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He always _____________ (wear) a raincoat and - to make a sudden decision at the moment of speaking (this
MODUL _____________ (carry) an umbrella when he walked to the can be making an offer, a promise or describing an intention):
BAHASA INGGRIS II
office. - All right, I'll help you with the housework.
12. What you _____________ (think) of his last book? — I - I think I'll go for a walk, I have a slight headache.
_____________ (like) it very much. - I won't go to the party after all.
13. I _____________ (share) a flat with him when we were - I'll always be your friend.
students. He always _____________ (complain) about my - I promise I won't be late.
MEETING 2 PRACTICE 1 untidiness. - to make a request or invitation:
14. He suddenly _____________ (realize) that he _____________ - Will you wait for me?
TENSE REVIEW 1 Put the verbs in brackets into the simple present or the present (travel) in the wrong direction. - Will you come to my party on Saturday?
Present Continuous Tense - Simple Present Tense continuous tense. 15. He _____________ (play) the guitar outside her house when We use be going to:
Past Tense - Past Continuous Tense 1. Cuckoos _____________ (not build) nests. They _____________ someone opened the window and _____________ (throw) out - to make a prediction about a future event because of something
(use) the nests of other birds. a bucket of water. we can see now:
Present continuous 2. You can't see Tom now: he _____________ (have) a bath. 16. I just _____________ (open) the letter when the wind - Look at those clouds; it's going to rain.
We use the present continuous 3. He usually _____________ (drink) coffee but today he _____________ (blow) it out of my hand. - He isn't going to pass the test. (we can see that he doesn't study
- for something that is happening at the moment of speaking, often _____________ (drink) tea. 17. The burglar _____________ (open) the safe when he much)
with now, at the moment, today etc.: 4. What she _____________ (do) in the evenings? — _____________ (hear) footsteps. He immediately - to express our intention to do something:
- A green lizard is chasing me. She usually _____________ (play) cards or _____________ _____________ (put) out his torch and _____________ (crawl) - I'm going to change my lifestyle radically.
- Are you running away from something? (watch) TV. under the bed. - I'm going to study medicine.
- for something that is happening for a limited time in the present: 5. I won't go out now as it _____________ (rain) and I 18. When I _____________ (look) for my passport I _____________ - My parents are going to move to the country.
- I'm staying in Merton for a few months. _____________ (not have) an umbrella. (find) this old photograph. - Are you going to take up the new post? Yes, I am. /No, I'm not.
- to talk about future plans, often with tin expressions such as next 6. The last train _____________ (leave) the station at 11.30. 19. You looked very busy when I _____________ (see) you last We use the Present Continuous
week, on Tuesday, tonight:. 7. He usually _____________ (speak) so quickly that I night. What you _____________ (do)? - to talk about future events that we have fixed or arranged:
- We're going to the cinema tonight. Is Trig coming? _____________ (not understand) him. 20. The boys _____________ (play) cards when they - I'm starting a new job in June. (the arrangements have already
Present simple 8. Ann _____________ (make) a dress for herself at the moment. _____________ (hear) their father's step. They immediately been made)
We use the present simple She _____________ (make) all her own clothes. _____________ (hide) the cards and (take) out their lesson - We're going to the theatre tonight. (we've got the tickets)
- for things that repeatedly happen (or don't happen) especially 9. Hardly anyone _____________ (wear) a hat nowadays. books.
We use the Present Simple
with always, often, usually, sometimes, never, every day etc.: 10. I'm afraid I've broken one of your coffee cups. — Don't worry. I - to talk about future official events and timetables which we cannot
- I don't usually talk to aliens. _____________ (not like) that set anyway. MEETING 3 change:
- for things and facts which do not usually change: 11. I _____________ (wear) my sunglasses today because the sun - The conference begins on the 23rd of January.
- I live in Kingsley. is very strong. TENSE REVIEW 2 - My plane leaves at 3.30 p.m. tomorrow.
- with verbs such as like, love, hate, dislike, know, believe, think: 12. Tom can't have the newspaper now because his aunt Present Perfect Tense - Present Perfect Continuous Tense
- When does the concert start tomorrow?
- I love films. _____________ (read) it. Future Tense - Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect Tense
Past simple 13. I'm busy at the moment. I _____________ (redecorate) the Present perfect simple The past perfect expresses an activity that was complete before
- We form the past simple with regular verbs (invent: invented, live: sitting room. We use the present perfect simple another activity or time in the past.
lived) and Irregular verbs (wear: wore, meet: met) 14. The kettle _____________ (boil) now. Shall I make the tea? - for a completed action with just, already and yet: Sam arrived at 10:00. Ann left at 9:30.
- We use did + infinitive without to for questions, and did not or 15. How _____ you _____________ (get) to work as a rule? - We've just finished. - Ann had already left when Sam arrived.
didn't + infinitive without to for the negative. I usually _____________ (go) by bus but tomorrow I - for a completed action which has an effect or result in the present: Adverb clauses with by the time are frequently used with the past
- Did they wear jeans? _____________ (go) in Tom's car. - We've cleaned all the parts. (result: The engine looks like new.) perfect in the main clause.
- They didn't wear their best clothes.
- We use the past simple for an action that started and finished in PRACTICE 2 - for a completed action at an unknown or unstated time, often with
ever and never:
- By the time Sam got there, Ann had already left.
the past, often with a time expression. Put the verbs in brackets into the simple past or the past - You have never repaired a car before. If either before or after is used in the sentence, the past perfect is
- He made the first pair of jeans in America. continuous tense. Present perfect continuous often not necessary because the time relationship is already clear.
Past continuous 1. I lit the fire at 6.00 and it _____________(burn) brightly when We use the present perfect continuous The simple past may be used.
- We form the past continuous with was/were + an ing form. Tom came in at 7.00. - for an action that begins in the past and continues up to the - Sam had left before Ann got there. = Sam left before Ann got
- he was travelling 2. When I arrived the lecture had already started and the professor present. The action may be finished or unfinished: there.
- they were digging _____________ (write) on the overhead projector. - The car has been making strange noises. - After the guests had left, I went to bed. = After the guests left, I
- We make questions and negative forms like this: 3. I _____________ (make) a cake when the light went out. I had to - with for and since and how long to emphasize how long an action went to bed.
- Was he travelling to New York? finish it in the dark. has been happening:
- He was not (OR wasn't) travelling to New York. 4. I didn't want to meet Paul so when he entered the room I - We have been working on it for hours. PRACTICE 1
- We use the past continuous for an action that was already _____________ (leave). - often with the long action verbs play, learn, do, wait, live, rain, Complete the sentences with the verbs from the box in the correct
happening at a particular time in the past. 5. Unfortunately when I arrived Ann just _____________ (leave), so work, sleep etc.: form: present perfect or past simple.
- When he met them, they were digging for gold. we only had time for a few words. - It has been raining all day. be - break - earn - forget - give - go - have - offer - open - speak - tell
6. He _____________ (watch) TV when the phone rang. Very
Past simple or past continuous? Talking about the future 1. Bill _____________ away from school all this week.
unwillingly he _____________ (turn) down the sound and
- When one action interrupts another, we use the past continuous English doesn't have a future tense. We can use several forms to 2. Glenda _____________ to the cinema every weekend when she
_____________ (go) to answer it.
and the past simple together in one sentence. express different ideas about the future. was a student.
7. He was very polite. Whenever his wife entered the room he
- We use the past continuous (was travelling) for the longer action We use will: 3. Pippa _____________ very quiet recently. Is she OK?
_____________ (stand} up.
and the past simple (met) for the shorter 'interrupting' action. - to make predictions based on intuition, beliefs, opinions or 4. Eric _____________ the door before I rang the bell.
8. The admiral _____________ (play) bowls when he received news
- Levi was travelling from New York to San Francisco when he met experience 5. How long ______ Neil _____________ his present job?
of the invasion. He _____________ (insist) on finishing the game.
some men. - He'll make a good doctor. (this is my personal opinion) 6. ______ Tina _____________ to her parents since she left home?
9. My dog _____________ (walk) along quietly when Mr Pitt's
- I think Indonesia will become a rich country one day. 7. Ow, that hurt! I think I _____________ my toe.
Pekinese _____________ (attack) him.
- Janice won't win the 100 metres medal this year. 8. Jack _____________ me about his problems last night.
10 When I arrived she _____________ (have) lunch. She
- Will he be here soon? Yes, he will./No, he won't. 9. I _____________ Sue's mobile number. Do you have it?
_____________ (apologize) for starting without me but said that
- Who do you think will win the match? 10. Jane _____________ more money in her last job, but she enjoys
she always _____________ (have) lunch at 12.30.
this one more.
1 2
11. ______ Brian _____________ you his new address before he
moved house?
PRACTICE 4 (h) be going to
Active : Mary is going to help the boy.
(h) be going to
Active : Is Mary going to help the boy?
12. My brother _____________ to lend me his car tomorrow, so I Use the simple past or the past perfect form of the verbs in Passive : The boy is going to be helped by Marry. Passive : Is the boy going to be helped by Marry?
needn't get the bus. parentheses to complete the sentences. In some cases, either
tense is correct. NEGATIVE
PRACTICE 1
PRACTICE 2 1. Samir (be) __________________ a newspaper reporter before he
(a) simple present
Active : Mary doesn’t help the boy. Change the active to passive.
Choose ten of the pictures and write true sentences about (become) __________________ a businessman.
yourself. Use the present perfect or past simple. Passive : The boy isn’t helped by Marry. 1. Shakespeare wrote that play.
2. I (feel) __________________ a little better after I (take) 2. Do waitresses and waiters serve customers?
__________________ the medicine. (b) present progressive 3. The teacher is going to explain the lesson.
3. I was late. The teacher (give, already) __________________ a Active : Mary isn’t helping the boy. 4. Two horses were pulling the farmer's wagon.
quiz when I (get) __________________ to class. Passive : The boy isn’t being helped by Marry. 5. Toshi will not invite Yoko to the party.
4. It was raining hard, but by the time class (be) 6. Alex is not preparing that report.
__________________ over, the rain (stop) (c) present perfect 7. Had Kathy returned the book to the library?
__________________ Active : Mary hasn’t helped the boy. 8. Miriam has designed several public buildings.
5. Millions of years ago, dinosaurs (roam) __________________ the Passive : The boy hasn’t been helped by Marry. 9. His tricks won't fool me.
earth, but they (become) __________________ extinct by the 10. I didn't write that note. Did Jim write it?
time people first (appear) (d) simple past 11. Does Prof. Shapiro teach that course? No, he doesn't teach it.
6. I (see, never) any of Picasso's paintings before I (visit) Active : Mary didn’t help the boy. 12. Mrs. Andrews hasn't signed those papers yet. Has Mr. Andrews
__________________ the art museum. Passive : The boy wasn’t helped by Marry. signed them yet?
7. After work, I went to Rosa's office to give her a ride hone, but I Change the passive to active.
couldn't find her. She (leave) __________________ with someone (e) past progressive 13. The speech was given by Anwar.
else. Active : Mary wasn’t helping the boy. 14. Our assignments are going to be corrected by the teaching
8. I got ready to pay the bill, but when I (look) __________________ Passive : The boy wasn’t being helped by Marry. assistant.
in my pocket, I discovered that I (leave) __________________ 15. Was the electric light bulb invented by Thomas Edison? ,16. The
my wallet at home. With some embarrassment, I told my friend (f) past perfect speed limit on Highway 5 isn't obeyed by most drivers.
that I ( forget) __________________ my wallet. She kindly (offer) Active : Mary hadn’t helped the boy. 17. Have you been informed of the rent increase by the building
__________________ to pay my part of the bill for me. Passive : The boy hadn’t been helped by Marry. manager?
8. 'It's pouring with rain down here' (She told me) `What Should I buy for Peter?’
_____________________________________________________ She asked me what to buy for Peter.
_____________________________________________________
9. 'I'll have finished writing the report by the time you get here.' `Should I tell her what happened?’
(She promised me) He wanted to know whether to tell her what had happened.
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________ Note: We do not use the to-infinitive after why or if.
10. 'My new computer has made a lot of difference to me' (She
says)
_____________________________________________________ PRACTICE 2
_____________________________________________________
11. The 8.45 train from Waterloo will be arriving in approximately Write the following in reported speech.
five minutes.' (The station announcer has just said) 1. 'Where do you think we should advertise?' (He asked me)
_____________________________________________________ He asked me where I thought we should advertise.
_____________________________________________________ 2 'Are you going to audition for the play?' (Emma asked me)
12 'When we were setting up the organisation, we had very little ________________________________________________
money.' (They told me) 3 'Give me a ring if you need any help.' (She told me)
_____________________________________________________ ________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
4 'How is Laura getting on?' (She often asks me ... you ...)
________________________________________________
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