ISSN 2319-8885

Vol.06,Issue.13
April-2017,
Pages:2489-2492
www.ijsetr.com

Border Security System using Arduino & Ultrasonic Sensors

AMIT KUMAR1, ANCHAL BARANWAL2, ARUN KUMAR3, BRIJESH KUMAR KUSHWAHA4,
DHANAJAY MISHRA5, DEEPU KUMAR6, VARUN SINGHAL7
1
Research Scholar, Dept of EN, IMS Engineering College, Ghaziabad, India.
2
Research Scholar, Dept of EN, IMS Engineering College, Ghaziabad, India.
3
Research Scholar, Dept of EN, IMS Engineering College, Ghaziabad, India.
4
Research Scholar, Dept of EN, IMS Engineering College, Ghaziabad, India.
5
Research Scholar, Dept of EN, IMS Engineering College, Ghaziabad, India.
6
Research Scholar, Dept of EN, IMS Engineering College, Ghaziabad, India.
7
Assistant Professor, Dept of EN, IMS Engineering College, Ghaziabad, India.

Abstract: This research paper is based on a Security System which is fabricated for the Border Security by using different
technologies & sensors. This paper is based on the project made by our team under the guidance of our mentor. The main
purpose of this paper is to describe you how this system works, how the technology which is used in this system works & how it
helps the soldiers to secure the borders of our country. This is an electronic system which is implemented on different fencing
sections of border, on the places where there is no fencing on border lines & where patrolling of the soldiers is difficult or even
impossible. This system uses the technique of echolocation which is based on ultrasonic wave radar, RF communication & Infra-
Red technology which is separately controlled by different Arduino boards which controls the different sensors, motors & line
following robot according to the desire by using coding easily implemented on the control boards. This system is fully
automated & able to work continuously after the detection of intrusion by actuating alarms & firing the laser mounted on the line
following robot. This system is easily implemented on the homes for the personal home security & in the banks, storage sites,
safes, vaults etc.

Keywords: Arduino, Echolocation, Ultrasonic Wave Radar, RF Technology, Infra-Red Technology, Sensors, Line Following
Robot, Diode Laser.

I. INTRODUCTION the laser will fire towards the intruder & eliminate it. The
Now-a-days there is a sudden increase in the activities of ultrasonic sensor we use are HC-SR04. The controlling
terrorist & forces of neighboring countries at the borders modules are Arduino UNO board. The laser used is Diode
between the countries. Due to the increase in these activities Laser.
patrolling the soldiers will increase & sometimes soldiers
II. ULTRASONIC TECHNOLOGY
lost their lives in these encounters. Our system is a simple
An ultrasonic wave is a high frequency sound wave
solution for this problem in which or system will do the
which is not audible by normal human being but has a
patrolling work & detects the intrusion & eliminate that
special property of high reflectivity. The frequency of the
intrusion. This system is fully automated which needs only
ultrasonic waves is higher than 20KHz this property is also
one or two persons for maintenance purpose. This paper will
used in the sonar technology. This property of ultrasonic
basically concentrate on the human interfacing & knowledge
waves is used by bats which is known as echolocation in
towards our project system i.e. the detection & alerting the
which they emit ultrasonic waves & receives the reflected
soldiers to take necessary action to the problems at the
waves from the objects. The same technology is used by the
border. This system has ultrasonic sensors which are
ultrasonic sensors in which they emit & receive the waves &
responsible for the detection of intrusion. As they are
calculate the distance from the object. This is a robust
mounted over the section pillars. The sensors continuously
motion sensing technology which is not effected by the
rotate back & forth in the range of certain degrees (30-160)
environmental factors. This system uses this technology in
& show the intrusion over the radar with its location.
two ways first in the RADAR form & secondly in SONAR
Another set of sensors which sense the intrusion & show
form for higher accuracy of the system. The HC-SR04
over the LEDs & activation of the alarm. As the sensors
ultrasonic sensor modules have transmitter & receiver.
detect the intrusion RF transmitter sends signal to the
Internal circuitry of the module is so design it is capable
receiver & line following robot reach the border line & again
detect the intrusion by sensor mounted over it. As it detects,

Copyright @ 2017 IJSETR. All rights reserved.

 AMIT KUMAR, ANCHAL BARANWAL, ARUN KUMAR, BRIJESH KUMAR KUSHWAHA, DHANAJAY MISHRA, DEEPU KUMAR,
VARUN SINGHAL
calculate the distance from the object by use controller & its B. Hardware Features
coding.  5V
III. RF COMMUNICATION  8-bit
RF communication is referred to as radio frequency  16 MHz
communication. This is wireless electromagnetic  Automatic Voltage Regulator
transmission of signal over a certain channel. These signals
are in the range of 3Hz to 300GHz. These signals propagate
at the speed of light & does not need a medium to propagate.
RF waves are present in so many forms in nature like star
radiation, lightning, etc. RF waves can be produced
artificially by the use of electronic oscillator. The produced
waves can be of any frequency according to our need. RF
waves are used in various common & industrial purpose like
remote controlling, monitoring, broadcasting etc. RF
communication basically uses different modulation
techniques for smooth communication. The frequency of
waves can be altered by the use different electronic radio
components like power amplifiers, filters, mixers, oscillators
etc. RF modules & transceivers mainly uses data link layer
support for multiple wireless communication agreements.
Fig.1.
IV. ARDUINO BOARDS
Arduino is a computer hardware and software tool that V. INFRA-RED LINE TRACKING TECHNOLOGY
designs and manufactures microcontroller kits & modules The IR technology specifically uses the light of the
for building digital devices, control systems and interactive wavelength of infra-red region of light. This is basically used
objects that can sense and control objects in the physical for detection & line tracking. IR Sensors work by using a
world. Arduino board designs use a variety of micro- specific light sensor to detect the specific light wavelength in
processors and controllers. The boards are to be included the Infra-Red spectrum. An LED which produces light at the
with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) ports that same wavelength as what the sensor is detecting, look at the
may be interfaced to various expansion boards (shields) and intensity of the received light. When an object is close to the
other circuits and sensors. The boards feature serial sensor, the light from the LED reflects from the object and
communications interfaces, including Universal Serial Bus towards the light sensor. This causes a large jump in the
(USB) on some models, which are also used for the loading intensity, which we can be detected using a threshold. As the
programs from the computers and also as a power supply for sensor works by looking for the reflected light, it is possible
the board. The microcontrollers are typically programmed that the sensor can return the value of the reflected light.
using a dialect of features from the programming languages This type of sensor can be used to measure how bright the
C and C++. The extension for using traditional compiler object is. This is useful for tasks like line tracking or
toolchains, the Arduino project provides an integrated following. This device has 5 downward-looking sensors, and
development environment (IDE) based on the Processing the controller can see whether the robot is on the line, off a
language project. little left or right, or off more, left or right, and drive to
A. Arduino UNO follow the line. the outer sensors can also tell when a line
Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the crosses the line the Robot is following. Then software can
ATmega328P (datasheet). It has 14 digital input/output pins decide whether to follow that new line or not.
of which 6 can also be used as PWM outputs, 6 analog
inputs, a 16 MHz quartz crystal, a USB port drive, a power
jack port, an ICSP header and a reset button. It contains
everything that needed for a microcontroller; to simply
connect to a computer with a USB cable or to power it with a
AC-to-DC converter adapter or battery to get started. "Uno"
means one in Italian and was chosen to mark the release of
Arduino Software (IDE) 1.0. The Uno board and version 1.0
of Arduino Software (IDE) were the reference versions of
Arduino, now evolved to newer releases. The Uno board is
the first in a series of USB Arduino boards, and the reference
model for the Arduino platform; for an extensive list of
current, past or outdated boards see the Arduino index of
boards.
Fig.2.
International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research
Volume.06, IssueNo.13, April-2017, Pages: 2489-2492
 Border Security System using Arduino & Ultrasonic Sensors
A. Line Following Robot
This robot works on the principle of Infra-Red Line
Tracking. Which can be white or black line based on the
programming. The line fallowing robot is the automatic
robots. This system must be sense by the line. This
application is depending upon the sensors. Here we are using
two sensors for path detection purpose. The IR sensor is used
for path detection. These sensors mounted at front end of the
robot. The whole circuit is controlled by the Arduino.
VI. HARDWARE INSTALLATION
The system hardware is so installed that it represents a
section of border or the fencing on which the sensors are
mounted & tend to rotate over it. The system is so design
that it takes minimum human support & real-time
surveillance over the section that it is used to protect. The
ultrasonic sensors are the eyes of the system which sense the
intrusion. Then sensors are used actuate the RADAR, Buzzer
and indicating LEDs. The actuations of these outputs are
based on different set of sensors. RADAR is actuated by
the rotating sensors and Buzzer & LEDs are actuated by the
stationary sensors for higher precision of the system. The
rotatory sensors are set to rotate back and forth in the range
of certain degrees by the use servomotors. Which works as a
radar. The RADAR normally shows green but as it detects
the intrusion it become red and also show the distance and
position of the intrusion. As intrusion is detected RF
transmitter will send a signal to the path follower. Robot will
reach the border & again search the person in the no men’s
land by the use of another ultrasonic sensor which is rotated
just like other sensors by the use of servomotor and after
detection it will fire the laser. The RADAR and path
follower robot are controlled by different Arduino boards as
they are synchronized by the RF communication as the robot
will move only by the signal of RF transmitter. The circuit
housing is set as the RF transmitter is mounted in the main
circuit area & the receiver is mounted over the path follower
as RF transmitter will lead to trigger the path follower.
Another set of sensors are mounted below the rotatory
sensors. Which are stationary at their place. The purpose of
these sensors is same as other sensors but they are used for
better precision of the system but they are used trigger
another system which is the distance indicating LEDs and
alarm. These sensors will directly trigger the alarm at the
border and in the patrolling station. The laser mounted robot
designed is based on the path following technology which
uses the IR sensors. The robot has separate controlling
Arduino board which activates by the signal from the
transmitter. The laser used in this system is a diode laser
according to the power supply but another laser or gun can
be mounted over it. Every component in the system is
separately controlled by different Arduino boards and all the
boards are inter-linked and timed in such a way that system
will trigger the only thing for which it is specified. Multi
boards are used to make the overall system robust & easily
maintainable.
 Servomotor Rotation Range (15 to 165) degrees
 Path follower moves back & forth
International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research
Volume.06, IssueNo.13, April-2017, Pages: 2489-2492
 Range can be adjustable
VII. HC-SR04 SENSOR MODULE
Fig.3.
The HC-SR04 sensor module is an ultrasonic sensor
module. The module is a distance calculating module. That
same property is made it suitable to use it as detection sensor
like PIR or motion sensor. The module has one transmitter
and one receiver which transmit ultrasonic wave pulses and
receives the reflected wave as the receiver receive the wave
it shows that there is something in front of it because of the
reflectivity of ultrasonic wave or echolocation. The HC-
SR04 ultrasonic sensor uses sonar to determine distance to
an object like bats do. It gives a good range of detection with
high accuracy and stable readings in an easy-to-use package.
It ranges from 2cm to 400 cm or 1” to 13 feet. It is not
affected by sunlight or black material. It comes complete
with ultrasonic transmitter and receiver module. The
transmitter of the module emits eight pulse of ultrasonic
waves with a frequency of 40khz and starts its timer. The
pulses will travel outward until they encounter any object.
Then it causes the wave to reflected back towards the
receiver. The ultrasonic receiver would detect the reflected
wave and stop the stop timer. The velocity of the ultrasonic
pulses is 340m/sec. in air. According to the number of
counts by the timer, the distance can be calculated between
the object and transmitter. The distance D measured by the
module is calculated by the formula as: -
(1)
Where V is the velocity of the ultrasonic wave and T is the
time on the time in the module.
Module Features:
 Accurate Distance Measurement
 Close Range Device
 Stable Module
Uses:
 Level Detection
 Vehicle Detection
 Blind Person Support
 Robotics Barrier
 AMIT KUMAR, ANCHAL BARANWAL, ARUN KUMAR, BRIJESH KUMAR KUSHWAHA, DHANAJAY MISHRA, DEEPU KUMAR,
VARUN SINGHAL
VIII. FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS [6]. Ying-Wen Bai, Li-Sih Shen and Zong-Han Li “Design
 Compact & Reliable Design of the Robot. and Implementation of an Embedded Home Surveillance
 High Intensity & Efficient LASER is used. System by Use of Multiple Ultrasonic Sensor”.
 No Patrolling Unit is need so No Casualties. [7]. Referenced Websites of
 High end Controller is used with an AI with en.wikiprdia.org/wiki/UltrasonicSensor,
Decision Making abilities. www.senix.com/Ultrasonic-Sensors.
 High Range & Accurate Sensors are Used. www.arduino.cc/en/main/arduinoBoardUno
 Live Surveillance can be implemented.

IX. IMPLEMENTATION RESULT

Distance Measurement: The sensors give the rough
measurement of about 1.4cm to 1.6cm accuracy which is
tolerable in detection of any presence.
TABLE I:

Speed of Detection: The sensor take the rough detection

time of 2.8 seconds to 3 seconds to detect a new presence in
the perimeter.
X. CONCLUSION
We have fabricated a robust and portable security
system for the country borders. We believe that our system is
very simplified and have the features that other border
security systems does not have at portability level. Our
system can be improved by doing the advancements
according to the needs. The accuracy & precision of the
system can be improved by using multiple sensors & it will
give good & accurate results with high precision.

XI. REFERENCES
[1]. Sungbok Kim and Hyunbin Kim, “Simple and Complex
Obstacle Detection Using an Overlapped Ultrasonic Sensor
Ring,”2012 12th International Conference on Control,
Automation and Systems.
[2]. Jun Hou, Chengdong Wu, Zhongjia Yuan, Jiyuan Tan,
Qiaoqiao Wang and Yun Zhou, “Research of Intelligent
Home Security Surveillance System Based on ZigBee,”
International Symposium on Intelligent Information
Technology Application Workshops, pp.554-557,21-22
Dec.2008
[3]. J. Borenstein, H. R. Everett, and L. Feng, “Where Am
I?”: Sensors and Methods for Mobile Robot Positioning, The
University of Michigan, 1996.
[4] J. L. Crowley, “World Modelling and Position
Estimation for a Mobile Robot Using Ultrasonic
Ranging,”Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Robotics and Automation,
pp. 674-680,1989.
[5]. H. Choset, K. Nagatani, and N. A. Lazar, "The Arc
Traversal Median Algorithm: A Geometric Approach to
Increase Ultrasonic Sensor Azimuth Accuracy," IEEE Trans.
Robotics and Automation, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 513-522, 2003.
International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research
Volume.06, IssueNo.13, April-2017, Pages: 2489-2492