Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
1 Enzymes 2
2 Blood Biochemistry 4
3 Respiratory Biochemistry 6
7 Molecular Biology 12
8 Cell Signaling 14
9 Acid-Base Balance 16
13 Biomolecules 23
1
EDMM Biochemistry
( 1/2019 ) Batch
Enzymes
UM-1
1. Define Enzyme and coenzyme and state their chemical natures. ( 5 mks )
2. What are the mechanisms that regulate the activity of the rate limiting enzyme of
a biosynthesis pathway. ( 10 mks )
UM-2
2. Discuss how enzymes can be used as focus of pharmaceutical agents with five
examples. ( 10 mks )
3. What are the ways to regulate the activity of rate limiting enzymes? ( 5 mks )
UMM
2. Describe the salient features of various types of enzyme inhibitors and their
effects on enzyme kinetics. ( 10mks )
4. A 40-yr-old executive felt chest pain while he was playing tennis. He felt the pain
increasing gradually and was feeling difficulty in breathing. The doctor suspected
him as a case of myocardial infarction. Which serum enzyme assays should be
done to confirm the diagnosis? Describe the clinical significance. ( 10 mks )
UMMG
2
EDMM Biochemistry
UMTG
1. List the factors that decrease the velocity of enzyme catalyzed reaction. ( 4mks )
3
EDMM Biochemistry
Blood Biochemistry
UM – 1
1. State the principle of Benedict’s test and describe its clinical application. ( 5 mks
)
2. A 12-yr-old boy was referred by his family physician for Jaundice and recurrent
acute bone pain. Blood film revealed normocytes and some sickle cells.
4. Describe the role of Tissue type Plasminogen Activator in dissolving fibrin clot. (
5mks )
UM- 2
c. What are the possible causes for development of Jaundice in this child ?
4
EDMM Biochemistry
UMM
UMMG
2. State the factors that cause changes in plasma protein concentrations. ( 7 mks )
UMTG
5
EDMM Biochemistry
Respiratory Biochemistry
UM -1
2. Explain how the Oxygen delivery form Hb to the exercising muscle is increased.
( 11mks )
UM- 2
UMM
UMMG
1. Why does fetal Hemoglobin ( HbF ) have increased Oxygen affinity than maternal
hemoglobin( Hb A ) ? ( 5mks )
2. Draw the Oxygen-Hb dissociation curve and explain why it shifts to the right
during exercise. ( 10 mks )
6
EDMM Biochemistry
UMTG
7
EDMM Biochemistry
UM - 1
a. Beri Beri
b. Megaloblastic Anaemia
c. Nyctalopia ( 15mks )
2. Describe the role of tocopherol and ascorboic acid in removal of free radical . (
7.5 mks )
UM – 2
3. Discuss how dietary iron is distributed and utilized in different tissues. ( 7mks )
UMM
3. What is the possible link between intake of polished rice and sudden cardiac
failure? ( 7mks )
4. A child from a very poor socio economic background has reported with spongy
and swollen gum and bleeding after tooth brushing. Explain the biochemical
basis of this condition. ( 8mks )
UMMG
8
EDMM Biochemistry
UMMTG
1. A 4-yr old boy was brought for consultation for hematuria, edema of lower
extremities as well as swollen right leg. He was the 12th born in a poor family,
where one previous child died from malnutrition and dehydration in the period of
infancy. The child was fed only with cow’s milk and biscuits.
From the period of five mnths, the boy manifested irritability, sweating, poor
appetite and cried when somebody touched him.
At admission the baby was afebrile, pale and malnourishe ; his hair was dry and
cracked. Clinical evaluation showed no organomegaly, no neurological signs,
gingival bleeding was there and only one tooth was present.
a. What is the probable diagnosis for this child and define this defect? (
5mks )
2. Name the enzyme and coenzyme/cofactor for each of the following reactions
and write down complete equation. ( 15 mks )
9
EDMM Biochemistry
UM – 1
2. List the anthropometric measures to assess obesity. Give the nutritional status
of you after calculating the BMI from your height and weight. ( 5mks )
UM – 2
1. The following table shows dietary record of 19 yr old , female, 2nd MBBS student
on last Sunday. Calculate her calorie intake and proportion of carbohydrate, fat
and protein in the diet. Does she have adequate diet? Recommend how adequate
diet should be planned. ( 15mks )
( Ohn-no-kauk-swey )
( Laphet Thoke )
10
EDMM Biochemistry
soup
UMM
UMMG
1. How will you plan a balanced diet to maintain well-being of an individual ? ( 5mks
)
11
EDMM Biochemistry
UM – 1
1. Explain why mitochondria is referred to as the power house of the cell. ( 15mks )
UM – 2
2. Explain the mechanism how electron flow in ETC is linked to ATP synthesis. (
8mks )
UMM
1. What are the energy rich compounds ? Describe the role of ATP synthase
complex in synthesis of ATP. ( 8mks )
UMMG
UMTG
12
EDMM Biochemistry
13
EDMM Biochemistry
Molecular Biology
UM – 1
1. How does a cell system respond when it sense an error in DNA replication ? And
explain how the error is repaired. ( 6mks )
3. What is cell cycle ? What are the phases of cell cycle? ( 5mks )
4. Explain how a cell progresses in G1 phase and overcomes the restriction point to
enter the S phase. ( 5mks )
UM – 2
4. What are the conditions that would cause damage to DNA ? ( 3mks )
a. Exinuclease
b. Histone Acetyletransferase
6. Explain how Cyclin D controls the cell cycle to pass the restriction point. ( 10mks
)
UMM
14
EDMM Biochemistry
2. Describe the repair mechanism for DNA damage due to exposure to chemicals. (
8mks )
UMMG
4. State the energy requirement for formation of peptide bond during translation
process. ( 4mks )
5. Draw the functional eukaryotic gene structure and explain how it works. ( 7mks )
6. List the enzymes involved in DNA repair and discuss their roles in corresponding
mechanisms. ( 8mks )
UMTG
a. What would be the most likely cause and state the biochemical basis for
this condition? ( 3mks )
15
EDMM Biochemistry
d. How are old red cells removed from the blood ? ( 2mks )
a. Alpha amanitin
b. Streptomycin
c. Cycloheximide ( 6mks )
16
EDMM Biochemistry
Cell Signaling
UM -1
1. Explain how growth factors signal the stem cells to initiate proliferation. ( 5mks )
3. Explain the mechanism of how Vit D increases blood Calcium from dietary
calcium. ( 7mks )
4. Explain insulin synthesis in pancreas and how it is trafficked into the blood. (
8mks )
UM – 2
UMM
17
EDMM Biochemistry
UMMG
3. List the hormones derived from tyrosine. Describe the signaling mechanism of
TSH in thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion. ( 10mks )
UMTG
2. Describe mechanism of action of calcitonin and its effect on blood calcium level.
( 8mks )
18
EDMM Biochemistry
Acid-Base Balance
UM – 1
UM – 2
UMM
UMMG
2. How do you understand the anion gap ? Explain the clinical usefulness of anion
gap. ( 8mks )
UMTG
1. A 60 yr old man was brought to hospital in a very serious condition. The patient
complained of constant vomiting containing several hundred ml of dark brown
fluid from the previous two days plus several episodes of melaena. Past history
of alcoholism, cirrhosis, portal hypertension and a previous episode of bleeding
varices were there. Arterial Blood Gases revealed :
pH – 7.10
19
EDMM Biochemistry
Na – 135 mmol/L
Cl - 85 mmol /L
K - 4.2 mmol/L
Glucose – 52 mmol/L
a. Check the given data ( Arterial Blood Gases ) with reference values and
comment on it . ( 4mks )
20
EDMM Biochemistry
UM – 1
1. Describe the mechanism of iron absorption in GI tract and explain its regulation
in a case of iron overload. ( 7mks )
UM – 2
1. Discuss the digestion process of major foodstuffs in luminal phase of the small
intestine. ( 15 mks )
UMM
5. Describe the role of bile in cholesterol solubility. Explain the biochemical basis of
gall stone formation. ( 10 mks )
UMMG
3. Describe the role of bile acids in aiding the transport of lipid digestive products to
cross unstirred water layer. ( 10 mks )
UMTG
21
EDMM Biochemistry
22
EDMM Biochemistry
UM – 1
1. List the components of bile and state the functions of bile. ( 5mks )
UM – 2
UMM
1. A man aged 55yr presented with ascites and generalized odema. Liver function
tests were done to confirm the diagnosis. Lab results are
23
EDMM Biochemistry
UMMG
2. Write down the liver function tests that are based on excretory function. ( 6mks )
UMTG
24
EDMM Biochemistry
UM – 1
2. Discuss fluid shift and regulation of ECF volume in a case of bleeding due to road
traffic accident. ( 10mks )
UM – 2
Na – 128 mmol/l
K – 4.3 mmol/l
HCO3 – 26 mmol/l
Cl – 96mmol/l
d. Discuss the role of hormone that regulate Na and K balance in the body . (
7mks )
UMM
25
EDMM Biochemistry
UMMG
2. List the hormones that regulate the volume and tonicity of extracellular fluid.
Explain how these hormones regulate when ECF volume is contracted. ( 10mks )
UMTG
c. What kind of fluid therapy should the doctor give him to correct this type of
dehydration ? ( 2mks )
d. Explain what will happen to his body fluid compartments if the doctor gives
dextrose solution to that patient by using Darrow Yannet diagram. ( 3mks )
26
EDMM Biochemistry
Biomolecules
UM – 1
8. List the major glycerophospholipids and describe their role in the body. ( 4mks )
UM -2
UMM
UMMG
UMTG
27
EDMM Biochemistry
2. State the composition, location and functions of any two of GAGs. ( 6mks )
7. State the classification of amino acids based on their side chain. ( 7mks )
10. What are caveolae and lipid rafts ? State the importance of caveolae and lipid
rafts. ( 5mks )
28