TOPIC – SMART STREET LIGHT

SENSOR USING LDR

Submitted to:- Submitted by:-

N.P. Gupta Sir • Kunal Sehgal
• Mukesh Tiwari
• Krishnkant Sahu
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to
my teacher N.P GUPTA as well as our chairman sir
PRAVEEN THAKRAL who gave me the golden
opportunity to do this wonderful project on the topic
SMART STREET LIGHT SENSOR USING LDR , which
also helped me in doing a lot of Research and i came to
know about so many new things I am really thankful to
them.Secondly i would also like to thank my parents and
friends who helped me a lot in finalizing this project within
the limited time frame.
INDEX
 INTRODUCTION
 BASIC PRINCIPLE
 BLOCK DIAGRAM
 COMPONENTS REQUIRED
 COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 WORKING
 ADVANTAGES
 CONCLUSION
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION
A LDR is a device which detects the presence of
VEHICLE within an area, usually as part of a safety
system. This type of equipment is used to detect vehicle
and interface with a control system so a process can be
automatically ON and OFF of streetlight. A LDR can also
detect object present across there in the area where the
prevention of accident, also giving them the opportunity to
saveage of eletricity.
BASIC PRINCIPLE
This circuit uses a popular OP AMP. I.C LM 358. I.C
LM358 is connected as comparator with pin-8
connected with positive rail, the output goes high(1) when
the trigger pin 3 is at lower then voltage level at pin no 2.
Conversely the output goes low (0) when it is above pin no
2 level.So small change in the voltage of pin-2 is
enough to change the level of output (pin-1) from 1 to 0
and 0 to 1. The output has only two states high and low
and can not remain in any intermediate stage. It is
powered by a 12V power supply. The circuit is economic
in power consumption.Pin 4 is ground and pin 8 is
connected to the positive supply and pin 1 is grounded.
BLOCK DIAGRAM

LDR RESISTER LED

BATTERY
COMPONENTS REQUIRED
 LDR
 PIR SENSOR
 DS1307 IC
 L.E.D
 Variable Resistance
 P.C.B (Printed Circuit Board)
 Driving Relay
COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION

 L.E.D :- A diode is a component that only allows

electricity to flow one way. It can be thought as a sort of
one way street for electrons. Because of this
characteristic, dioded are used to transform or rectify
AC voltage into a DC voltage. Diodes have two
connections, an anode and a cathode. The cathode is
the end on the schematic with the point of the triangle
pointing towards a line. In other words, the triangle
points toward that cathode. The anode is, of course,
the opposite end. Current flows from the anode to the
cathode. Light emitting diodes, or LEDs, differ from
regular diodes in that when a voltage is applied, they
emit light. LEDs are used as indicators, transmitters,
etc. Most likely, a LED will never burn out like a regular
lamp will and requires many times less current.
 Variable Resistance :- (Potentiometer) Resistors are
one of the most common electronic components. A
resistor is a device that limits, or resists current. The
current limiting ability or resistance is measured in
ohms, represented by the Greek symbol Omega.

 P.C.B :- (Printed Circuit Board) with the help of P.C.B it

is easy to assemble circuit with neat and clean end
products. P.C.B is made of bakelite with surface pasted
with copper track-layout. For each components leg,
hole is made. Connection pin is passed through the
hole and is soldered.
 Driving Relay :- Using the outputs of the lm358
decoder ICs to drive relays is quite simple. Here are
schematics showing how to drive relays directly from
the data-output pins of the decoder.Another option for
driving relays would be to use a high-voltage, high-
current, transistor bc547 can directly interface to the
data outputs of the IC lm 358, and provides much
higher drive-current. When base signal is high then
relay is ON when low then relay turn OFF.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
WORKING
 When gas across the mq-6 then its voltage is increases
which results in increase of the voltage at pin 3 of the IC 358.
IC 358has got comparator inbuilt, which compares between
the input voltage from pin2 and 3rd of the power(via pot
resistance) supply voltage. When input falls below 1/3rd then
output is set high otherwise it is set low. Since in brightness,
input voltage rises so we obtain no positive voltage at output
of pin 1 to drive relay or LED, besides in poor light condition
we get output to energize.
 The out put of relay connected with any machine which is
operated gate or door automatically when relay ON /OFF.
 Relay connected to pin no.1 of lm358 ic via bc547 transistor
ADVANTAGES
 Home Application
 Street
 Highways
 Restaurants
CONCLUSION

So, we sum up our presentation by seeking out the

positive effect of this system by implementing it in
houses, restaurants,streets,roads and other places
by making it hazard free
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 ELECTRONICS PROJECTS VOL 8 (THIRD EDITION)
 ELECTRONICS FOR YOU
 PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS DESIGN AND
TECHNOLOGY (WALTER C. BOSSHART)
 www.electronics.com
 www.electronicforyou.com
 www.electronicprojets.com