Distilation and Identification of Organic Liquids

Ignas Sakuro s1977966 November 5th, 2019
Distillation and identification of unknown organic

liquids
Aim
The aim of this experiment was to obtain boiling points of unknow organic liquids using
distillation and identify the liquids by boiling point temperatures and IR spectra.
Experimental
12 cm3 of unknown organic liquids were distilled and boiling points were recorded. Fractional
distillation was performed on mixtures of organic liquids and boiling temperatures of
components were recorded.
Results
First liquid started boiling at 59 °C and steady temperature was reached at 68 °C. Second liquid
started boiling at 78 °C and steady temperature was reached at 80 °C. Third liquid started
boiling at 80 °C and steady temperature was reached at 82 °C. Fourth liquid started boiling at
80 °C and steady temperature was reached at 84 °C.
First component of first mixture started boiling at 60 °C and steady temperature was reached
at 63 °C, second component of same mixture started boiling at 70 °C and steady temperature
was reached at 76 °C. First component of second mixture started boiling at 64 °C and steady
temperature was reached at 66 °C, second component of same mixture started boiling at 70 °C
and steady temperature was reached at 78 °C. First component of third mixture started boiling
at 80 °C and steady temperature was reached at 84 °C, second component of same mixture
started boiling at 96 °C and steady temperature was reached at 98 °C.
Figure 1. IR spectrum of first liquid
Figure 2. IR spectrum of second liquid

Figure 3. IR spectrum of third liquid
Figure 4. IR spectrum of fourth liquid

Figure 5. IR spectrum of first component of first mixture
Figure 6. IR spectrum of second component of first mixture

Figure 7. IR spectrum of first component of second mixture
Figure 8. IR spectrum of second component of second mixture

Figure 9. IR spectrum of first component of third mixture
Figure 10. IR spectum of second component of third mixture

Discussion
Based on boiling point the first liquid could have been either methyl acetate, methanol or
hexane. The strong peak in liquids’ IR spectrum at 1742 cm-1 is specific for esters, therefore
compound could only be methyl acetate. Based on boiling point the second liquid could have
been either ethyl acetate, ethanol, butan-2-one or benzene. The strong peak in liquids’ IR
spectrum at 1717 cm-1 is specific for ketones, therefore compound could only be butan-2-one.
Based on boiling point the third liquid could have been either ethanol, butan-2-one, benzene or
acetonitrile. The broad peak in liquids’ IR spectrum at around 3300 cm-1 is specific for alcohols,
therefore compound could only be ethanol. Based on boiling point the fourth liquid could have
been either butan-2-one, benzene, acetonitrile or propan-2-ol, The medium peak in liquids’ IR
spectrum at around 2250 cm-1 is specific for nitriles, therefore compound could only be
acetonitrile.
Based on boiling point the first component of the first mixture could have been either
propanone or methyl acetate. The strong peak in liquids’ IR spectrum at around 1700 cm-1 is
specific for ketones, therefore compound could only be propanone. Based on boiling point the
second component of the first mixture could have been either hexane, ethyl acetate or ethanol.
The broad peak in liquids’ IR spectrum at around 3300 cm-1 is specific for alcohols, therefore
compound could only be ethanol. Based on boiling point the first component of the second
mixture could have been either hexane or methanol. The broad peak in liquids’ IR spectrum at
around 3300 cm-1 is specific for alcohols, therefore compound could only be methanol. Based
on boiling point the second component of the second mixture could have been either hexane,
ethyl acetate or ethanol. The peaks in liquids’ IR spectrum are specific for esters, therefore
compound could only be ethyl acetate. Based on boiling point the first component of the third
mixture could have been either bezene, acetonitrile or propan-2-ol. The medium peak in
liquids’ IR spectrum at around 3300 cm-1 is specific for aromatic compunds, therefore
compound could only be benzene. Based on boiling point the second component of the third
mixture could have been toluene. The peak in liquids’ IR spectrum at around 3000 cm-1 is
specific for aromatic compounds, therefore compound could only be toluene.
Conclusion
The four liquids were methyl acetate, butan-2-ol, acetonitrile and ethanol. The first
mixture was composed of propanone and ethanol, second of methanol and ethyl
acetate and third of toluene and benzene. It was important to have different
characteristics to identify compounds, because some compounds share similar
characteristics and can not be distinguished unambiguously. Having separate
characteristics helps to avoid errros which could occur do to impurities or inaccurate
measurements.

Distilation and Identification of Organic Liquids

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Ignas Sakuro s1977966 November 5th, 2019

Distillation and identification of unknown organic

Figure 1. IR spectrum of first liquid

Figure 2. IR spectrum of second liquid

Figure 3. IR spectrum of third liquid

Figure 4. IR spectrum of fourth liquid

Figure 5. IR spectrum of first component of first mixture

Figure 6. IR spectrum of second component of first mixture

Figure 7. IR spectrum of first component of second mixture

Figure 8. IR spectrum of second component of second mixture

Figure 9. IR spectrum of first component of third mixture

Figure 10. IR spectum of second component of third mixture

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