PRACTICAL STUDY OF

BOREWELL PUMPS

Borewell pumps are widely known as submersible pumps.

All machines are classified into two types based operation, they are:-

1. POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINE.

2. ROTODYNAMIC MACHINE/ TURBOMACHINE.

TURBOMACHINES:- It is device where energy is transferred, either from

are to the continuously flowing fluid by the DYNAMIC action of one or
more rotating blade rows.

SUBMERSIBLE PUMPS/ BOREWELL PUMPS:-

A submersible pump is a type of centrifugal pump. In 1928 it was invented

by an engineer ARMAIS ARUTUNOFF( born in Russia and then later
migrated to USA.)

The submersible pumps (SP) is renowned for high efficiency

and reliability. Made entirely of corrosion resistant stainless steel, SP
pumps are ideal for a wide variety of applications. SP pumps represent
state-of-the-art hydraulic design. Built to deliver optimum efficiency
during periods of high demand, SP pumps provide low long-term costs and
high operating reliability regardless of the application.
 The SP offers high efficiency, high resistance to
sand and other abrasives, motor burnout protection, and easy maintenance.
A complete monitoring and control system is available for constant
optimization of the pumping system.

STUDY OF THE PARTS IN THE SUBMERSIBLE PUMPS:-

The main parts of a submersible water pump has the following parts:-
1. MOTOR.
2. SHAFT( with key ways).
3. WATER FILTER.
4. IMPELLER.
5. DIFFUSER.
6. CASING.
7. WASHER,HOSING,ALAN SCREWS, etc…

1. MOTOR:- The motor used in the SP is an induction type one.

The exterior of the motor is made up of stainless steel, which is a corrosive
resistant material.

Motor consists of a rotor, shaft, stator, shaft bearings and thrust

bearings and seals , safety valves etc,..
The stator contains copper windings, when the current flows through the
stator windings it produces a rotating magnetic field. Due to this rotating
magnetic field the rotor which encloses the shaft rotates.
This shaft is supported by shaft bearings and thrust bearings to
facilitate the smooth and vibration free motion of the shaft.
To prevent the motor from overheating pressure valves/ safety valves
are provided to the motor which lets the filtered water in and hot water
out the the motor. The pressure sensing mechanism is used to maintain
constant volume of coolant water inside the motor.

2. SHAFT:- The shaft is generally made up of mild steel, if high strength

is required then materials like alloy steels, nickel-chromium steels are
used.
The length of the shaft mainly depends on the horsepower and
stage of the submersible pump.

3. WATER FILTER:- A simple mesh like structure through the water

enters to the pump. It is also made up of stainless steel.
It only allows the water and blocks the entry of particles of certain size
to protect the pump against materials which can damage its functionality.
4. IMPELLER:- It is the rotating element in the SP. It transfers energy
from the motor (which drives the pump) to the water(transferring
kinetic energy) being pumped, through the shaft, in outward direction.

Impeller is firmly mounted on the shaft, which is connected to the

motor through keys, Alan screws and washers.
Impeller has backward curved blades which increases the
efficiency of the pump and reduces the flow deviation of the water.

5. DIFFUSER:- some pumps are provided with diffuser, diffuser is a set

of stationary vane which surrounds the impeller. The purpose of the
diffuser is to convert kinetic energy of the water in pressure head.
The water leaves the impeller with high velocity, this high velocity
water is made to flow through the diffuser. The diffuser vane geometry
is in such a way that it provides a increase flow area to the water, when
water flows through the diffuser this increasing flow area converts
kinetic energy of the water in pressure energy.
(diffuser does
Rotate even
When
Impeller
Rotates)
The impeller-diffuser combination is termed as one stage in submersible
water pump.

6. CASING:- it is the most important part in any turbo machine after

rotating element.
The functions of casing are :-
1. It prevents leakage of the water in the pump.
2. It takes part in the process of energy conversion.
3. It supports the other parts by holding it together.

7. HOSING, WASHERS AND ALAN SCREWS AND KEYS:-

These are some of the joining elements which are used to connect and
join the submersible water pump during its assembly.

ADVANTAGES OF SUBMERSIBLE WATER PUMPS:-

1. There is no need of suction pipe in this pump, as the whole pump is

submerged in the water, the push action of the water takes place due
pressure alone instead of the pull of water.
2. Since the whole pump is under water there is no need of priming in
case of submersible water pump.
3. There is no occurrence of cavitation in this kind of pump as there is
no suction piping here as that of normal centrifugal pump.
4. The efficiency of the pump compared to other pump is significantly
high.
5. The maintenance of this kind of pump is very easy compared to others

Disadvantages of submersible water pump:-

1. Frequent maintenance is required for this kind of pumps, as they are
always under water the outer layer corrodes with time leading to
leakage. So proper selection of materials is required while
manufacturing.

2. The cost of this pump is significantly high.

3. The other main disadvantage is that one pump does not fit all uses.
Single stage pumps are used for most home and light industrial pumping.
This includes aquarium filters, sewage pumping, or sump pumps for
drainage. Multiple stage pumps are used for anything underground, such
as water wells or oil wells.

REFERENCE:-

Place of visit: SRINIVASA ENGINEERING WORKS

CHICKBALLAPUR, NEAR RAILWAY
STATION.
Owner info:
Name: DEVARAJU.(professional in repairing
pumps and motors)