QUESTION BANK

Degree/Branch/Semester B.E.:Mechanical Engineering

Sub.Code/Name PH8251 / MATERIAL SCIENCE

I CIA
II CIA

UNIT-I

PART-A

1. What do you mean by solid solution? How are they classified? (M)
2. What are interstitial solid solution? Give example. (M)
3. What are substitutional solid solution? Give example. (M)
4. State Hume-Rothery Rules. (M)
5. What are phase diagrams? Gives its uses. (E)
6. What do you mean by liquidus in phase diagram? (M)
7. Define eutectic temperature, eutectic composition. (M)
8. What are invariant reactions? (M)
9. What do you mean by eutectoid temperature and composition? (M)
10. Give any 4 applications of isomorphous systems (E)

PART-B
1. What are solid solutions? How are they classified? Explain each in detail. (M)
2. State and explain Hume-Rothery rules of forming solid solutions. (M)
3. Explain unary phase diagram of iron and explain different phases formed with increase in
temperature. (M)
4. What are eutectoid and peritectoid phase diagrams? Explain with example different phases formed
with composition and temperature. (T)
5. Explain free energy composition curves for binary systems. (M)
6. State and explain Lever Rule. (M)
7. How microstructure of material changes during phase transformations? Explain with illustration.
(M)

UNIT-2
PART-A
1. Define steel. How it is formed? (E)
2. Explain eutectoid reaction that occurs in iron-iron carbide phase diagram. (M)
3. Explain peritectoid reaction that occurs in iron-iron carbide phase diagram. (M)
4. What are hypoeutectoid and hypereutectoid steels? (M)
5. How are alloying elements of steel is classified? Give example for each. (M)
6. What do you mean by nucleation during phase formation? (M)
7. What do you mean by pearlitic transformation? (M)
8. What do you mean by martensitic transformation? (M)
9. Give the properties of martensitic materials. (M)
10. What is meant by phase transformation? (M)
11. What is stainless steel? Why are these steels stainless? (M)
12. What are cast irons? (M)
13. What do you mean by white cast iron? Give its properties. (M)

PART-B
1. Explain iron-iron carbide phase diagram and explain different phases formed with respect to change
in composition and temperature. (M)
2. Explain microstructural changes that takes place in Fe – Fe3C system during cooling. (M)
3. Explain hypoeutectoid and hypereutectoid steels. (M)
4. How alloying elements help in stabilizing phases? Explain with examples. (M)
5. State and explain Ficks first and second law of diffusion. (M)
6. Explain kinetics of phase formation using TTT diagram. (M)
7. Explain TTT diagram of steel. (M)
8. What do you mean by martensitic transformation? Explain the conditions. (M)
9. Explain bainitic transformation with conditions. (M)
10. Explain different grades and composition of stainless steel with example. Discuss their
applications. (M)
11. What are cast irons? How are they formed? Discuss about their microstructure. (M)

Unit-3
Part-A
1. What is tensile test? Mention its uses. (M)
2. Define plastic deformation. (E)
3. Name the mechanics of plastic deformation in metals. (E)
4. Differences between slip and twinning. (M)
5. What important information is obtained from the percent elongation? (T)
6. Define the terms proportional limit and elastic limit. (M)
7. What is meant by resilience and toughness? (T)
8. Why are aluminium and its alloys more ductile than magnetism and its alloys? (T)
9. Define percent cold work. (T)
10. What is meant by dislocation and strain hardening? (T)
11. Write Hall-Petch equation. (M)
12. Define Poisson’s ratio. (E)
13. What is creep and creep resistance? (M)
14. Why precipitation hardening is called age hardening? (T)
15. Name few mechanisms whereby creep deformation occurs. (M)
16. Suggest few methods to improve the creep resistance in alloys. (M)
17. Distinguish between ductile and brittle fracture. (M)
18. Write Griffith equation for crack propagation. (M)
19. Define the terms fatigue and fracture. (M)
20. List the steps of fatique failure in metals. (M)
21. Define critical stress intensity factor. (M)
22. What is meant by fracture toughness? (T)
23. Where do fatique failures originate on a metal section? (T)
24. Define endurance limit in fatique test. (M)
25. Define the terms hardness, hardness test and micro hardness test? (M)
26. What is fatique test in S-N curve?
27. What is Brinell number? (M)
28. List out the types of hardness test. (M)
29. Draw stress strain curve. (E)
30. A piece of copper originally 305mm way is pulled in tension with a stress of 2.76MPa. If the
deformation is entirely elastic, what will be the resultant elongation? Given young’s modulus E =
110GPa. (T)
31. Compute the strain hardening exponent for an alloy in which a true stress of 415MPa produces a
true strain of 0.10; assume a value of 1035MPa for K. (T)
32. A relatively large plate of a glass is subjected to a tensile stress of 40MPa. If the specific surface
energy and modulus of elasticity of this glass are 0.33/m 2 and 69GPa respectively, determine the
maximum length of a surface flaw that is possible without fracture. (T)
33. A sample of glass has a crack of half length 2µm. The Young’s modulus of the glass is 70GN/m 2
and the specific surface energy is 1J/m2. Estimate its fracture strength and compare it with its
young’s modulus. (T)

Part-B
1. Explain Griffith’s theory of fracture and derive Griffith’s equation to determine the stress required
to propagate the crack. (M)
2. What is creep? Draw a typical creep curve and explain the different stages of creep. (M)
3. Explain the mechanisms of plastic deformation mechanisms of metals by slip and twinning. (T)
4. Explain the different types of fractures in metals. (M)
5. a) Write a short note on creep resistant materials. (M)
b) Give construction and working of fatique test. (M)
6. Explain the testing procedure for Brinell hardness test and give the advantages and limitations for
this test. (T)
7. Explain the testing procedure for micro hardness test and mention the advantages and limitations.
(T)
8. Explain the testing procedure for Rockwell hardness test and list the advantages and limitations. (T)
9. Explain the testing procedure for Knoop micro hardness test and mention the advantages and
limitations. (T)
10. Discuss the two heat treatment methods by which precipitation hardening is accomplished. (M)
11. Explain Nabarro-Herring and Coble creep in detail. (T)

UNIT-4 MAGNETIC DIELECTRIC AND SUPERCONDUCTING MATERIALS

Part-A
1. Write few properties of ferro magnetic materials. (E)
2. What is meant by domain and domain wall? (M)
3. What is Curie temperature? (E)
4. Mention the properties of hard and soft magnetic materials. (M)
5. What is isotope effect in superconductivity? (E)
6. What is meant by hysteresis loop and what do you infer from it? (M)
7. Difference between soft and hard magnetic materials. (M)
8. Define retentivity and coercivity. (E)
9. Mention the energies involved in domains of ferromagnetic materials. (M)
10. Why are ferrites advantageous for use as transformer cores? (M)
11. What are ferrites? And mention its applications. (M)
12. Define Transition temperature. (E)
13. Define Super conductivity. (E)
14. Distinguish between Type-I and Type-II superconductor. (T)
15. What is Meissner Effect? (E)
16. Define Isotope effect. (E)
17. Define - electric polarization. (E)
18. Define - electronic polarization. (E)
19. What are the differences between polar and non polar molecules? (M)
20. Define - local field. (E)
21. What is meant by dielectric loss and loss tangent? (M)
22. What is meant by dielectric breakdown and dielectric strength? (M)
23. Write a note on electrochemical breakdown in dielectric. (M)
24. What are dielectric materials? Give their properties. (M)
25. Define dielectric constant. (E)
26. Define polarization vector and electric displacement vector. (M)
27. Define Ionic polarization. (E)
28. Define Space charge polarization. (E)
29. Define orientation polarization. (E)
30. Compare the electronic and orientation polarization. (T)

Part-B
1. Describe the structure, preparation and application of Ferrites. (M)
a) What is ferromagnetism?
b) Explain the reason for the formation of domain structure in ferromagnetic material and how the
hysteresis curve is explained on the basis of the domain theory? (E)
2. a)What is ferromagnetic domain?
b) Draw B-H curve for a ferromagnetic material and identify retentivity and coercive fields on the
curve.
c) Distinguish between hard and soft magnetic materials. (M)
3. Explain the superconducting phenomena. What are its properties? What are its
applications? (E)
4. Write an essay on superconducting materials and its applications. (E)
5. a)Explain Meissner effect. Explain the effect of Isotopes on superconductors.
b)Calculate the dielectric constant of a material which when inserted in a parallel condense of
dimensions 10 mm*10 mm and distance of separation of 2 mm gives a capacitance of 10-9 F. (T)
6. Discuss in detail the various dielectric breakdown mechanisms. (E)

UNIT-4 MAGNETIC DIELECTRIC AND SUPERCONDUCTING MATERIALS

Part-A

1. What is meant by electric susceptibility? (M)

2. Define Dipole moment. (E)
3. What is Polar and non polar molecules? (M)
4. What is meant by permanent dipole moment? (M)
5. What are ferroelectric materials? (M)
6. What are the important characteristics of ferroelectric materials? (M)
7. What are dielectric loss and dielectric breakdown? (M)
8. Define Electric flux density (E)
9. Distinguish Lorentz force and Coulomb force in dielectrics. (T)
10. What is meant by piezo electricity and pyro electricity? (M)
11. Mention any two active and passive dielectrics. (E)
12. What are requirements of good insulating materials? (M)
13. Calculate the electronic polarizability of Xenon. The radius of Xenon atom is 0.158 nm. (M)
14. The number of atoms in hydrogen gas is 9.8*1020 atoms/cc. The radius of hydrogen atom is 0.053
nm. Calculate its electronic polarizability and relative permittivity. (T)
15. The dielectric constant of He gas at NTP is 1.0000684. Calculate the electronic polarisability of He
atoms if the gas contains 2.7*1025 atoms/m3. (M)
16. Calculate the polarization produced in a dielectric medium of dielectric constant 6 when it
17. is subjected to an electric field of 100 V/m. (Given ∈0 =8.85*10-12 Fm-1) (T)
18. Calculate the dielectric constant of a material which when inserted in a parallel condenser
19. of dimensions 10 mm*10 mm and distance of separation of 2 mm gives a capacitance of
20. 10-9 F. (T)
21. A magnetic field of 2000A/m is applied to a material which has a susceptibility of
22. 1000. Calculate the intensity of magnetization and flux density. (T)
23. Superconducting tin has a critical temperature of 3.7 K at zero magnetic field and a critical field of
24. 0.0306 tesla at 0K. Find the critical field at 2K. (T)
25. The superconducting transition temperature of lead is 7.26K.The initial field at 0 K is 64 * 103 A/m.
26. Calculate the critical field at 5K. (M)

Part-B
1. a)Explain frequency dependence of polarization.
b)Explain ferroelectric materials. Give its applications. (M)
2. a)Derive expressions for electronic and ionic polarizability
b)Calculate the polarization produced in a dielectric medium of dielectric constant 3 when it
is subjected to an electric field of 50 V/m. (Given ∈0 =8.85*10-12 Fm-1) (T)
3. What is meant by polarization in dielectric? Arrive at the relation between the dielectric
constant and atomic polarizability. (M)
4. Explain the different types of polarization mechanisms in dielectric materials. Derive an
expression for total polarization (E)
5. What is dielectric breakdown? Write in detail about the various factors contributing to
breakdown in dielectrics. (E)
6. What is ferroelectricity? Explain the hysteresis curve exhibited by a ferroelectric material
with a suitable sketch. Give examples for ferroelectric materials. (M)

UNIT V NEW MATERIALS

Part A
1. Define metallic glasses along with its types. (E)
2. Define glass transition temperature. (E)
3. Mention four applications of metallic glasses. (E)
4. What are shape memory alloy. (E)
5. Write a short note on Transformation temperature in SMA. (M)
6. Differentiate martensite and Austenite. (T)
7. Write any four applications of SMA. (E)
8. Mention few advantages and disadvantages of SMA. (M)
9. Define Nanotechnology & Nanomaterials? (E)
10. Write a short note on Chemical vapour deposition (M)
11. What are top-down and bottom-up approach? (M)
12. Write a short note on Sol-Gel method (M)
13. Write a short note on advanced ceramics (T)
14. Mention any four applications of nano materials. (E)
15. What are the properties of Ni-Ti alloy? (M)
16. Mention any four properties of metglasses. (E)
17. What is meant by shape memory effect? (M)
18. Mention any four methods of synthesizing nano materials. (M)
19. Define pseudo elasticity. (E)
20. What do you understand by the term ‘reinforcement’? (T)
21. What are ceramics? (E)
22. Classify ceramic materials. (M)
23. What are composites? (M)
24. Define – reinforcement (E)
25. What is meant by polymer matrix composite? (T)
26. What is the role of matrix? (M)
27. What is ‘Quenching’? (E)
28. What are carbon nanotubes? (E)
29. What are the properties of carbon nanotubes? (M)
30. What are the applications of carbon nanotubes? (E)

PART B

1. What are metallic glasses? Explain how they are prepared. (E)
2. a) What is meant by SMA? Explain how SMA is processed.
b) Explain how SMA technology is used in engineering field. (M)
3. a) Write a short note on Metallic glasses.
b) Briefly explain the melt spinning method of fabrication of metallic glasses.
c) Mention two Structural, Mechanical, Electrical & Magnetic properties of
metallic glasses. (T)
4. Explain any two method of synthesis and properties of nanomatetrials. (E)

5. (i) What are metallic glasses? Explain how are they classified?
(ii) Describe their properties and applications. (M)
6. (i) What are nano-phase materials?
(ii) Describe Chemical vapour deposition method.
(iii) Discuss the applications of nano materials in various fields. (T)
7. What are ceramics? Explain how they are classified. (E)
8. List out the role of composites. Explain the different types of composites in detail. (M)
9. What are carbon nanotubes? Describe their properties and applications. (E)
10. Draw the structure of a CNT. Explain how they are prepared. (M)
11. Explain the role of matrix and reinforcement. (T)