*Ohm’ Law Light Emitting Diode (LED)

Voltage = Volts (V) Is also considered as a Diode

Current = Ampere (amp) *Transistors

Resistance = Ohm (Ω) A transistor is a semiconductor device

used to amplify or switch electronic signals and
FormS: electrical power
V=IXR Has three terminals (legs) which is the
Base, Collector, Emitter (arranged in order)
I = V/R

R = V/I *Integrated Circuits (ICs)

It can process data, Every model of it

has different Functions, it has lots of
*Power
Transistors inside it, which stores data in 0s and
P=IXV 1s

P = V2/R

P = I2X R

*Resistors

Most common Component that resist

the flow of curremt

Its resistance is calculated using its

bands that is measured in ohm

*Capacitors

Stores Electric Charges then pulses it to

result in higher current

*Diode

Components that are used for a specific reason

Has two legs which is the anode(+, long leg) or

the cathode (-, Shorter Leg)
*Electricity *Closed Circuits

Electric Charge can be broken to 3 parts Has countinous flow of electrons

Voltage

Current

Resistance

Elecctrons

 Smallest amount of electric Charge Open Circuit

 Orbits around Atoms
A circuit that has Resistance 10000
 Charge of -1.602 x 10-19
 Mass of 9.109 x 10-31 kg Because they are not even touching each other
DUHH!!!
Protons

 Largest Amount of Electric Charge

 Located in the nucleus of atoms
 Have a charge of 1.602 x 10-19
 Mass of 1.609 x 10-27 kg

All Materials fall into three categories

*DC (Direct Current)
 Conductors – A substance where
electrons move freely and easily Has fixed polarity such as battery and
 Insulators – A substance where other things that generate electricity directly
electrons cannot flow easily
 Semi-Conductors- not a Conductor nor
Insulator *AC (Alternating Current)

*Charge Alternates or reverses polarity

according to the plug
Symbol is Q for Quantity
Used in Modern houses (Where u plug
Practical Unit is C (Columb) your phones)

*Impedance (Z)
*Ampere (Again) Measured in Ohms
Electron flow is from – to +

Conventional flow is from + to –

*Electricity Movement in Atoms *Electric Charge

Bohr model Protons = + (Positive)

No of electrons in orbit = 2(n)2 Electrons = - (negative)

N= orbit No. Same charges repel each other while opposites

attract
Valence Orbit is the last orbit
Measured in Amperes
You can find the Valence electrons using the
formula above until it reaches the atomic Protons have a charge of +1.602 x 10-19
number in a periodic table
Electrons have a charge of -1.602 x 10-19
Conductors has 1 – 3 Valence Electrons

Insulators has 5-8 Valence Electrons

1 columb = 6.25 x 1018
Semi - Conductors has 4 Valence Electrons

Polarity

Remember that protons are positive

while Electrons are Negative

6.25 x 1019 is a constant

𝒏𝒐 𝒐𝒇 𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒓𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝒐𝒓 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝒂𝒅𝒅𝒆𝒅

Q=
𝟔.𝟐𝟓 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟖