LIMITS

Limits command is used to set the size of drawing area in respect to WCS (world co-ordinate
system), WCS is the origin of the drawing area. It assumed working area as a rectangle.

When you type limits, software will prompt you to specify lower left corner of the limit in
respect to the WCS. For this usually we specify 0,0 that means the lower left corner of the
rectangular working area lies on the WCS. Again in the next step it will prompt you to specify
upper right corner of the limit, this depend upon the size of the drawing (for example if we have
to draw a rectangle of size 200,150) specify upper limits more than the size of the rectangle, say
for example 250, 250. This value is the coordinate of the upper right corner of the rectangular
drawing area in respect to the WCS.

Command: LIMITS 

Specify lower left corner or [ON/OFF] <0.0000,0.0000>: 

Specify upper right corner <12.0000,9.0000>: 250,250 

UNITS /UN 

Units command is used to set

  The type of length input format like Decimal (2.1,3.1,4.1), Architectural(1½”),
Engineering (1.5”, 2.5”), Fractional (1 1/2) and Scientific ( 1.5 E +002). Usually by
default it is in decimal.

 Precision value of the input, it depends upon the maximum precise dimension of the
drawing.

 Unit, this depends upon the unit in which the drawing is to be drawn. By default it is
inches.

 Angle type, usually it is Decimal Degrees by default

*After setting limits it is necessary to type ZOOM / Z 

In above mentioned sub commands type A  to apply All option to see limit area fit to the
screen.
Basic co-ordinate system

1. Cartesian co-ordinate system

2. Polar co-ordinate system

The above mentioned co-ordinate system can classified according to system or method of
measurement.

 Absolute system of measurement

 Relative system of measurement

CARTESIAN CO-ORDINATE SYSTEM

Cartesian co-ordinate system is a system in which the location of a point is given by coordinates
that represent its distances from perpendicular lines that intersect at a point called the origin.

Now, we can further classify it in to absolute system and relative system.

Absolute system – In absolute system only one origin will be taken as datum for each and
every point of the drawing. In other words we can say that the origin is fixed.
Example :- Syntax to be used in AutoCAD :- # 45 , 20 

Relative system – In this

system the end point of the previous geometry will be taken as datum for the start point of the
next geometry. In other words we can say that the origin is moving along the geometry.

Example Syntax to be used in AutoCAD :- @ 25 , 15 

POLAR CO- ORDINATE SYSTEM

The polar coordinate system is a two-dimensional coordinate system in which each point on
a plane is determined by a distance from a reference point and an angle from a reference
direction.

Again we can classify it in to absolute system and relative system.

Distance Angle
Absolute system

Example :- Syntax to be used in AutoCAD :- # 20 < 45

Relative
system

Syntax to be used in AutoCAD :- @ 20 < 45

Setting of status bar option

 Snap
 Grid
 O-Snap
 Dynamic Input
 Ortho
 Polar

 Grid is the command used to create grid on the screen, with having a specific X and Y
grid distance. There are two purposes to show the grid :-

1. To see the limits up to which we can draw.

 2. In conjunction with SNAP command, it is used to make the drawing by using mouse.

Command: grid
Specify grid spacing(X) or [ON/OFF/Snap/Major/aDaptive/Limits/Follow/Aspect] <5.00>
X value is taken 5 units.
The aspect ratio of X and Y is by default 1, therefore the value of Y is automatically taken as
5 units.

 Snap is the command used to set the increment by which the cursor( cross-hairs)will
be
moved in the drawing area. It’s generally used in conjunction with the grid command.

This command will prompt you to define the movement of cursor in X direction as well
as in Y
direction. Usually it is equal to the grid spacing.

O-SNAP
 The Object Snaps are drawing aids which are used in conjunction with other commands like
line to help you draw accurately. O-snaps allow you to snap onto a specific object location when
you are picking a point. For example, using O-snaps you can accurately pick the end point of a
line or the center of a circle.
It is also helpful in making drawing without specifying co-ordinates.
For example to create above given drawing only outer most square is drawn by specifying co-
ordinates, and other square are drawn by using MID point option of O-SNAP.

Polar tracking option 

Restrict cursor to specified angle. For example if we want to create lines at angle of increment
of 10 degree for that we have to set the polar tracking value to 10 degree.
When we specify the first point of line and drag the mouse, the cursor movement will be tracked
at the increment of 10 degree and this tracking is shown by a green dashed line, now we have to
type only the length value. (DYNAMIC input option must be turned ON )
LINE OF ACTION

What is the meaning of CAD?

Give introduction about CAD and how it is useful for drafting purpose  Advantages of CAD
over manual drafting, explain with suitable example by doing on software  Application of
CAD in different field.  Different software used for CAD, with the name of its developer 
Introduction about AutoCAD  Introduction about GUI of the software like position of draw
tools, editing tools, dimensioning tools etc  setting of workspace  setting of limits 
setting of units  use of ZOOM and PAN command  Introduction about the drawing area
and WCS (world co-ordinate system)  Introduction & explanation about the use of status bar
options like grid, snap, tell them about free hand drawing using line tool (after doing setting of
grid and snap give a practice drawing to the student to perform on AutoCAD)  polar tracking,
orthomode, object snap, object snap tracking. Tell them the shortcut keys from F2 to F11 used to
toggle ON/OFF status bar options.

Now, explain the student about different types of co-ordinate system  now tell them how to
create a drawing by using line tool with different co-ordinate methods. Give practice drawing for
each method.  Use of erase command, use of trim command with suitable example, use of
circle command and different methods to create circle (Give practice drawing)  Use of Offset
command  Use of Rectangle and Polygon command (Give practice drawing)  use of move,
copy and rotate (Give practice drawing)  use of Arc, Polyline, Multiline (Give practice
drawing)  Fillet, Chamfer, Scale, (Give practice drawing)  use of spline  use of array,
mirror (Give practice drawing),  Dimensioning and Annotations  Do dimensioning of
previously created drawings.  use of blocks, viewports and layer command
(Write down the messages prompt by the software when we use any command, also
write the procedure and syntax to be typed by the user)