 / 170
26
= 36.58<37.5
Hence ok.
Ast = 3 / 4 x 1280.46
= 960.34mm2
= 1/5x8
= 1.6m
Provide 8mm dia bar
Spacing = 1000X π/4 X82/960.34
= 100mm
= 3xd
= 3 x 150
= 300mm
27
28
29
TWO WAY SLAB (S3)
GIVEN DATA
CALCULATION
= 12460/7620
= 1.63< 2
EFFECTIVE SPAN
LX = 12.46 m
LY = 7.62 m
Span/depth = 25
D = 300mm
30
D = 170mm
LOAD CALCULATION
= 1 x 0.17 x 25
= 4.5 kn/m2
Live load = 5 kn/m2
= 10 X 1.5
= 15 kn/m2
BENDING MOMENT
MX = αX X WU X LX2
MY = αY X WU X LX2
MX = 0.062X 15X 82
= 59.52 KNM
MY = 59.52 KNM
31
SHEAR FORCE
VU = WU x L/ 2
= 15 X8/2
= 60KN
CHECK FOR DEPTH
77.73 X 106 = 0.138 X 25 X 1000 X d2
d = 149mm<150mm
Hence ok.
LIMITING MOMENT
MU limit= 0.138 X 25 X1000 X1502
= 77.625 KNM
MU <MU limit
Ast CALCULATION
59.52 x106 = 0.87x 415x Ast x150 x(1- ((415 x Ast)/(25 x 1000x 150))
Ast = 1280.46mm2
32
Ast mini = 0.12/100x 1000 x 170
= 204mm2
.ast = 113.04mm2
Spacing = 1000 x113.04 / 1280.46
= 100mm
τV = 60 X103 / 1000X150
= 0.4N/ mm2
Pt = 100 x 1280.46 / 1000 x 150
= 0.85%
τc = 0.58 N/ mm2
τV< τc
33
Ast mini = 0.12/100x 1000 x 170
= 204mm2
= 3 X 150
= 450mm2
Dia of bar = D /8
= 170 /8
= 21.25mm
(L / D) BASIC = 20
Pt = 100 x 1280.46 / 1000 x 150
= 0.85%
fY = 240 N/ mm2
(L / D) MAX = 25 X 1.4
= 37.5
(L / D) actl = 8000 / 170
34
= 36.58<37.5
Hence ok.
Ast = 3 / 4 x 1280.46
= 960.34mm2
= 1/5x8
= 1.6m
Provide 8mm dia bar
Spacing = 1000X π/4 X82/960.34
= 100mm
= 3xd
= 3 x 150
= 300mm
35
36
37
CHAPTER 4
DESIGN OF BEAM
4.1.T – BEAM (B1)
GIVEN DATA
Effective span = 7.62m
Breadth of beam = 300mm
Thickness of slab = 150mm
Live load = 5 kn/m2
Grade of steel = fe415
Df = 150mm
bw = 300mm
bf = l0 /6 + bw + 6 Df
= 8 /6 + 0.3 + 6x0.15
= 2.53m
Web width/ flang width = bw / spacing between web
= 300 /7620
38
= 0.0375
From graph – 6
Rf = 0.8
Span /depth = 25 x Rf
Depth = 8000 / 25 x 0.8
d = 400mm
D = 400+50
= 450mm
LOAD CALCULATION
From slab design, w = 10 kn/m2
Dead load of slab = (40/2+40/2)+(3 x 0.3 x 22)
= 59.8 kn/m2
Factored load ,Wu = 1.5 x W
= 1.5x 60
= 90 kn/m2
39
BENDING MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCE
BENDING MOMENT
MU = Wu X L2 /8
= 90 X82 / 8
= 720 KNM
SHEAR FORCE
VU = WU x L/ 2
= 90X8/2
= 360KN
Df = 150mm
d = 400mm
Df / d = 150 /400 = 0.375 > 0.2
To use the formula

MU limit= (0.36 x XU MAX / d(1 – 0.42 x XU MAX / d) x
Fck x bw xd 2) +(0.45 x Fck x(bf - bw )x yf x (d

- yf /2))
XU MAX / d = 0.48
XU MAX = 0.48 x d
= 0.48x 400
40
= 192
yf = (0.15 x XU + 0.65 x Df)
= (0.15 x 192 + 0.65 x 150)
= 121.8
MU limit= (0.36 x0.48 x(1 – 0.42 x 0.48) x 25 x 300x 4002) +(0.45

x25)(2530- 300)x121.8 x(400- 121.8/2))
MU limit= 1531.61mm2
MU< MU limit
Hence the section is under reinforced section
Ast CALCULATION
MU = 0.87 x fY x Ast x d x(1- ((fY x Ast)/( f ckX b X d))
720 x106 = 0.87x 415x Ast x400x(1- ((415 x Ast)/(25 x 2350x 400))
Ast = 5524.4mm2
ast = 490.87mm2
No of bars = 5524.4 / 490.87
= 12 nos
Provide 25mm dia bar at 6 nos of bar 2 layer
41
τV = 360X103 / 300X400
= 3 N/ mm2
Pt = 100 x 5524.4 / 300 x 400
= 4.6%
τc = 0.88 N/ mm2
τV>τc
Hence design of shear reinforcement.
Vus = 0.87 X Fy X Asv X d / Sv
Sv = 0.87 X Fy X Asv X d / Vus
Vus = Vu – (ζc x b x d )
= 360 x 103 – (0.88 x 300 x 400)
= 254400 N/ mm2
Asv = 100.53mm2
Sv = 0.87 x 415 x 100.53 x 400 / 254400
= 100mm
Provide 8mm dia bar at 100 mm spacing
42
REINFORCEMENT DETAILS OF T-BEAM
43
4.2. DESIGN OF L-BEAM
SIZE:
Clear span=9.14m
R.F=0.8
tt=170mm
bw=300mm
Span/depth=25xR.F
6/depth=25x0.8
d=300mm
D=d+cover=350mm
LOAD CALCULATION
Self weight of slab=bxDx25=2.012KN/m
Floor finishes=1.5x0.5=0.75KN/m
Dead load
Self weight of slab=bxDx25=2.25KN/m
Floor finishes of beam=0.5KN/m
Live load=4KN/m
W=17.85KN/m
Wu=17.85x1.5=26.77KN/m
BENDING MOVEMENT AND SHEAR FORCE
Mel=Mu+Mt
44
Mu=Wul2/2=120.46KNm
Mt= Ԏu((1+D/b)/1.7)
TORSION MOMENT
Torsion load=26.77-13.85=12.92KN/m
Factored torsional load=12.92x1.5=19.38KN/m
Torsional shear force=19.38x6/2=58.14KN
Tu=58.14x0.6=34.88KNm
Mt=34.88x106((1+350/300)/1.7) =44.4KNm
Mel=Mu+Mt=164.86KNm
Total Shear
Ve=Vu+1.5Tu/6
Vu=Wul/2=80.31KN
Ve=80.31+1.5x(34.88/0.3) =254.71KN
LIMITING MOMENT
Mulimit=0.138fckbd2=93.15KNm
Mu<Mulimit
(Hence the section is under reinforcement)
Ast CALCULATION
[ fy
Mu = 0.87fyAstd 1−Ast Fckbd ] Ast=1550.41mm2
45
Adopt 16mm dia bar at 4 No of bars

Vu
ᘔv = bd =0.87N/mm2
Ast
Pt = Bd
X 100=0.51%
Ԏc=0.5N/mm2
Ԏv > Ԏc
Asv=(TaSv/b1d1x0.87fy)+(VuSv/25d1x0.87fy)
Sv=100mm
Provide 8mm dia 2 legged stiraps at 100mm c/c
46
47
CHAPTER 5
LINTEL BEAM
GIVEN DATA
Effective span = 7.62m
Breadth of beam = 300mm
Live load = 5 kn/m2
Span /depth = 25
Depth = 7620 / 25
d = 320mm
D = 320+30
= 350mm
LOAD CALCULATION
Self weight of beam = 0.3 x 0.35 x25
= 2.625 kn/m2
Load on wall = h x t x 22
= 3 x 0.3 x 22
48
= 19.8 kn/m2
= 1.5x 23
= 34.5 kn/m2
BENDING MOMENT
MU = Wu X L2 /8
= 34.5 X82 / 8
= 276 KNM
SHEAR FORCE
VU = WU x L/ 2
= 34.5X8/2
= 132KN
MU limit= 0.138 X f ckX b X d2
= 0.138 X 25 X300X3502
= 646.87KNM
MU< MU limit
49
Hence the section is under reinforced section
Ast CALCULATION
MU = 0.87 x fY x Ast x d x(1- ((fY x Ast)/( f ckX b X d))))
276x106 = 0.87x 415x Ast x350x(1- (415 x Ast)/(25 x350x 300))
Ast = 2412mm2
ast = 490.87mm2
No of bars = 2412/ 490.87
= 5 nos
Provide 25mm dia bar at 5nos bar
τV = VU / b X d
= 132X103 / 300X350
= 1.25N/ mm2
Pt = 100 x 2412/ 300 x 350
= 2.29%
τc = 0.85 N/ mm2
50
τV>τc
Hence design of shear reinforcement.
Vus = 0.87 X Fy X Asv X d / Sv
Sv = 0.87 X Fy X Asv X d / Vus
Vus = Vu – (ζc x b x d )
= 132x 103 – (0.8 x 300 x 350)
= 42750 N/ mm2
Asv = 100.53mm2
Sv = 0.87 x 415 x 157.07 x 350/42750
= 300mm
Provide 10mm dia bar at 300 mm spacing
51
REINFORCEMENT DETAILS OF LINTEL BEAM
52
CHAPTER 6
PLINTH BEAM
GIVEN DATA
effective span = 7.62m
Wall thickness = 300mm
fck = 25n/mm2
fy = 415n/mm2
CROSS SECTIONAL DIMENSIONS
Span/Overall depth = 20
Overall depth, D = 7620/20
= 300mm
Depth, d = D-clear cover
= 300-50
d = 250mm
b = 300mm
Check,
D/b<2
300/300 < 2
1<2
Therefore, it is a singly reinforced beam.
Effective Length,
1. Clear span +effective span
53
= 7.4+0.3
= 7.7m
2. Clear span + c/c of support
= 7.7+0.3
= 8m
Whichever is less value, Leff = 7.7m
LOAD CALCULATION
Self weight of plinth beam = 1 × 0.3 × 0.3 × 25

= 2.175kn/m2
Wall load on brick = 1 × h × t × 18
= 1 × 3.3 × 3 × 18
= 17.82kn/m2
Floor finish = 0.005kn/m
Total load, W = 20kn/m2
Factored load, Wu = 1.5 × 20
= 30kn/m2
Bending moment, Mu = Wu × L / 8
= 30 × 7.72/ 8
= 222.3knm
Shear force, Vu = W u× L / 2
= 30 × 7.7 / 2
54
= 115.5kn
CHECK FOR DEPTH
Mu = 0.138 × fck × b × d2
222.3 × 10 6 = 0.138 × 25 × 1000 × d2
d = 245mm < 250mm
Hence Ok
TENSION REINFORCEMENT
Mu, limit = 0.138 × 25 × 300 × 2502

= 64.68knm
Mu > Mu,limit
Therefore, it is over reinforced beam.
Asc AND AST CALCULATION
Asc = ?
Mu – Mu,lim = fsc × Asc × (d – d’)
fsc = 0.87 × fy
= 0.87 × 415
= 361n/mm
(222.3- 64.68) × 106 = 361 × Asc × (250 – 50)
Asc = 1746.4mm2
Adopt 25mm bar,
ast = 490.87mm2
55
Number of bar = 1746.4/380
= 4.2
≅ 4nos
Ast = Ast1 + Ast2
Ast2 = Asc × fsc / 0.87 × fy
= 1746.4 × 361 / 0.87 × 415
Ast2 = 1746.4mm2
Mu = 0.87 × fy × Ast1 × d × (1 – (Ast1 × fy / b × d
× fck))
222.3 × 106 = 0.87 × 415 × Ast × 250 × (1 – (Ast1 × 415 /

1000 × 250 × 25))
Ast1 = 800.6mm2
Ast = Ast1 + Ast2
= 1746.4 + 800.6
Ast = 2547mm2
Provide 25mm ∅ bar,
ast = 490.8mm2
Number of bars = 2547 / 380
= 4.1
≅ 4 nos
τ v = 115.5 × 103 / 300 × 250

= 1.54n/mm2
Pt = 100 × 2547 / 300 × 250
56
= 3.39%
τ c = 0.57n/mm2
τ v> τ c
DESIGN OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT
Vus = 0.87 × fy × Asv × d / Sv

Vus = Vu – τ c × b × d
= 115.5 × 103– 0.57 × 300 × 250
= 72750
Asv = 100.5mm2
Sv = 0.87 × 415 × 100.5 × 250 / 72750
= 124.69
≅ 120mm
Provide 8 mm dia stirrups @ 120 mm c/c spacing
57
REINFORCEMENT DETAILS OF PLINTH
CHAPTER 7
58
DESIGN OF STAIRCASE
GIVEN DATA
Dog – legged with waist slab, treads and rises.
Floor height = 3m
Treads = 0.3m
Rise = 0.15m
Width of landing beams = 300mm
Live load = 5 kn/m2
Number of steps in
One flights = 10 nos
Clear span = 2m
Span = (10 x0.3)+0.3
= 3.3m
Thickness of waist slab = 3.3 /25
d = 140mm
59
D = 140+20
= 160mm
LOAD CALCULATION
Self weight of waist slab = (0.16 x25) x √0.152 +0.3 2

0.3
= 4 KN/m2
Self weight of step per meter = 0.5 x 0.15 x0.3 x 18
= 1.35 kn/m2
Live load = 5 kn/m2
= 1.5x 11
= 16.5kn/m2
BENDING MOMENT
MU = Wu X L2 /8
= 16.5 X3.32 / 8
= 22.46 KNM
60
SHEAR FORCE
VU = WU x L/ 2
= 16.5X3.3/2
= 27.225KN
CHECK FOR DEPTH
22.46 x106 = 0.138 X 25 X1000Xd2
d = 100mm <150mm
Hence it is ok.
Ast CALCULATION
Ast = 405.8mm2
Minimum reinforcement
Ast mini = 0.12 / 100 X 1000 X160
= 192mm2
ast = 113.04mm2
Spacing = 1000 x113.04 / 405.8
61
= 270mm
Provide 12mm dia bar at 270mm spacing.
Provide 8mm dia bar in distribution reinforcement.
ast = 50.26mm2
Spacing = 1000 x50.26 / 192
= 260mm
Provide 8mm dia bar at 260mm spacing.
τV = 27.225X103 /1000X140
= 0.19N/ mm2
Pt = 100 x 405.8/ 1000 x 140
= 0.28%
τc = 0.21 N/ mm2
τV >τc Hence it is safe.
62
REINFORCEMENT DETAILS OF STAIRCASE
63
CHAPTER 8
DESIGN OF COLUMN
GIVEN DATA
Size of column = 600mm x 300mm
Live load = 5 kn/m2
LOAD CALCULATION
Shear force on T- Beam = 432 KN
Shear force on L- Beam = 2 X276
= 552 KN
Shear force on Lintal- Beam = 2 x132
= 264 KN
P = 1248 KN
PU = 2 X 1248
= 2496 KN
AREA OF MAIN REINFORCEMENT
PU = (0.4 xFck xAc)+(0.6 x Fyx Asc)
Ac = Ag – Asc
64
= (300 X600) – Asc
2496 x103 = 0.4 x25 x((300 X600) – Asc) + (0.67 x415 x Asc)
Asc = 2596.53mm2
Provide 25 mm dia bar
ast = 490.87mm2
No of bars = 2596.53/ 490.87
= 8 nos
Provide 25mm dia bar at 8nos bar
LATERAL TIES
Ties dia = 1/ 4 x25
= 6.25mm
= provide 8 mm dia bar
Pitch
16 x main bar = 16 x 25 = 400mm
48 ties die = 48 x 8 = 384mm
= 300m
Provide 8mm dia bar @ 300mm c/c spacing.
65
REINFORCEMENT DETAILS OF COLUMN
CHAPTER 9
DESIGN OF FOUNDATION
66
GIVEN DATA
Size of column = 600mm x 300mm
Live load = 5 kn/m2
Factored S.B.C of soil = 250 kn/m3
LOAD CALCULATION
Load on column = 1248 KN
Self weight of footing = 10/100 x1248
= 124.8KN
WU = 1248+124.8
= 1372.8KN
SIZE OF FOOTING
Area of footing = WU / S. B.C
= 1372.8 /250
= 6m2
Size of rectangular footing = 2m x 3m
Factored upward soil pressure = load on column / area of footing
67
= 1372.8 /(3 x 2)
= 230 KN < 250 KN
Cantilever projection
L1 = 3– 0.6 /2
= 1.2 m
L2 = 2 – 0.3 / 2
= 0.85 m
BENDING MOMENTS AND SHEAR FORCE
BENDING MOMENT
MU1 = Pu X L12/8
= 230 X1.22 / 8
= 149.7KNM
MU2 = Pu X L22 /8
= 230 X0.852 / 8
= 75.14 KNM
DEPTH OF FOOTING
b = 300+(1/6x 2000-300)
= 330mm
68
As per IS -456-2000 ,provide minimum thickness of slop footing as 150mm
149.7 x106 = 0.138 X 25 X1000Xd2
d = 210mm
Total depth 500mm and effective depth 480mm.
Ast CALCULATION
MU1 = 0.87 x fY x Ast x d x(1- ((fY x Ast)/( f ckX b X d))))
149.78x106 = 0.87x 415x Ast x480x(1- (415 x Ast)/(25 x 480x 1000))
Ast1 = 911.9mm2
ast = 113.04mm2
Spacing = 1000 x113.04 / 911.9
= 120mm
Provide 12 mm dia bar @ 120 mm c/c spacing
MU2 = 0.87 x fY x Ast x d x(1- ((fY x Ast)/( f ckX b X d)
75.14x106 = 0.87x415xAst x480x(1-(415 x Ast)/(25x480x1000)
Ast2 = 450mm2
69
ast = 113.04mm2
Spacing = 1000 x113.04 / 450
= 250mm
Provide 12 mm dia bar @ 250 mm c/c spacing
τV = VU / b X d
VU = PU(L1 – d)
= 230x (1.2- 0.48) = 151KN
= 151X103 /1000X480
= 0.32N/ mm2
Pt = 100 x 911.9/ 1000 x 480
= 0.19%
τc = 0.35N/ mm2, τV < τc
Hence it is safe within permissible limits.
70
REINFORCEMENT DETAILS OF FOUNDATION
DESIGN OF SPETIC TANK AND SOAK PIT:

71
1. GIVEN DATA:
Population: 1000persons rate of water supply: 1500lit/head/day
2. SOLUTION:
The quantity of water supply = Per capita demand x population
= 50 x 100 = 75000lit/day
Assuming that the 80% of water supply appear as sewage
The quantity of sewage produced = 75000x 0.8 = 6000 lit
Assuming the rate of deposited sludge as 30 lit/capita/year and assuming
the period of cleaning is 1 year
The volume of sludge accumulated = rate of sludge deposition x
Population x period of sludge = 30 x 50x1 = 1500 lit
The total capacity of the tank = capacity for sewage+ capacity for sludge
=6000 + 1500 = 7500 lit=7.5m3
Assuming a depth of 1.5m
volume of tank 7.5
The surface area of the tank = depth
= 1.5 = 5m2
The ratio of length to width is taken as 1:2 to 1:4
Assuming L:B = 1:3 L = 3B Surface area = length x width =L x B
=3BxB = 3B2 B=1.3m Length of the tank = 3 x B = 3 x B = 3 x1.30=4m
Assuming 0.3m as a free board, the overall depth = 1.5 + 0.3 = 1.8m
Dimension of the tank is 1.3 x 4 x 1.8 m
DESIGN OF SOAK PIT :
Assuming the percolating capacity of filter media of soak pit as

1250lit/m3/day
volume of tank 7.5

= percolating capacity of filter media
= 1.25 = 6m3
volume of soak pit 6

Area of the soak pit = depth of soak pit
= 2 = 3m2
72
π x d2
4
=3 d=
√ 3x4
π
= 2m Depth of the soak pit is 2m
73
STAAD PRO DESIGN
74
STAAD.Pro V8i SELECTseries4
Version 20.07.09.31
Proprietary Program of
Bentley Systems, Inc.
Date= SEP 8, 2017
Time= 14:45: 3
1. STAAD SPACE
INPUT FILE: MALL.STD
2. START JOB INFORMATION
3. ENGINEER DATE 08-SEP-17
4. END JOB INFORMATION
5. INPUT WIDTH 79
6. UNIT FEET KN
7. JOINT COORDINATES
8. 1 0 0 0; 9 0 0 -13.2; 10 0 0 -26.1; 11 0 0 -35; 12 0 0 -43.9
9. 13 0 0 -53.3; 14 0 0 -62.7; 15 0 0 -73.2; 16 0 0 -83.9; 17 0 0 -96.8
10. 18 0 0 -110; 19 21 0 -26.1; 21 21 0 -43.9; 23 21 0 -62.7; 24 21 0 -73.2
11. 25 21 0 -83.9; 28 15 0 -110; 29 31 0 -83.9; 31 31 0 -110
12. 32 43.7 0 -83.9; 34 43.7 0 -110; 35 56.7 0 -83.9; 37 56.7 0 -110
13. 38 66.9 0 -83.9; 40 66.9 0 -110; 41 77.4 0 -83.9; 43 77.4 0 -110
14. 44 87.6 0 -83.9; 46 87.6 0 -110; 53 13.8 0 0; 54 27.5 0 0; 55 41.6 0 0
15. 56 71.6 0 0; 57 81.8 0 0; 58 92.6 0 0; 59 107.1 0 0; 60 122.6 0 0
75
16. 62 122.6 0 -110; 63 122.6 0 -83.9; 64 122.6 0 -96.8; 68 101.6 0 -43.9
17. 69 101.6 0 -62.7; 70 101.6 0 -73.2; 71 122.6 0 -26.1; 73 41.6 0 -26.1
18. 74 71.6 0 -26.1; 75 92.6 0 -26.1; 76 101.6 0 -26.1; 77 122.6 0 -43.9
19. 78 122.6 0 -62.7; 79 122.6 0 -73.2; 242 101.6 0 -83.9
20. 243 101.6 0 -96.8; 244 101.6 0 -110; 245 0 9.84252 0
21. 246 0 9.84252 -13.2; 247 0 9.84252 -26.1; 248 0 9.84252 -35
22. 249 0 9.84252 -43.9; 250 0 9.84252 -53.3; 251 0 9.84252 -62.7
23. 252 0 9.84252 -73.2; 253 0 9.84252 -83.9; 254 0 9.84252 -96.8
24. 255 0 9.84252 -110; 256 21 9.84252 -26.1; 257 21 9.84252 -43.9
25. 258 21 9.84252 -62.7; 259 21 9.84252 -73.2; 260 21 9.84252 -83.9
26. 261 15 9.84252 -110; 262 31 9.84252 -83.9; 263 31 9.84252 -110
27. 264 43.7 9.84252 -83.9; 265 43.7 9.84252 -110; 266 56.7 9.84252 -83.9
28. 267 56.7 9.84252 -110; 268 66.9 9.84252 -83.9; 269 66.9 9.84252 -110
29. 270 77.4 9.84252 -83.9; 271 77.4 9.84252 -110; 272 87.6 9.84252 -83.9
30. 273 87.6 9.84252 -110; 274 13.8 9.84252 0; 275 27.5 9.84252 0
31. 276 41.6 9.84252 0; 277 71.6 9.84252 0; 278 81.8 9.84252 0
32. 279 92.6 9.84252 0; 280 107.1 9.84252 0; 281 122.6 9.84252 0
33. 282 122.6 9.84252 -110; 283 122.6 9.84252 -83.9
34. 284 122.6 9.84252 -96.8; 285 101.6 9.84252 -43.9
35. 286 101.6 9.84252 -62.7; 287 101.6 9.84252 -73.2
36. 288 122.6 9.84252 -26.1; 289 41.6 9.84252 -26.1; 290 71.6 9.84252 -26.1
37. 291 92.6 9.84252 -26.1; 292 101.6 9.84252 -26.1
76
38. 293 122.6 9.84252 -43.9; 294 122.6 9.84252 -62.7
39. 295 122.6 9.84252 -73.2; 296 101.6 9.84252 -83.9
40. 297 101.6 9.84252 -96.8; 298 101.6 9.84252 -110; 299 0 19.685 0
41. 300 0 19.685 -13.2; 301 0 19.685 -26.1; 302 0 19.685 -35
42. 303 0 19.685 -43.9; 304 0 19.685 -53.3; 305 0 19.685 -62.7
43. 306 0 19.685 -73.2; 307 0 19.685 -83.9; 308 0 19.685 -96.8
44. 309 0 19.685 -110; 310 21 19.685 -26.1; 311 21 19.685 -43.9
45. 312 21 19.685 -62.7; 313 21 19.685 -73.2; 314 21 19.685 -83.9
46. 315 15 19.685 -110; 316 31 19.685 -83.9; 317 31 19.685 -110
47. 318 43.7 19.685 -83.9; 319 43.7 19.685 -110; 320 56.7 19.685 -83.9
48. 321 56.7 19.685 -110; 322 66.9 19.685 -83.9; 323 66.9 19.685 -110
49. 324 77.4 19.685 -83.9; 325 77.4 19.685 -110; 326 87.6 19.685 -83.9
50. 327 87.6 19.685 -110; 328 13.8 19.685 0; 329 27.5 19.685 0
51. 330 41.6 19.685 0; 331 71.6 19.685 0; 332 81.8 19.685 0
52. 333 92.6 19.685 0; 334 107.1 19.685 0; 335 122.6 19.685 0
53. 336 122.6 19.685 -110; 337 122.6 19.685 -83.9; 338 122.6 19.685 -96.8
54. 339 101.6 19.685 -43.9; 340 101.6 19.685 -62.7; 341 101.6 19.685 -73.2
55. 342 122.6 19.685 -26.1; 343 41.6 19.685 -26.1; 344 71.6 19.685 -26.1
56. 345 92.6 19.685 -26.1; 346 101.6 19.685 -26.1; 347 122.6 19.685 -43.9
57. 348 122.6 19.685 -62.7; 349 122.6 19.685 -73.2; 350 101.6 19.685 -83.9
58. 351 101.6 19.685 -96.8; 352 101.6 19.685 -110; 353 0 29.5276 0
59. 354 0 29.5276 -13.2; 355 0 29.5276 -26.1; 356 0 29.5276 -35
77
60. 357 0 29.5276 -43.9; 358 0 29.5276 -53.3; 359 0 29.5276 -62.7
61. 360 0 29.5276 -73.2; 361 0 29.5276 -83.9; 362 0 29.5276 -96.8
62. 363 0 29.5276 -110; 364 21 29.5276 -26.1; 365 21 29.5276 -43.9
63. 366 21 29.5276 -62.7; 367 21 29.5276 -73.2; 368 21 29.5276 -83.9
64. 369 15 29.5276 -110; 370 31 29.5276 -83.9; 371 31 29.5276 -110
65. 372 43.7 29.5276 -83.9; 373 43.7 29.5276 -110; 374 56.7 29.5276 -83.9
66. 375 56.7 29.5276 -110; 376 66.9 29.5276 -83.9; 377 66.9 29.5276 -110
67. 378 77.4 29.5276 -83.9; 379 77.4 29.5276 -110; 380 87.6 29.5276 -83.9
68. 381 87.6 29.5276 -110; 382 13.8 29.5276 0; 383 27.5 29.5276 0
69. 384 41.6 29.5276 0; 385 71.6 29.5276 0; 386 81.8 29.5276 0
70. 387 92.6 29.5276 0; 388 107.1 29.5276 0; 389 122.6 29.5276 0
71. 390 122.6 29.5276 -110; 391 122.6 29.5276 -83.9
72. 392 122.6 29.5276 -96.8; 393 101.6 29.5276 -43.9
73. 394 101.6 29.5276 -62.7; 395 101.6 29.5276 -73.2
74. 396 122.6 29.5276 -26.1; 397 41.6 29.5276 -26.1; 398 71.6 29.5276 -26.1
75. 399 92.6 29.5276 -26.1; 400 101.6 29.5276 -26.1
76. 401 122.6 29.5276 -43.9; 402 122.6 29.5276 -62.7
77. 403 122.6 29.5276 -73.2; 404 101.6 29.5276 -83.9
78. 405 101.6 29.5276 -96.8; 406 101.6 29.5276 -110; 407 0 -4.92126 0
79. 408 0 -4.92126 -13.2; 409 0 -4.92126 -26.1; 410 0 -4.92126 -35
80. 411 0 -4.92126 -43.9; 412 0 -4.92126 -53.3; 413 0 -4.92126 -62.7
81. 414 0 -4.92126 -73.2; 415 0 -4.92126 -83.9; 416 0 -4.92126 -96.8
78
82. 417 0 -4.92126 -110; 418 21 -4.92126 -26.1; 419 21 -4.92126 -43.9
83. 420 21 -4.92126 -62.7; 421 21 -4.92126 -73.2; 422 21 -4.92126 -83.9
84. 423 15 -4.92126 -110; 424 31 -4.92126 -83.9; 425 31 -4.92126 -110
85. 426 43.7 -4.92126 -83.9; 427 43.7 -4.92126 -110
86. 428 56.7 -4.92126 -83.9; 429 56.7 -4.92126 -110
87. 430 66.9 -4.92126 -83.9; 431 66.9 -4.92126 -110
88. 432 77.4 -4.92126 -83.9; 433 77.4 -4.92126 -110
89. 434 87.6 -4.92126 -83.9; 435 87.6 -4.92126 -110; 436 13.8 -4.92126 0
90. 437 27.5 -4.92126 0; 438 41.6 -4.92126 0; 439 71.6 -4.92126 0
91. 440 81.8 -4.92126 0; 441 92.6 -4.92126 0; 442 107.1 -4.92126 0
92. 443 122.6 -4.92126 0; 444 122.6 -4.92126 -110; 445 122.6 -4.92126 -83.9
93. 446 122.6 -4.92126 -96.8; 447 101.6 -4.92126 -43.9
94. 448 101.6 -4.92126 -62.7; 449 101.6 -4.92126 -73.2
95. 450 122.6 -4.92126 -26.1; 451 41.6 -4.92126 -26.1
96. 452 71.6 -4.92126 -26.1; 453 92.6 -4.92126 -26.1
97. 454 101.6 -4.92126 -26.1; 455 122.6 -4.92126 -43.9
98. 456 122.6 -4.92126 -62.7; 457 122.6 -4.92126 -73.2
99. 458 101.6 -4.92126 -83.9; 459 101.6 -4.92126 -96.8
100. 460 101.6 -4.92126 -110
MEMBER INCIDENCES
102. 8 1 9; 9 9 10; 10 10 11; 11 11 12; 12 12 13; 13 13 14; 14 14 15
103. 15 15 16; 16 16 17; 17 17 18; 20 18 28; 23 28 31; 24 29 32; 26 31 34
79
104. 27 32 35; 29 34 37; 30 35 38; 32 37 40; 33 38 41; 35 40 43; 36 41 44
105. 38 43 46; 45 1 53; 46 53 54; 47 54 55; 48 55 56; 49 56 57; 50 57 58
106. 51 58 59; 52 59 60; 53 31 29; 54 37 35; 55 43 41; 57 29 25; 58 25 16
107. 59 25 24; 60 24 23; 61 23 21; 62 21 12; 63 14 23; 64 15 24; 67 60 71
108. 69 63 64; 71 64 62; 74 10 19; 75 71 77; 76 19 73; 78 73 74; 79 73 74
109. 80 55 73; 81 74 75; 82 74 75; 83 56 74; 84 75 76; 85 75 76; 86 58 75
110. 87 76 71; 88 76 71; 89 68 76; 90 77 78; 91 68 77; 92 78 79; 93 69 78
111. 94 79 63; 95 70 79; 96 70 69; 97 69 68; 98 21 19; 483 46 244
112. 484 44 242; 486 242 63; 487 70 242; 489 242 243; 490 244 62
113. 491 243 244; 492 1 245; 493 9 246; 494 10 247; 495 11 248; 496 12 249
114. 497 13 250; 498 14 251; 499 15 252; 500 16 253; 501 17 254; 502 18 255
115. 503 19 256; 504 21 257; 505 23 258; 506 24 259; 507 25 260; 508 28 261
116. 509 29 262; 510 31 263; 511 32 264; 512 34 265; 513 35 266; 514 37 267
117. 515 38 268; 516 40 269; 517 41 270; 518 43 271; 519 44 272; 520 46 273
118. 521 53 274; 522 54 275; 523 55 276; 524 56 277; 525 57 278; 526 58 279
119. 527 59 280; 528 60 281; 529 62 282; 530 63 283; 531 64 284; 532 68 285
120. 533 69 286; 534 70 287; 535 71 288; 536 73 289; 537 74 290; 538 75 291
121. 539 76 292; 540 77 293; 541 78 294; 542 79 295; 543 242 296
122. 544 243 297; 545 244 298; 546 245 246; 547 246 247; 548 247 248
123. 549 248 249; 550 249 250; 551 250 251; 552 251 252; 553 252 253
124. 554 253 254; 555 254 255; 556 255 261; 557 261 263; 558 262 264
125. 559 263 265; 560 264 266; 561 265 267; 562 266 268; 563 267 269
80
126. 564 268 270; 565 269 271; 566 270 272; 567 271 273; 568 245 274
127. 569 274 275; 570 275 276; 571 276 277; 572 277 278; 573 278 279
128. 574 279 280; 575 280 281; 576 263 262; 577 267 266; 578 271 270
129. 579 262 260; 580 260 253; 581 260 259; 582 259 258; 583 258 257
130. 584 257 249; 585 251 258; 586 252 259; 587 281 288; 588 283 284
131. 589 284 282; 590 247 256; 591 288 293; 592 256 289; 593 289 290
132. 594 289 290; 595 276 289; 596 290 291; 597 290 291; 598 277 290
133. 599 291 292; 600 291 292; 601 279 291; 602 292 288; 603 292 288
134. 604 285 292; 605 293 294; 606 285 293; 607 294 295; 608 286 294
135. 609 295 283; 610 287 295; 611 287 286; 612 286 285; 613 257 256
136. 614 273 298; 615 272 296; 616 296 283; 617 287 296; 618 296 297
137. 619 298 282; 620 297 298; 621 245 299; 622 246 300; 623 247 301
138. 624 248 302; 625 249 303; 626 250 304; 627 251 305; 628 252 306
139. 629 253 307; 630 254 308; 631 255 309; 632 256 310; 633 257 311
140. 634 258 312; 635 259 313; 636 260 314; 637 261 315; 638 262 316
141. 639 263 317; 640 264 318; 641 265 319; 642 266 320; 643 267 321
142. 644 268 322; 645 269 323; 646 270 324; 647 271 325; 648 272 326
143. 649 273 327; 650 274 328; 651 275 329; 652 276 330; 653 277 331
144. 654 278 332; 655 279 333; 656 280 334; 657 281 335; 658 282 336
145. 659 283 337; 660 284 338; 661 285 339; 662 286 340; 663 287 341
146. 664 288 342; 665 289 343; 666 290 344; 667 291 345; 668 292 346
147. 669 293 347; 670 294 348; 671 295 349; 672 296 350; 673 297 351
81
148. 674 298 352; 675 299 300; 676 300 301; 677 301 302; 678 302 303
149. 679 303 304; 680 304 305; 681 305 306; 682 306 307; 683 307 308
150. 684 308 309; 685 309 315; 686 315 317; 687 316 318; 688 317 319
151. 689 318 320; 690 319 321; 691 320 322; 692 321 323; 693 322 324
152. 694 323 325; 695 324 326; 696 325 327; 697 299 328; 698 328 329
153. 699 329 330; 700 330 331; 701 331 332; 702 332 333; 703 333 334
154. 704 334 335; 705 317 316; 706 321 320; 707 325 324; 708 316 314
155. 709 314 307; 710 314 313; 711 313 312; 712 312 311; 713 311 303
156. 714 305 312; 715 306 313; 716 335 342; 717 337 338; 718 338 336
157. 719 301 310; 720 342 347; 721 310 343; 722 343 344; 723 343 344
158. 724 330 343; 725 344 345; 726 344 345; 727 331 344; 728 345 346
159. 729 345 346; 730 333 345; 731 346 342; 732 346 342; 733 339 346
160. 734 347 348; 735 339 347; 736 348 349; 737 340 348; 738 349 337
161. 739 341 349; 740 341 340; 741 340 339; 742 311 310; 743 327 352
162. 744 326 350; 745 350 337; 746 341 350; 747 350 351; 748 352 336
163. 749 351 352; 750 299 353; 751 300 354; 752 301 355; 753 302 356
164. 754 303 357; 755 304 358; 756 305 359; 757 306 360; 758 307 361
165. 759 308 362; 760 309 363; 761 310 364; 762 311 365; 763 312 366
166. 764 313 367; 765 314 368; 766 315 369; 767 316 370; 768 317 371
167. 769 318 372; 770 319 373; 771 320 374; 772 321 375; 773 322 376
168. 774 323 377; 775 324 378; 776 325 379; 777 326 380; 778 327 381
169. 779 328 382; 780 329 383; 781 330 384; 782 331 385; 783 332 386
82
170. 784 333 387; 785 334 388; 786 335 389; 787 336 390; 788 337 391
171. 789 338 392; 790 339 393; 791 340 394; 792 341 395; 793 342 396
172. 794 343 397; 795 344 398; 796 345 399; 797 346 400; 798 347 401
173. 799 348 402; 800 349 403; 801 350 404; 802 351 405; 803 352 406
174. 804 353 354; 805 354 355; 806 355 356; 807 356 357; 808 357 358
175. 809 358 359; 810 359 360; 811 360 361; 812 361 362; 813 362 363
176. 814 363 369; 815 369 371; 816 370 372; 817 371 373; 818 372 374
177. 819 373 375; 820 374 376; 821 375 377; 822 376 378; 823 377 379
178. 824 378 380; 825 379 381; 826 353 382; 827 382 383; 828 383 384
179. 829 384 385; 830 385 386; 831 386 387; 832 387 388; 833 388 389
180. 834 371 370; 835 375 374; 836 379 378; 837 370 368; 838 368 361
181. 839 368 367; 840 367 366; 841 366 365; 842 365 357; 843 359 366
182. 844 360 367; 845 389 396; 846 391 392; 847 392 390; 848 355 364
183. 849 396 401; 850 364 397; 851 397 398; 852 397 398; 853 384 397
184. 854 398 399; 855 398 399; 856 385 398; 857 399 400; 858 399 400
185. 859 387 399; 860 400 396; 861 400 396; 862 393 400; 863 401 402
186. 864 393 401; 865 402 403; 866 394 402; 867 403 391; 868 395 403
187. 869 395 394; 870 394 393; 871 365 364; 872 381 406; 873 380 404
188. 874 404 391; 875 395 404; 876 404 405; 877 406 390; 878 405 406
189. 879 1 407; 880 9 408; 881 10 409; 882 11 410; 883 12 411; 884 13 412
190. 885 14 413; 886 15 414; 887 16 415; 888 17 416; 889 18 417; 890 19 418
191. 891 21 419; 892 23 420; 893 24 421; 894 25 422; 895 28 423; 896 29 424
83
192. 897 31 425; 898 32 426; 899 34 427; 900 35 428; 901 37 429; 902 38 430
193. 903 40 431; 904 41 432; 905 43 433; 906 44 434; 907 46 435; 908 53 436
194. 909 54 437; 910 55 438; 911 56 439; 912 57 440; 913 58 441; 914 59 442
195. 915 60 443; 916 62 444; 917 63 445; 918 64 446; 919 68 447; 920 69 448
196. 921 70 449; 922 71 450; 923 73 451; 924 74 452; 925 75 453; 926 76 454
197. 927 77 455; 928 78 456; 929 79 457; 930 242 458; 931 243 459
198. 932 244 460
ELEMENT INCIDENCES SHELL
200. 933 18 62 63 16; 934 10 71 60 1; 935 16 25 19 10; 936 242 63 71 76
201. 937 255 282 283 253; 938 247 288 281 245; 939 253 260 256 247
202. 940 296 283 288 292; 941 309 336 337 307; 942 301 342 335 299
203. 943 307 314 310 301; 944 350 337 342 346; 945 363 390 391 361
204. 946 355 396 389 353; 947 361 368 364 355; 948 404 391 396 400
205. UNIT METER KN
206. ELEMENT PROPERTY
207. 933 TO 948 THICKNESS 0.15
208. DEFINE MATERIAL START
209. ISOTROPIC CONCRETE
210. E 2.17184E+007
211. POISSON 0.17
212. DENSITY 23.6158
213. ALPHA 5E-006
84
214. DAMP 0.05
215. TYPE CONCRETE
216. STRENGTH FCU 27578.9
217. END DEFINE MATERIAL
218. MEMBER PROPERTY
219. 8 TO 17 20 23 24 26 27 29 30 32 33 35 36 38 45 TO 55 57 TO 64 67 69 -
220. 71 74 TO 76 78 TO 98 483 484 486 487 489 TO 932 PRIS YD 0.6 ZD 0.3
221. CONSTANTS
222. MATERIAL CONCRETE ALL
223. SUPPORTS
224. 407 TO 460 FIXED
225. LOAD 1 LOADTYPE DEAD TITLE DL
226. SELFWEIGHT Y -2.5 LIST ALL
227. LOAD 2 LOADTYPE LIVE REDUCIBLE TITLE LL
228. MEMBER LOAD
229. 804 TO 878 UNI GY -2.5
230. ELEMENT LOAD
231. 933 TO 948 PR 2.5
232. PERFORM ANALYSIS PRINT ALL
PR O B LE M S TAT I S T I C S
85
NUMBER OF JOINTS 270 NUMBER OF MEMBERS 516
NUMBER OF PLATES 16 NUMBER OF SOLIDS 0
NUMBER OF SURFACES 0 NUMBER OF SUPPORTS 54
B E A M N O.1 DESIGN RESULTS
M20 Fe415 (Main) Fe415 (Sec.)
LENGTH: 4023.4 mm SIZE: 300.0 mm X 600.0 mm COVER: 25.0 mm
SUMMARY OF REINF. AREA (Sq.mm)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECTION 0.0 mm 1005.8 mm 2011.7 mm 3017.5 mm 4023.4 mm
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOP 0.00 0.00 350.24 368.67 368.67
REINF. (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm)
BOTTOM 350.24 350.24 350.24 0.00 0.00
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY OF PROVIDED REINF. AREA
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOP 2-10í 2-10í 5-10í 5-10í 5-10í
REINF. 1 layer(s) 1 layer(s) 1 layer(s) 1 layer(s) 1 layer(s)
86
BOTTOM 5-10í 5-10í 5-10í 2-10í 2-10í
SHEAR 2 legged 8í 2 legged 8í 2 legged 8í 2 legged 8í 2 legged 8í
REINF. @ 190 mm c/c @ 190 mm c/c @ 190 mm c/c @ 190 mm c/c @ 190 mm c/c
SHEAR DESIGN RESULTS AT DISTANCE d (EFFECTIVE DEPTH) FROM FACE OF

THE SUPPORT
SHEAR DESIGN RESULTS AT 715.0 mm AWAY FROM START SUPPORT
VY = -3.93 MX = -0.08 LD= 2
Provide 2 Legged 8í @ 190 mm c/c
SHEAR DESIGN RESULTS AT 715.0 mm AWAY FROM END SUPPORT
VY = -29.69 MX = -0.05 LD= 1
B E A M N O.2 D ES I G N R E S U LTS
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOP 350.24 350.24 0.00 0.00 0.00
BOTTOM 0.00 0.00 350.24 350.24 350.24
87
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOP 5-10í 5-10í 2-10í 2-10í 2-10í
BOTTOM 2-10í 2-10í 5-10í 5-10í 5-10í
SHEAR DESIGN RESULTS AT DISTANCE d (EFFECTIVE DEPTH) FROM
SHEAR DESIGN RESULTS AT 715.0 mm AWAY FROM START SUPPORT
VY = 36.72 MX = -0.20 LD= 1
VY = 10.13 MX = -0.20 LD= 1
B E A M N O. 3 D ES I G N R E S U LTS
88
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOP 0.00 0.00 0.00 350.24 350.24
BOTTOM 350.24 350.24 350.24 0.00 0.00
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOP 2-10í 2-10í 2-10í 5-10í 5-10í
BOTTOM 5-10í 5-10í 5-10í 2-10í 2-10í
VY = -47.72 MX = 0.37 LD= 1
89
ESIGN RESULTS AT 715.0 mm AWAY FROM START SUPPORT
VY = -34.09 MX = 0.37 LD= 1
C O L U M N N O. 1 D E S I G N R E S U LT S
LENGTH: 3000.0 mm CROSS SECTION: 300.0 mm X 600.0 mm COVER: 40.0 mm
REQD. STEEL AREA : 565.74 Sq.mm.
REQD. CONCRETE AREA: 70717.88 Sq.mm.
MAIN REINFORCEMENT : Provide 8 - 12 dia. (0.50%, 904.78 Sq.mm.)
(Equally distributed)
TIE REINFORCEMENT : Provide 8 mm dia. rectangular ties @ 190 mm c/c
SECTION CAPACITY BASED ON REINFORCEMENT REQUIRED (KNS-MET)
Puz : 1791.00 Muz1 : 149.48 Muy1 : 71.05
INTERACTION RATIO: 0.39 (as per Cl. 39.6, IS456:2000)
SECTION CAPACITY BASED ON REINFORCEMENT PROVIDED (KNS-MET)
C O L U M N N O.2 D ES I G N R E S U LTS
LENGTH: 3000.0 mm CROSS SECTION: 300.0 mm X 600.0 mm COVER: 40.0 mm
REQD. STEEL AREA : 647.51 Sq.mm.
REQD. CONCRETE AREA: 80939.10 Sq.mm.
MAIN REINFORCEMENT : Provide 8 - 12 dia. (0.50%, 904.78 Sq.mm.)
90
(Equally distributed)
TIE REINFORCEMENT : Provide 8 mm dia. rectangular ties @ 190 mm c/c
CONCRETE TAKE OFF
(FOR BEAMS, COLUMNS AND PLATES DESIGNED ABOVE)
NOTE: CONCRETE QUANTITY REPRESENTS VOLUME OF CONCRETE IN BEAMS,

COLUMNS, AND PLATES DESIGNED ABOVE.
REINFORCING STEEL QUANTITY REPRESENTS REINFORCING STEEL IN

BEAMS AND COLUMNS DESIGNED ABOVE.
REINFORCING STEEL IN PLATES IS NOT INCLUDED IN THE REPORTED

QUANTITY.
TOTAL VOLUME OF CONCRETE = 367.2 CU.METER
BAR DIA WEIGHT
(in mm) (in New)
8 64671
10 70217
12 38734
16 5786
20 5336
25 2678
32 743
------------
TOTAL= 188166
91
244. PERFORM ANALYSIS PRINT ALL
FINISH
STAAD PRO OUTPUT:
BUILDING FRAME MODEL WITH FIXED SUPPORT:
BUILDING FRAME MODEL WITH MEMBER PROPERTY:
92
BUILDING FRAME MODEL COMBINED LOAD:
FINITE ELEMENT MODELING:
93
LOADING ON BEAM:
SHEAR FORCE AND BENDING MOMENT:
94
DESIGN OF BEAM
BE M NO. 1 DESIGN RESULTS
DEFLECTION:
95
COLUMN DESIGN
COLUMN NO 1 DESIGN RESULT:
CHAPTER 11
DETAILED ESTIMATION OF GROUND FLOOR
96
SL
DESCRIPTION LENGTH BREADTH DEPTH UNITS QUANTITY
NO
R.C.C .Column 1:1.5:3
1) column 600x300mm 50 0.6 0.3 3 m3 18.36
1 2) column 300x300mm 12 0.3 0.3 3 m3 2.16
Total m3 20.52
2 R.C.C. beam 1:1.5:3 62 8 0.3 0.45 m3 66.96
Total m3 66.96
Stair case 1:1.5:3 mix
3 1) Waist slab 2 3.3 2 0.16 m3 2.112
2) Landing 1 3 2 0.16 m3 0.96
Total m3 3.072
4 Bricks for steps 20 2 0.3 0.15 m3 1.8
Total m3 1.8
5 R.C.C. lintel 1:1.5:3 62 5 0.3 4 m3 372
Total m3 372
6 R.C.C. floor 1:1.5:3 22 8 8 0.15 m3 211.2
Total m3 211.2
7 Glass work 20mm thick 56 8 3 m2 1344
Total m2 1344
8 Bricks for wall 3 8 0.3 3 m3 21.6
Total m3 21.6
plastering
9 1) wall 6 8 3 m2 144
2) ceiling 21 8 8 m2 1344
Total m2 1488
White washing
10 1) wall 6 8 3 m2 144
2) ceiling 21 8 8 m2 1344
Total m2 1488
DETAILED ESTIMATION OF FIRST FLOOR

SL
DESCRIPTION NO LENGTH BREADTH DEPTH UNITS QUANTITY
NO
97
1) column 600x300mm 50 0.6 0.3 3 m3 18.36
1 2) column 300x300mm 12 0.3 0.3 3 m3 2.16
Total m3 20.52
2 R.C.C. beam 1:1.5:3 62 8 0.3 0.45 m3 66.96
Total m3 66.96
3 1) Waist slab 2 3.3 2 0.16 m3 2.112
2) Landing 1 3 2 0.16 m3 0.96
Total m3 3.072
Total m3 1.8
5 R.C.C. lintel 1:1.5:3 62 5 0.3 4 m3 372
Total m3 372
6 R.C.C. floor 1:1.5:3 22 8 8 0.15 m3 211.2
Total m3 211.2
Total m2 1344
8 Bricks for wall 3 8 0.3 3 m3 21.6
Total m3 21.6
plastering
9 1) wall 6 8 3 m2 144
2) ceiling 21 8 8 m2 1344
Total m2 1488
White washing m2
10 1) wall 6 8 3 m2 144
2) ceiling 21 8 8 m2 1344
Total m2 1488
DETAILED ESTIMATION OF SECOND FLOOR
SL
DESCRIPTION NO LENGTH BREADTH DEPTH UNITS QUANTITY
NO
1) column 600x300mm 50 0.6 0.3 3 m3 12.96
1 2) column 300x300mm 12 0.3 0.3 3 m3 2.16
98
Total m3 15.12
2 R.C.C. beam 1:1.5:3 38 8 0.3 0.45 m3 41.04
Total m3 41.04
3 1) Waist slab 2 3.3 2 0.16 m3 2.112
2) Landing 1 3 2 0.16 m3 0.96
Total m3 3.072
Total m3 1.8
5 R.C.C. lintel 1:1.5:3 38 5 0.3 4 m3 228
Total m3 228
6 R.C.C. floor 1:1.5:3 14 8 8 0.15 m3 134.4
Total m3 134.4
Total m2 504
8 Bricks for wall 15 8 0.3 3 m3 108
Total m3 108
plastering
9 1) wall 30 8 3 m2 144
2) ceiling 14 8 8 m2 1344
Total m2 1488
White washing
10 1) wall 30 8 3 m2 144
2) ceiling 14 8 8 m2 1344
Total m2 1488
COST ABSTRACT
S.L DESCRIPTION QUANTIT RATE UNITS AMOUNT

Y
NO (RS) (RS)
1 Earth work 144 130 m3 9700.80

excavation for
99
foundation
2 Foundation 70.8 3250 m3 230100.00

concrete.P.C.C
3 R.C.C. column 88.8 3370 m3 299256.00

footing
4 Plinth beam 63.36 3370 m3 213523.20
5 R.C.C. column 83.16 3500 m3 291060.00
6 R.C.C. lintel 188.64 3400 m3 641376.00
7 R.C.C. beam 259.44 3500 m3 908040.00
8 Earth filling for 1408 250 m3 352000.00

basement Size8x8m
9 Flooring 10mm t .k 281.4 3350 m3 942690.00
10 Stair case 1:1.5:3 12.288 3500 m3 43008.00
11 Bricks for steps 7.2 3580 m3 25776.00
12 Brick work for 338.4 3580 m3 1211472.00

superstructure.
13 Plastering 14256 240 m2 3421440.00
14 White washing 11568 20 m2 230760.00
15 Glass work 27192 200 m2 5438400.00
16 Reinforcement steel 77400 60 kg 4644000.00
Total 18902602.0
100
0
CONCLUSION
The “PLANNING, DESIGNING AND ESTIMATION OF SHOPPING

MALL” has been completed effectively in our project.
Limit state method is adopted for designing the various components of the
buildings in this limit state concept, the structure shall be designed to withstand
safely all loads liable to act throughout its life time the approach has the merit of
simplicity and economy.
The building act as a three- dimensional space frame. All the slabs have been
designed as one way slabs, except staircase slab.
All the drawings presented in this project report were drafted by
using AutoCAD2015 software.
101
The design and estimation works are done manually.
REFERENCE
 DHIRAJLAL.A “Design of RC Elements (Limit State Method)”This CBT

IS A Product of Sonaversity.
 I.S code of Practices SP 16-1999 Bureau of Indian Standards March

1999.New Delhi.
 Indian Standard code of practice for plain and Reinforced concrete (Fourth
Revision) IS: 456-2000.Bureau of Indian Standards, July 2000, New Delhi.
 KRISHNA RAJU.N “Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures”, CBC

Publishers &Distributors, New Delhi.
 PUNMIA.P.C “Design of Concrete Structure” Lakshmi Publications.
102
103

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CHAPTER 1

1.1 STRUCTURAL DETAILS:

Type of structure : framed structure

1.4 STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS

Reinforced concrete slabs constitute the most common type of structure

1. One way slab

2. Two way slab

Structural concrete beam elements are designed to support given system of

1. Singly reinforced beam

2. Doubly reinforced beam

Here we using Axially Loaded column, uniaxial column &Biaxial column

Here we using Rectangular footing only

1.4.5 STAIR CASE

Types of stair case

1. Dog legged stairs

2. Open well stairs

3. Half turn stairs

In this project we using dog legged stair 20 steps.

Here we using R.C.C lintel

Earth work excavation for foundation is proposed to a depth of 1.0m below

P.C.C. 1:5:10 mix using 40mm stone aggregate is provided as leveling

2.3 SUPER STRUCTURE

R.C.C. Roof in M25 concrete is to be laid. A layer of weathering course

2.6 SLABS, COLUMNS, BEAMS AND FOOTINGS

TWO WAY SLAB (S1)

Length of longer span direction = 9.14 m

Length of shorter span direction = 7.62 m

Grade of concrete = M25

Grade of steel = Fe415

Slenderness ratio = ly / l x < 2

Hence it is a two way slab.

CROSS SECTION DIMENSION

Over all depth = 9140/25

d = 270mm, taking 150mm

Self weight of slab = 1 x D x 25

Live load = 5 kn/m2

Floor finish = 0.5 kn/m2

Total load, w = 10 kn/m2

Wu = total load x 1.5

BENDING MOMENT AND SHAER FORCE

CHECK FOR DEPTH

77.73 X 106 = 0.138 X 25 X 1000 X d2

MU limit= 0.138 X 25 X1000 X1502

Hence the section is under reinforcement.

Shorter span and longer span are same.

MU = 0.87 x fY x Ast x d x(1- (fY x Ast)/( f ckX b X d)

Ast mini = 0.12/100x 1000 x 170

Provide 12mm dia bar.

Spacing = 1000 x113.04 / 1280.46

Provide 12mm dia bar at 100mm spacing in both side of slab.

CHECK FOR SHEAR STRESS

Pt = 100 x 1280.46 / 1000 x 150

Hence the shear stress is within safe permissible limits.

CHECK FOR CRACK CONTROL

Ast mini = 0.12/100x 1000 x 170

Spacing of main reinforcement = 3xd

Hence the crack will be within safe permissible limits.

CHECK FOR DEFLECTION CONTROL

Pt = 100 x 1280.46 / 1000 x 150

Modified factor = 1.4

Area of tension steel at the one corner in four layers is computed as

Length of torsion steel = 1 /5 shorter span

Provide 8mm dia bar

Spacing = 1000X π/4 X82/960.34