for BAHRIA UNIVERSITY – BS Accounting & Finance students
from, the Desk of
BASIC CONCEPTS of TAXATION
1. Preliminaries & Definition
Types of Person & Heads of
2. Income – Assessee wise
Taxability
HEADS of INCOME – SALARY Income – Taxation
3. SALARY Income – I
4.
SALARY Income – II
5. SALARY Income – III
HEADS of INCOME – Income from Property & Capital Gains
6. Income from Property
Part – I
Tax basic concepts.
Tax & Economy
Tax Definitions.
Taxes in Pakistan
What is Assessee
Tax STATUS of Assessee,
NTN & its importance
Tax Return filling requirements
Part – II
Definition.
What is Salary & salaried
Individual
What does it include.
Exemptions in Salary Incomes.
Calculation of Taxable incomes
Tax Slabs for Salary Income
Salary Tax Credits & Rebates.
Practical Question for calculation
of Tax Charge for Salary Income
Salary Tax Planning
Part – II
Basic Concept &
What does it include
Rent Income subject to Tax
SAJJAD
Assessment of Student’s
understanding.
Class Discussion and Query Session
on Taxation.
History of Income & Sales Tax in
Pakistan.
Lecture on the Topics.
Documentation and actual NTN
presentation.
Query Session with Students, who
should file Tax Return.
Lecture on the Topic.
Presentation of an Actual salary Slip
and Salary Certificate.
Practical Example of Perqs. Benefits
and Allowances.
Lecture on the Topic.
Method of Tax Slab development.
Examples to calculate Gross Salary
and Taxable Salary.
Lecture on the Topic.
Mathematical Formula calculation.
Class Assignment for Individual’s Tax
Calculation.
Presentation on filed Return of
Salaried Individual.
Lecture on the Topic.
Discussion on the skeleton of
calculation for Income from property.
 for BAHRIA UNIVERSITY – BS Accounting & Finance students
Basic Concept &
What does it include
7. CAPITAL GAINS
Person wise Taxability
Part – III
Payment of Taxes – as Prepayments
8. What is Advance Tax & its need.
Advance Tax concept
What is Withholding Tax & its
structure of collection.
FTR – its concept & applicability
Withholding Tax concept and
9.
Final Tax Regime
Part – III
SALES TAX
Basic concept of Sales Tax &
10. Sales Tax – Basic Concept SALES TAX ACT – 1990
Sales Tax Collection mechanism
from, the Desk of
SAJJAD
Charge of Tax & its presentation.
Withholding Tax rates applicable
Assignment to students for solving a
related Question
Calculation of Capital Gains subject
to Tax
Tax Slabs for Capital Gains tax charge
Market affect due to variation in
Capital Gain Taxation
Assignment to students for solving a
related Question
Lecture on the Topic.
Withholding Tax Table as per ITO-
2001
Advance Tax calculation exercise
Relationship of withholding Tax to
FTR
Assignment to students for solving a
related Question
Presentation of an FTR Return
Lecture on the Topic.
Sales Tax mode of direct & major
collection of Tax
Class Discussion on VAT vs Sales
Tax
Assignment to students to evaluate
affect of sales Tax on Inflation and
increase in prices
 for BAHRIA UNIVERSITY – BS Accounting & Finance students

from, the Desk of

SAJJAD
 
 
 
 

INTRODUCTION & PRELIMINARIES

 TAX is a charge against Income and is payable to Government at the relevant applicable rates under
the law.
 There are 2 main Tax charges applicable in Pakistan; i.e; Income Tax & Sales Tax.
 INCOME TAX is chargeable as per Income Tax Ordinance which defines its scope, calculation &
collection procedures. The last Income Tax Ordinance was issued in year – 2001 & is now
applicable along with its amendments (mainly at Budgets) and various other time to time
pronouncements.
 SALES TAX is a kind of a value added tax charged on Sales value at specified rate. Its Scope, charge
& collection is executable as per Sales Tax Act 1990. Sales Tax is charged on certain activities by
Federal.
 Government while on few services/activities, the sales tax is being charged by relevant Provincial
 Governments (for Sind, its Sind Revenue Board).  

Tax on taxable income.—

 Subject to Income Tax Ordinance, income tax shall be imposed for each tax year, at the rate
or rates specified in the ITO’s First Schedule – Part 1 on every person who has taxable
income for the year.
 The income tax payable by a taxpayer for a tax year shall be computed by applying the rate
or rates of tax applicable to the taxpayer under this Ordinance to the taxable income of the
taxpayer for the year, and from the resulting amount shall be subtracted any tax credits
allowed to the taxpayer for the year.
 Tax on certain payments to non-residents. Is applicable at the given rates under sec 152 &
where treaty to avoid double taxation does not exist.

PERSON for Taxation purpose are classified into following categories u/s 80 :
 An INDIVIDUAL;
 a COMPANY or
 ASSOCIATION of PERSON incorporated, formed, organized or established in Pakistan or
elsewhere;
For the purposes of Taxation —
 Association of person includes a firm, a Hindu undivided family, any artificial juridical person
and
 anybody of persons formed under a foreign law, but does not include a company;

 COMPANY means —
i. a company as defined in the Companies Ordinance, 1984 (XLVII of 1984);
ii. a body corporate formed by or under any law in force in Pakistan;
iii. a modaraba;
 for BAHRIA UNIVERSITY – BS Accounting & Finance students

from, the Desk of

SAJJAD
 
 
iv. a body incorporated by or under the law of a country outside Pakistan relating to
incorporation of companies;
v. a trust, a co-operative society or a finance society [or any other society established or
constituted by or under any law for the time being in force;]
vi. a foreign association, whether incorporated or not, which the 1[Board] has, by general
or special order, declared to be a company for the purposes of this Ordinance; (vii) a
Provincial Government;
vii. a Local Government in Pakistan; or
viii. a Small Company; which would include a company registered after 01/07/2005 with a total
ix. capital/equity of (maximum) Rs.25Million, Turnover not exceeding 250Million & total
employees of 250 and which is not formed by the splitting up or the reconstitution of
business already in existence.
 

Tax Rates for Persons & Incomes

 

INDIVIDUALS – as per their status of being SALARIED or NON-SALARIED … Refer

Schedule – I
Association of Persons (AOP) – as per the rates prescribed for NON-SALARIED
Individuals … Refer Schedule – I
TAX Rate for LIMITED COMPANIES ::; The rate of tax imposed on the taxable income of
a company for the tax year 2017 and onward shall be 31%.
Whereas if taxpayer is a Small company as defined above, Tax shall be payable at the rate of 25%.
Whereas if taxpayer is a Banking company as defined above, Tax shall be payable at the rate of 33%.

COMPUTATION OF TAXABLE INCOME

Total Income.— The total income of a person for a tax year shall be the sum of the person‘s
income under each of the heads of income for the year.
Taxable income.— The taxable income of a person for a tax year shall be the total income of the
person for the year reduced (but not below zero) by the total of any deductible allowances as
allowed under the applicable law.
Heads of income.— (1) For the purposes of the imposition of tax and the computation of total
income, all income shall be classified under the following heads, namely:–

(a) Salary;
(b) Income from Property;
(c) Income from Business;
(d) Capital Gains; and
(e) Income from Other Sources.
 for BAHRIA UNIVERSITY – BS Accounting & Finance students

from, the Desk of

SAJJAD
 
 

Status of Resident & Non-Resident Persons
A person shall be a resident person for a tax year if the person is a Resident Individual, Resident
Company, Resident Association of Persons (AOP) for the year; or is the Federal Government.
While a person shall be Non-Resident person for a tax year if the person is not a resident person
for that year.

Resident individual – Section 82 
An individual shall be a resident individual for a tax year if the individual — is present in
Pakistan for a period (in continuity or in aggregate) of, one hundred and eighty-three (183) days
or more in the tax year;
 

Resident company – Section 83 
A company shall be a resident company for a tax year if :—
(a) It is incorporated or formed by or under any law in force in Pakistan;
(b) The control and management of the affairs of the company is situated wholly or almost
wholly in Pakistan at any time in the year; or
(c) It is a Provincial Government or local authority in Pakistan.
 

Resident Association of Persons (AOP) – Section 84 
An association of persons shall be a resident association of persons for a tax year if the control and
management of the affairs of the association is situated wholly or partly in Pakistan at any time in the year.
 

 The income of a Resident Person under a head of income shall be computed by taking into
account amounts that are Pakistan-source income and amounts that are foreign-source income.
 The income of a Non-resident Person under a head of income shall be computed by taking into
account only amounts that are Pakistan-source income. All Persons who does not cover under the
above stated criteria of Resident Person are Non Resident Person. 
 

National Tax Number – NTN

Every Assessee / Person needs to obtain a National Tax Number (NTN) as an evidence of its
being registered with Income Tax Authorities. For NTN, its obligatory on Person to file an
application & obtain the NTN number & certificate. This NTN is used by Tax Authorities as a
reference for all future dealings/events / transactions with the Person or by the the Person with
Tax Authorities.
Process of obtaining NTN
 Every taxpayer shall apply in the prescribed form and in the prescribed manner for registration.
 The Commissioner having jurisdiction over a case, where necessitated by the facts of the case,
may register a taxpayer in the prescribed manner.
 Taxpayers‘ registration scheme shall be regulated through the rules to be notified by the Board.
Active taxpayers’ list
Any Tax Payer who has been deregistered at his own application or by the department on any
default/penal action or voluntarily basis would become a non-active TaxPayer and as such
would be delisted from Active TaxPayer lists.
 The Board shall have the power to institute active taxpayers‘ list. Active taxpayers‘ list shall be
regulated as may be prescribed
 for BAHRIA UNIVERSITY – BS Accounting & Finance students

from, the Desk of

SAJJAD
 
 
RETURNS – filling by PERSONS

Following persons are required to furnish a return of income for a tax year:–
 every company;
 every person (other than a company) whose taxable income for the year exceeds the
maximum amount that is not chargeable to tax under this Ordinance for the year;
 any non-profit organization / approved welfare institution as defined in ITO;
 any person who has been charged to tax in respect of any of the two preceding tax years;
 any person who claims a loss carried forward under this Ordinance for a tax year;
 any person who owns immovable property with a land area of 250 square yards or more or
owns any flat located in areas falling within the municipal limits existing immediately before
the commencement of Local
 Government laws in the provinces; or areas in a Cantonment; or the Islamabad Capital Territory
 any person who owns immoveable property with a land area of 500 square yards or more
located in a rating area
 any person who owns a flat having covered area of 2,000 square feet or more located in a rating area;
 any person who owns a motor vehicle having engine capacity above 1000 CC;
 any person who has obtained National Tax Number, including an AOP.

A return of income – shall be in the prescribed form and shall be accompanied by such
annexures, statements or documents as may be prescribed;
 fully state all the relevant particulars or information as specified in the form of return,
including a declaration of the records kept by the taxpayer; and
 be signed by the person, being an individual, or the person‘s representative.

The Commissioner may, by notice in writing, require a person, or his representative, as the case
may be, to furnish a return of income by the date specified in the notice for a period of less than
12 months, where -
the person has died;
the person has become bankrupt or gone into liquidation;
the person is about to leave Pakistan permanently;
the Commissioner otherwise considers it appropriate to require such a return to be furnished.

Commissioner may, by notice in writing, require any person who, in the Commissioner‘s
opinion, is required to file a return of income under this section for a tax year or assessment year
but who has failed to do so to furnish a return of income for that year within 30days from the
date of service of such notice.
A Revised return may be filed by a Person, if any person who having furnished a return
discovers any omission or wrong statement therein, may file revised return subject to the
following conditions :-
it is accompanied by the revised accounts or revised audited accounts, as the case may be; and
the reasons for revision of return, in writing, duly signed, by the taxpayers are filed with the return.
 for BAHRIA UNIVERSITY – BS Accounting & Finance students

from, the Desk of

SAJJAD
 
 
Persons not required to furnish a return of income. —
Where the entire income of a taxpayer in a tax year consists of income chargeable under the
head SALARY, Annual Statement of Deduction of Income Tax from Salary, filed by the
employer of such taxpayer, in prescribed form, the same shall, for the purposes of this
Ordinance, be treated as a return of income furnished by the taxpayer. However, where salary
income, for the tax year is Rs.500,000 or more, the taxpayer shall file return of income
electronically in the prescribed form and it shall be accompanied by the proof of deduction or
payment of tax and wealth statement as required.
The following persons shall also not be required to furnish a return of income for a tax year
solely by specific reason attributed to their limitations
 A widow;
 an orphan below the age of twenty-five years;
 a disabled person; or
 in the case of ownership of immovable property, a nonresident person.

Any person who is not obliged to furnish a return for a tax year because all the person‘s income is
subject to FINAL TAXATION (Final discharge at transaction level) shall furnish to the
Commissioner a statement showing such particulars relating to the person‘s income for the tax year
in such form and verified in such manner as may be prescribed and will not file a separate return.
Wealth statement.-
REQUIREMENT
Every resident taxpayer filing a return of income for any tax year who has a declared or assessed
income shall furnish a wealth statement and wealth reconciliation statement for that year along
with such return.
Where a person, who has furnished a wealth statement, discovers any omission or wrong
statement therein, he may, without prejudice to any liability incurred by him under any provision
of this Ordinance, furnish a revised wealth statement at any time before an assessment, for the
tax year to which it relates.

FORMAT & PARTICULARS

Commissioner may, by notice in writing, require any person to furnish, on the date specified in
the notice, a wealth statement in the prescribed format giving particulars of –
o the person‘s total assets and liabilities as on the date or dates specified in such notice;
o the total assets and liabilities of the person‘s spouse, minor children, and other dependents as on
the date or dates specified in such notice;
o any assets transferred by the person to any other person during the period or periods specified
in such notice and the consideration for the transfer;
o total expenditures incurred by the person, and his/her spouse, minor children, and other
dependents during the period or periods specified in the notice and the details of such
Expenditures; and
o the reconciliation statement of wealth.
Every person (other than a company) filing statement, as falling under final tax regime (FTR)
and has paid tax amounting to Rs.35,000 or more for the tax year, shall file a wealth statement
alongwith reconciliation of wealth statement
 for BAHRIA UNIVERSITY – BS Accounting & Finance students

from, the Desk of

SAJJAD
 
 

SALARY – Income Taxation

Salary; is an amount paid by the Employer to Employee as a consideration against the services/efforts
provided by the Employee against the directives of Employer.

Any salary received by an employee in a tax year, other than salary that is exempt from tax under this
Ordinance, shall be chargeable to tax in that year under head of SALARY.

Salary means any amount received by an employee from any employment, whether
of a revenue or capital nature, including —
a) any pay, wages or other remuneration provided to an employee, including leave pay, payment in lieu of
leave, overtime payment, bonus, commission, fees, gratuity or work condition supplements (such as for
unpleasant or dangerous working conditions) [Provided that any bonus paid or payable to corporate
employees receiving salary income of one million rupees or more (excluding bonus) in tax year 2010, shall
be chargeable to tax at the rate provided.

b) any perquisite, whether convertible to money or not;

c) the amount of any allowance provided by an employer to an employee including a cost of living,
subsistence, rent, utilities, education, entertainment or travel allowance, but shall not include any allowance
solely expended in the performance of the employee‘s duties of employment;
d) the amount of any expenditure incurred by an employee that is paid or reimbursed by the employer, other
than expenditure incurred on behalf of the employer in the performance of the employee‘s duties of
employment;
e) the amount of any profits in lieu of, or in addition to, salary or wages, including any amount received;
i. as consideration for a person‘s agreement to enter into an employment relationship;
ii. as consideration for an employee‘s agreement to any conditions of employment or any changes to the employee‘s conditions of
employment;
iii. on termination of employment, whether paid voluntarily or under an agreement, including any compensation for
redundancy or loss of employment and golden handshake payments;
iv. from a provident or other fund, to extent to which amount is not a repayment of contributions made by the employee to the
fund in respect of which employee was not entitled to a deduction; and
v. as consideration for employee‘s agreement to a restrictive covenant in respect of any past, present or prospective employment;
f) any pension or annuity, or any supplement to a pension or annuity; and
g) any amount chargeable to tax as Salary under reward received through Employee’s share scheme

Value of perquisites.—   For the purposes of computing the income of an employee for a tax
year chargeable to tax under the head “Salary”, the value of any perquisite provided by an employer
to the employee in that year that is included in the employee’s salary under section 12 shall be
determined in accordance with this section.

1. Where, in a tax year, a motor vehicle is provided by an employer to an employee wholly or partly
for the private use of the employee, the amount chargeable to tax to the employee under the head
“Salary” for that year shall include an amount computed as may be prescribed.
 for BAHRIA UNIVERSITY – BS Accounting & Finance students

from, the Desk of

SAJJAD
 
 
2. Where, in a tax year, the services of a housekeeper, driver, gardener or other domestic assistant is
provided by an employer to an employee, the amount chargeable to tax to the employee under the
head “Salary” for that year shall include the total salary paid to the domestic assistant such house
keeper, driver, gardener or other domestic assistant] in that year for services rendered to the
employee, as reduced by any payment made to the employer for such services.

3. Where, in a tax year, utilities are provided by an employer to an employee, the amount chargeable
to tax to the employee under the head “Salary” for that year shall include the fair market value of
the utilities provided, as reduced by any payment made by the employee for the utilities.

4. Where a loan is made, on or after the 1st day of July, 2002, by an employer to an employee and
either no profit on loan is payable by the employee or the rate of profit on loan is less than the
benchmark rate, the amount chargeable to tax to the employee under the head “Salary” for a tax
year shall include an amount equal to—
 the profit on loan computed at the benchmark rate, where no profit on loan is payable by the
employee, or
 the difference between the amount of profit on loan paid by the employee in that tax year and the
amount of profit on loan computed at the benchmark rate, as the case may be
 
5. Where, in a tax year, an obligation of an employee to pay or repay an amount owing by the
employee to the employer is waived by the employer, the amount chargeable to tax to the
employee under the head “Salary” for that year shall include the amount so waived.

6. Where, in a tax year, an obligation of an employee to pay or repay an amount owing by the
employee to another person is paid by the employer, the amount chargeable to tax to the
employee under the head “Salary” for that year shall include the amount so paid.

7. Where, in a tax year, property is transferred or services are provided by an employer to an

employee, the amount chargeable to tax to the employee under the head “Salary” for that year
shall include the fair market value of the property or services determined at the time the property
is transferred or the services are provided, as reduced by any payment made by the employee for
the property or services.
8. Where, in the tax year, accommodation or housing is provided by an employer to an employee, the
amount chargeable to tax to the employee under the head “Salary" for that year shall include an
amount computed as may be prescribed.
9. Where, in a tax year, an employer has provided an employee with a perquisite which is not covered
by sub-sections (3) through (12), the amount chargeable to tax to the employee under the head
“Salary” for that year shall include the fair market value of the perquisite, except where the rules, if
any, provide otherwise,] determined at the time it is provided, as reduced by any payment made by
the employee for the perquisite
 for BAHRIA UNIVERSITY – BS Accounting & Finance students

from, the Desk of

SAJJAD
 
 
As of date all INCOME received under the head SALARY are Taxable at the applicable rate of
relevant slab. The tax credit/tax reductions available against the above are :
Adjustment of Tax Deducted/ Collected on,- (i.e; Tax Credits)
(a) Motor vehicle u/s 234 in respect of motor vehicle registered in employee’s own name;
(b) Telephone/mobile phone bill as subscriber of telephone under section 236;
(c) Cash withdrawals from banks under section 231A; (@ 0.30% if withdrawal is more than 25,000)
(d) Registration of NEW Car/Jeep U/S 231-b;
(e) Tax deducted under section 231AA; (on Banking instruments, i.e; SDR, COD, TDR etc, preparation)  
These are direct deductions available against determined Tax liability. 
 
 

Tax REABATES are available against a formula/calculation on the

following financial transactions,-
(a) Donations to approved NPOs (section 61);
(b) Investment in shares (section 62);
(c) Contribution to approved pension funds (section 63); and
(d) Profit on debt paid in respect of following housing loan etc. (section 64)., Now it is a direct
deduction from taxable salary (like Zakat … )
 for BAHRIA UNIVERSITY – BS Accounting & Finance students

from, the Desk of

SAJJAD
 
 
 for BAHRIA UNIVERSITY – BS Accounting & Finance students

from, the Desk of

SAJJAD
 
 
 for BAHRIA UNIVERSITY – BS Accounting & Finance students

from, the Desk of

SAJJAD
 
 
 for BAHRIA UNIVERSITY – BS Accounting & Finance students

from, the Desk of

SAJJAD
 
 
Q – 4 Ali SALMAN is a Business Head – International in a reputable Financial Institution having an
extensive experience in his field with bright future.
His salaries & benefits were as follows. Prepare Tax computation for Mr. Ali Salman for the year :
Basic Salary (per month) 144,500
House Rent Allowance (per month) 58,200
Cost of Living Allowance (per month) 14,800
Furnished Accommodation provided by Employer Annual Letting Value is Rs. 1,000,000
Medical Allowance (per month) 16,500
Leave Encashment (Annual basis) 144,500
Liability of overdue credit card paid by employer 62,800
BONUS (Annual basis) 60% of 5 Basic Salaries
CAR 1500cc Car, having Market Value/cost of 2,280,000
House Servant provided 1 servant, whose salary was 12,000
Entertainment cost Reimbursed (per Annum) 82,000
Provident Fund Contribution (per month) 14,450
Medical Reimbursement – for Hospitalization 120,000
Shares by Employer 8,000 shares that had market value @ Rs.136 @ Rs. 4 per share
House Loan by the Employer 8,250,000 @ 4% - while same loan in market was @ 12%
Ali Salman also had following information that may impact his tax computation !
Zakat paid during the year 560,000
Insurance premium paid on Life Insurance policy 212,000
Investment in Mutual Units 520,000
Tax deducted on Mobile phone / PTCL 17,200
Tax paid on Office Vehicle 32,000

Q . 5 (Salary Taxation) –
SHAYAN is a Chief Financial Officer in a reputable Air-Line having an extensive experience in
his field with bright future.
His salaries & benefits were as follows. Prepare Tax computation for Mr.Shayan for the year :
Basic Salary (per month) 224,500
House Rent Allowance (per month) 78,300
Cost of Living Allowance (per month) 14,600
Furnished Accommodation provided by Employer Annual Letting Value is Rs. 1,200,000
Medical Allowance (per month) 25,000
Leave Encashment (Annual basis) 142,500
BONUS (Annual basis) 1,021,500
CAR 1300cc Car, having Market Value/cost of 2,280,000
House Servant amount availed 1 servant, whose salary was 11,000
 for BAHRIA UNIVERSITY – BS Accounting & Finance students

from, the Desk of

SAJJAD
 
 
Entertainment cost Reimbursed – 50% personal 82,000
Provident Fund Contribution (per month) 12,000
Employer paid his personal Credit Card payment – stuck for last 2 years 182,000
House Loan by the Employer 8,250,000 @ 4% - while same loan in market was @ 12%
Shayan also had following information that may impact his tax computation !
Zakat paid during the year 720,000
Insurance premium paid for his vehicle 212,000
House Loan utilized & Mark-up paid for the year 622,000
Tax deducted on Mobile phone / PTCL 17,200
Tax deducted by the Employer 332,000
 for BAHRIA UNIVERSITY – BS Accounting & Finance students

from, the Desk of

SAJJAD
 
 
 for BAHRIA UNIVERSITY – BS Accounting & Finance students

from, the Desk of

SAJJAD
 
 

INCOME from PROPERTY – Income Taxation

A. The rent received or receivable by a person for a tax year, other than rent exempt from tax under this
Ordinance, shall be chargeable to tax in that year under the head “Income from Property”.
B. “Rent” means any amount received or receivable by the owner of land or a building as consideration
for the use or occupation of, or the right to use or occupy, the land or building, and includes any
forfeited deposit paid under a contract for the sale of land or a building.
C. This section shall not apply to any rent received or receivable by any person in respect of the lease of a
building together with plant and machinery and such rent shall be chargeable to tax under the head
“Income from Other Sources”.
D. Where any amount is included in rent received or receivable by any person for the provision of
amenities, utilities or any other service connected with the renting of the building, such amount shall
be chargeable to tax under the head “Income from Other Sources”.
E. where the rent received or receivable by a person is less than the fair market rent for the property, the
person shall be treated as having derived the fair market rent for the period the property is let on rent
in the tax year.
F. This shall not apply where the fair market rent is included in the income of the lessee chargeable to tax
under the head “Salary”.
G. Income under this section derived by an individual or an association of persons shall be liable to tax at
the rate specified in Division V of Part I of the First Schedule.

H. The provisions of rent income taxation, shall not apply in respect of an individual or association of
persons who derive income chargeable to tax under this section not exceeding two hundred
thousand rupees in a tax year and does not derive taxable income under any other head

In computing the income of a company chargeable to tax under the head “Income from Property”
for a tax year, a deduction shall be allowed for the following expenditures or allowances, namely:-
1. In respect of repairs to a building, an allowance equal to one-fifth of the rent chargeable to tax in
respect of the building for the year, computed before any deduction allowed under this section;
2. any premium paid or payable by the company in the year to insure the building against the risk of
damage or destruction;
3. any local rate, tax, charge or cess in respect of the property or the rent from the property paid or
payable by the company] to any local authority or government in the year, not being any tax payable
under this Ordinance;
 for BAHRIA UNIVERSITY – BS Accounting & Finance students

from, the Desk of

SAJJAD
 
 
4. any ground rent paid or payable by the company] in the year in respect of the property;
5. any profit paid or payable by the company] in the year on any money borrowed including by way of
mortgage, to acquire, construct, renovate, extend or reconstruct the property;
6. where the property has been acquired, constructed, renovated, extended, or reconstructed by the
company] with capital contributed by the House Building Finance Corporation or a scheduled bank
under a scheme of investment in property on the. basis of sharing the rent made by the Corporation
or bank, the share in rent and share towards appreciation in the value of property (excluding the
return of capital, if any) from the property paid or payable by the company] to the said Corporation
or the bank in the year under that scheme;
7. where the property is subject to mortgage or other capital charge, the amount of profit or interest
paid on such mortgage or charge;
8. any expenditure, not exceeding six per cent of the rent chargeable to tax in respect of the property
for the year computed before any deduction allowed under this section, paid or payable by the
company] in the year wholly and exclusively for the purpose of deriving rent chargeable to tax under
the head, “Income from Property” including administration and collection charges;”]
9. any expenditure paid or payable by the company] in the tax year for legal services acquired to defend
the company]’s title to the property or any suit connected with the property in a court; and
10. where there are reasonable grounds for believing that any unpaid rent in respect of the property is
irrecoverable, an allowance equal to the unpaid rent shall be allowed as deduction.

11. where any unpaid rent allowed as a deduction is wholly or partly recovered, the amount recovered
shall be chargeable to tax in the tax year in which it is recovered.
 

 Where a person has been allowed a deduction for any expenditure incurred in deriving rent chargeable
to tax under the head “Income from Property” and the person has not paid the liability or a part of the
liability to which the deduction relates within three years of the end of the tax year in which the
deduction was allowed, the unpaid amount of the liability shall be chargeable to tax under the head
“Income from Property” in the first tax year following the end of the three years.
 Where an unpaid liability is chargeable to tax as a result of the application of sub-section (3) and the
person subsequently pays the liability or a part of the liability, the person shall be allowed a deduction
for the amount paid in the tax year in which the payment is made.
 Any expenditure allowed to a person under this section as a deduction shall not be allowed as a
deduction in computing the income of the person chargeable to tax under any other head of income.
 for BAHRIA UNIVERSITY – BS Accounting & Finance students

from, the Desk of

SAJJAD
 
 
…

o TAX Rate for COMPANY’s Income form Property is 31%.

o Withholding Tax rate by the tenant of the Company is 15%.
 for BAHRIA UNIVERSITY – BS Accounting & Finance students

from, the Desk of

SAJJAD
 
 

Non-adjustable amounts received in relation to buildings. Where the owner of a

building receives from a tenant an amount which is not adjustable against the rent payable by the
tenant, the amount shall be treated as rent chargeable to tax under the head “Income from Property”
in the tax year in which it was received and the following nine tax years in equal proportion.

 Where an amount referred above is refunded by the owner to the tenant on termination of the
tenancy before the expiry of ten years, no portion of the amount shall be allocated to the tax year in
which it is refunded or to any subsequent tax year except as provided for in next para.
 Where the circumstances specified in above para occur and the owner lets out the building or part
thereof to another person and receives from the succeeding tenant any amount which is not
adjustable against the rent payable by the succeeding tenant, the succeeding amount as reduced by
such portion of the earlier amount as was charged to tax shall be treated as rent chargeable to tax
under the head “Income from Property” as specified in the ordinance.
 for BAHRIA UNIVERSITY – BS Accounting & Finance students

from, the Desk of

SAJJAD
 
 

1st. Rent received or receivable by the owner of land or building is chargeable to under ‘Income from Property’.
2nd. Rent means any amount received or receivable by the owner of land or a building, and also includes any
forfeited deposit for the sale of land or a building and non-adjustable amount in connection with building.
3rd. Advance rent is not chargeable in the year of receipt but rather in the year in which it is earned.
4th. In case rent received/receivable is less than FMV, the fair market rent is to be charged to tax.
5th. Any rent received or receivable in respect of the lease of a building with plant and machinery is
chargeable to tax under Income from Other Sources.
6th. Any amount included in rent of the provision of amenities, utilities or any other service connected with
the renting of the building is chargeable to tax under Income from Other Sources.
7th. Taxpayer, being individual or AOP, Income from Property of which does not exceed Rs.200,000 in a
tax year and who does not derive income under any other head pays no tax on property income.
8th. Rent from agricultural land or building is exempt from tax.
9th. Non-adjustable amount received in connection with building is charged to tax over a period of ten year
in equal installment.

1. SHAYAN had a property in Clifton which he let out on rent and had following details available in
that respect for Tax purposes ?
Monthly rental value 32,000
Property rented for 10 months during the year.
Advance rent received (adjustable) was 200,000
Repairs & Maintenance Cost of the property 70,000
Litigation Charges for the case for Property title 48,000
Ali also took an amount on account of Collection Charges 18,000
Mark‐up aid on Financing of this Rented property 142,000
What would be Shayan’s Tax liability for the above Income on Property ?

Ali has a house located in Clifton, which he rented out at a monthly rental of 16,000. Ali also gets a
Advance Pugree (non-adjustable) of 200,000. Compute Ali’s Tax liability of Income from Property ?

3. Mr. Ashraf rented out his property at a monthly rental of 12,000. He had No other source of income.
Compute his Tax liability of Income from Property ?
 for BAHRIA UNIVERSITY – BS Accounting & Finance students

from, the Desk of

SAJJAD
 
 
4. SAAD had following details available in respect of his property which he let out.
 Monthly rental value 22,000
 Property rented for 10 months during the year.
 Advance rent received (adjustable) was 132,000
How much does Saad needs to pay as Tax for the year on his income from property ?

5. SALMAN had a property in Lahore & he himself lives in Karachi, while earning rent from the
property. He gave that property on rent to his cousin at a reduced rate with an intension that his
cousin also looked after the property. Details extracted from his rental agreement were as follows;
 Monthly rental value 36,000
 Property remained vacant for 1 months.
 Market value of rent for the same property was 45,000
 He also had a discontinued agreement against which he forfeited advance taken by him Rs.65,000.
How much does Salman need to pay as Tax for the year on his income from property ?

6. Mr. Shoaib had a property in Karachi, earning a monthly rent of 40,000. The Tenant defaulted for
2months, hence for remaining 3 months Mr. Shoaib gave the property on rent to another Tenant at
a monthly rental value of 38,000. Mr.Shoaib could not recover the rent of the 2 months defaulted
by first tenant. From the second Tenant the arrangement also included payment of utilities by
Mr.Shoaib which was recognized as 20% of rent.
He also had an Agricultural Land which he gave to a Farmer on rental arrangement of
Rs.200,000 per crop. For the year, the farmer could reap 2 crops from the available agricultural
land. How much does Mr.Shoaib need to pay as Tax for the year on his income from property ?

7. SAS Limited had a property which they rented out at a monthly rental value of 200,000 per month.
The property remained vacant for a month. While the Tenant gave advance rent for the next year’s
first 3 months as he was leaving country. Compute Tax liability of Income from Property ?

Q . 8 ( Income from Property ) –

Shayan Limited had a property in Clifton which he let out to his employee Mr. Saad on rent and
had following details available in that respect for Tax purposes ?
 Monthly rental value 62,000 per month
 Similar property rented in same building at fair market value. 75,000 per month
 Advance rent received (adjustable) was 620,000
 Mark-up paid on Financing of this Rented property 122,000
 Repairs & Maintenance Cost of the property 168,800
 Litigation Charges for the case for Property title 120,000
 Payments on account of Collection Charges 25,000
 Property Tax paid on the premises 28,000
 for BAHRIA UNIVERSITY – BS Accounting & Finance students

from, the Desk of

SAJJAD
 
 
Shayan Limited also had an income from business of Rs.200,000. Salman a buyer made an
agreement with Shayan Limited for purchase of property & made token money of Rs.60,000 but
later he did not execute that transaction and agreement between him & Shayan Limited was
breached.
What would be Shayan Limited Tax liability for the above information ?

Q . 9 ( Multi‐income Taxation ) – (3 Marks)

Mr. Waqar Khan has following incomes form different sources.
Taxable Salary 1,986,100
Net taxable income from Property 395,300
Income from Visiting faculty payment 220, 600
Zakat paid to recognized institution 100,000
Donation paid for marriage of his Driver’s daughter 72,500
Tax deducted by University on his payments 22,060
Tax deducted by the Employer on Salary 262,500
Calculate Mr. Waqar Khan’s tax charge and payable/refundable for the year ?
 for BAHRIA UNIVERSITY – BS Accounting & Finance students

from, the Desk of

SAJJAD
 
 

INCOME from CAPITAL GAINS – Income Taxation

Capital gains.— is a gain arising on the disposal of a capital asset by a person in a tax year, other than
a gain that is exempt from tax under this Ordinance, shall be chargeable to tax in that year under the
head “Capital Gains”.
Capital gain arising on the disposal of immovable property by a person in a tax year, shall be
chargeable to tax in that year under the head Capital Gains at the rates specified in Division VIII of
Part I of the First Schedule.]

Capital Gain arising on the disposal of a capital asset by a person shall be computed in accordance with
the following formula, A – B, where —

A is the consideration received by the person on disposal of the asset; and

B is the cost of the asset.
where a capital asset has been held by a person for more than one year,(Other than shares of public
companies including the vouchers of Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation, modaraba certificates
or any instrument of redeemable capital as defined in the Companies Ordinance, 1984 (XLVII of
1984), the amount of any gain arising on disposal of the asset shall be computed in accordance with the
following formula, : —
A x ¾; where A is the amount of the gain determined, as Capital Gains – as per above calculation.

 Where the capital asset becomes the property of the person —-

a. under a gift, bequest or will;
b. by succession, inheritance or devolution;
c. a distribution of assets on dissolution of an association of persons; or
d. on distribution of assets on liquidation of a company,

the fair market value of the asset, on the date of its transfer or acquisition by the person shall be
treated to be the cost of the asset.

 Capital Asset” means property of any kind held by a person, whether or not connected with a business,
but does not include
‐ any stock-in-trade, consumable stores or raw materials held for the purpose of business;]
‐ any property with respect to which the person is entitled to a depreciation deduction under section
22 or amortisation deduction under section 24; or
‐ any movable property excluding capital assets specified in section 38 (5) held for personal use by
the person or any member of the person’s family dependent on the person

— The capital gain arising on or after the

first day of July 2010, from disposal of securities, other than a gain that is exempt from tax under this
Ordinance], shall be chargeable to tax at the rates specified in Division VII of Part I of the First
Schedule. this section shall not apply to a banking company and an insurance company.
 for BAHRIA UNIVERSITY – BS Accounting & Finance students

from, the Desk of

SAJJAD
 
 
 The gain arising on the disposal of a security by a person shall be computed in accordance with the
following formula : — A – B, Where —

‘A’ is the consideration received by the person on disposal of the security; and

‘B’ is the cost of acquisition of the security.]

 The holding period of a security, for the purposes of this section, shall be reckoned from the date of
acquisition (whether before, on or after the thirtieth day of June, 2010) to the date of disposal of such
security falling after the thirtieth day of June, 2010.
 For the purposes of this section “security” means share of a public company, voucher of Pakistan
Telecommunication Corporation, Modaraba Certificate, an instrument of redeemable capital,debt
Securities] and derivative products.
 Deduction of losses in computing the amount chargeable under the head “Capital Gains”.—
In computing the amount of a person chargeable to tax under the head “Capital Gains” for a tax year,
a deduction shall be allowed for any loss on the disposal of a capital asset by the person in the year.
 No loss shall be deducted under this section on the disposal of a capital asset where a gain on the
disposal of such asset would not be chargeable to tax. Further, No loss shall be recognized under this
Ordinance on the disposal of the following capital assets, :—
o A painting, sculpture, drawing or other work of art;
o jewellery;
o a rare manuscript, folio or book;
o a postage stamp or first day cover;
o a coin or medallion; or
o an antique.

 
 for BAHRIA UNIVERSITY – BS Accounting & Finance students

from, the Desk of

SAJJAD
 
 
TAXATION for CAPITAL GAINS on DISPOSAL of SECURITIES
 

S.No Period Tax Tax Year Tax Year 2017

Year 2016 Filer Non-
2015 Filer
1. Where holding period of a security is less than twelve 12.5% 15% 15% 18%
months
2. Where holding period of a security is twelve months 10% 12.5% 12.5% 16%
or more but less than twenty-four months
3. Where holding period of a security is twenty-four 0% 7.5% 7.5% 11%
months or more but the security was acquired on or
after 1st July, 2012
4. Where the security was acquired before 1st July, 2012 0% 0% 0% 0%
5. Future commodity contracts entered into by the 0% 0% 5% 5%”]
members of Pakistan Mercantile Exchange

Capital Gains on disposal of Immovable Property

For immovable property allotted to persons mentioned in sub-section (4) of section 236C.
1. Immovable property is held irrespective of the holding period. 0%
For immovable property acquired on or after July 1, 2016, other than those mentioned against S. No. 1
2. Where holding period of immovable property is up to one year. 10%
3. Where holding period of immovable property is more than or equal to one year 7.5%
but less than two years.
4. Where holding period of immovable property is more than or equal to two years 5%
but less than three years.
5. Where holding period of immovable property is more than three years. 0%
For immovable property acquired before July 1, 2016, other than those mentioned against S. No. 1
6. Where holding period of immovable property is up to three years. 5%
7.  
Where holding period of immovable property is more than three years: 0%”]
 

 Provided that gain arising on the disposal of immovable property by a person in a tax year
to a Rental REIT Scheme shall be taxed at the rate of five percent upto thirtieth day of June,
2019, irrespective of the holding period.
 

 Provided that rate of tax to be paid under sub-section (1A) of section 37 shall be reduced by
fifty per cent on the first sale of immovable property acquired or allotted to ex-servicemen
and serving personnel of Armed Forces or ex-employees or serving personnel of Federal and
Provincial Governments, being original allottees of the immovable property, duly certified
by the allotment authority