Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables1 PDF

Class- X-CBSE-Mathematics Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
CBSE NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Mathematics Chapter 3

Back of Chapter Questions
1. Aftab tells his daughter, “Seven years ago, I was seven times as old as you were
then. Also, three years from now, I shall be three times as old as you will be.”
(Isn’t this interesting?) Represent this situation algebraically and graphically.
Solution:
Let the present age of Aftab be x and present age of daughter be y.
Hence, seven years ago,
Age of Aftab = 𝑥𝑥 − 7
Age of daughter = 𝑦𝑦 − 7
Hence, as per the given condition,(𝑥𝑥 − 7) = 7(𝑦𝑦 − 7)
⟹ x − 7 = 7y − 49
⟹ x − 7y = −42………………………(i)
Three years later,
Age of Aftab = 𝑥𝑥 + 3
Age of daughter = 𝑦𝑦 + 3
Hence, as per the given condition, (𝑥𝑥 + 3) = 3(𝑦𝑦 + 3)
⇒ 𝑥𝑥 + 3 = 3𝑦𝑦 + 9
⇒ 𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦 = 6 …………………………(ii)
Hence, equation (i) and (ii) represent given conditions algebraically as:
𝑥𝑥 − 7𝑦𝑦 = −42
𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦 = 6
Graphical Representation:
x − 7y = −42
⇒ x = −42 + 7y
Two solutions of this equation are:
𝑥𝑥 −7 0
𝑦𝑦 5 6
Practice more on Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Page - 1 www.embibe.com

x − 3y = 6
⇒ x = 6 + 3y
𝑥𝑥 6 0
𝑦𝑦 0 −2
The graphical representation is as follows:
2. The coach of a cricket team buys 3 bats and 6 balls for ₹ 3900. Later, she buys
another bat and 3 more balls of the same kind for ₹ 1300. Represent this situation
algebraically and geometrically.
Solution:
Let the price of a bat be ₹ x and a ball be ₹ y.
Hence, we can represent algebraically the given conditions as:
3𝑥𝑥 + 6𝑦𝑦 = 3900
𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑦𝑦 = 1300
3900 − 6𝑦𝑦
3𝑥𝑥 + 6𝑦𝑦 = 3900 ⟹ 𝑥𝑥 =
3


𝑥𝑥 300 100
𝑦𝑦 500 600
𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑦𝑦 = 1300 ⟹ 𝑥𝑥 = 1300 − 3𝑦𝑦

𝑥𝑥 100 −200
𝑦𝑦 400 500
3. The cost of 2 kg of apples and 1 kg of grapes on a day was found to be ₹ 160.

After a month, the cost of 4 kg of apples and 2 kg of grapes is ₹ 300. Represent
the situation algebraically and geometrically.
Solution:
Let the cost of 1 kg of apples be ₹ 𝑥𝑥 and 1 kg grapes be ₹ y.
The given conditions can be algebraically represented as:

2𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 160 (1)

4𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 = 300 (2)
2𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 160 ⟹ 𝑦𝑦 = 160 − 2𝑥𝑥

𝑥𝑥 50 80
𝑦𝑦 60 0
300 − 4𝑥𝑥
4𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 = 300 ⟹ 𝑦𝑦 =
2
𝑥𝑥 60 75
𝑦𝑦 30 0
♦ ♦ ♦

EXERCISE 3.2
1. Form the pair of linear equations in the following problems and find their
solutions graphically.
(i) 10 students of Class X took part in a Mathematics quiz. If the number of
girls is 4 more than the number of boys, find the number of boys and girls
who took part in the quiz.
(ii) 5 Pencils and 7 pens together cost ₹ 50, whereas 7 pencils and 5 pens
together cost ₹ 46. Find the cost of one pencil and that of one pen.
Solution:
(i) Let the number of girls in the class be x and number of boys in the class be
y.
As per the given conditions
𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 10 (1)
𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 = 4 (2)
𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 10 ⟹ 𝑥𝑥 = 10 − 𝑦𝑦
𝑥𝑥 0 10
𝑦𝑦 10 0
𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 = 4 ⟹ 𝑥𝑥 = 4 + 𝑦𝑦
𝑥𝑥 2 4
𝑦𝑦 −2 0


From the graph, it can be observed that the two lines intersect each other at the
point (7, 3).
So,𝑥𝑥 = 7 and y = 3.
Hence, the number of girls and boys in the class are 7 and 3 respectively.
(ii) Let the cost of one pencil be ₹ 𝑥𝑥 and one pen be ₹ 𝑦𝑦 respectively.
As per the given conditions,
5𝑥𝑥 + 7𝑦𝑦 = 50 (1)
7𝑥𝑥 + 5𝑦𝑦 = 46 (2)
50 − 7𝑦𝑦
5𝑥𝑥 + 7𝑦𝑦 = 50 ⟹ 𝑥𝑥 =
5
𝑥𝑥 3 10
𝑦𝑦 5 0

46 − 5𝑦𝑦
7𝑥𝑥 + 5𝑦𝑦 = 46 ⟹ 𝑥𝑥 =
7
𝑥𝑥 8 3
𝑦𝑦 −2 5
point (3, 5).
So,𝑥𝑥 = 3 and 𝑦𝑦 = 5.
Therefore, the cost of one pencil and one pen are ₹3 and ₹5 respectively.

𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏 𝑐𝑐
2. On comparing the ratios 𝑎𝑎1 , 𝑏𝑏1 and 𝑐𝑐1 , find out whether the lines representing the
2 2 2
following pairs of linear equations intersect at a point, are parallel or coincident:
(i) 5𝑥𝑥 − 4𝑦𝑦 + 8 = 0 7𝑥𝑥 + 6𝑦𝑦 − 9 = 0
(ii) 9𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑦𝑦 + 12 = 0 18𝑥𝑥 + 6𝑦𝑦 + 24 = 0
(iii) 6𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦 + 10 = 0 2𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 + 9 = 0
Solution:
(i) 5𝑥𝑥 − 4𝑦𝑦 + 8 = 0
7𝑥𝑥 + 6𝑦𝑦 − 9 = 0
Comparing pair of equations with 𝑎𝑎1 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑏𝑏1 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑐𝑐1 = 0 and 𝑎𝑎2 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑏𝑏2 𝑦𝑦 +
𝑐𝑐2 = 0, we get
𝑎𝑎1 = 5, 𝑏𝑏1 = −4, 𝑐𝑐1 = 8
𝑎𝑎2 = 7, 𝑏𝑏2 = 6, 𝑐𝑐2 = −9
𝑎𝑎1 5
=
𝑎𝑎2 7
𝑏𝑏1 −4 −2
= =
𝑏𝑏2 6 3
𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏
Since, 𝑎𝑎1 ≠ 𝑏𝑏1, the given pair of equations intersect at exactly one point.
2 2
(ii) 9𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑦𝑦 + 12 = 0

18𝑥𝑥 + 6𝑦𝑦 + 24 = 0
𝑐𝑐2 = 0, we get:
𝑎𝑎1 = 9, 𝑏𝑏1 = 3, 𝑐𝑐1 = 12
𝑎𝑎2 = 18, 𝑏𝑏2 = 6, 𝑐𝑐2 = 24
𝑎𝑎1 9 1
= =
𝑎𝑎2 18 2
𝑏𝑏1 3 1
= =
𝑏𝑏2 6 2
𝑐𝑐1 12 1 𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏 𝑐𝑐
= 24 = 2Since,𝑎𝑎1 = 𝑏𝑏1 = 𝑐𝑐1 the given pair of equation are coincident.
𝑐𝑐2 2 2 2

(iii) 6x − 3y + 10 = 0
2x − y + 9 = 0
𝑎𝑎1 = 6, 𝑏𝑏1 = −3, 𝑐𝑐1 = 10
𝑎𝑎2 = 2, 𝑏𝑏2 = −1, 𝑐𝑐2 = 9
𝑎𝑎1 6 3
= =
𝑎𝑎2 2 1
𝑏𝑏1 −3 3
= =
𝑏𝑏2 −1 1
𝑐𝑐1 10
=
𝑐𝑐2 9
Since, 𝑎𝑎1 = 𝑏𝑏1 ≠ 𝑐𝑐1 the given pair of equation are parallel to each other.
2 2 2
3. On comparing the ratios 𝑎𝑎1 , 𝑏𝑏1 and 𝑐𝑐1 , find out whether the following pair of linear
2 2 2
equations are consistent, or inconsistent.
(i) 3𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 = 5 2𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦 = 7
(ii) 2𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦 = 8 4𝑥𝑥 − 6𝑦𝑦 = 9
(iii) 3 5 9𝑥𝑥 − 10𝑦𝑦 = 14
𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 7
2 3
(iv) 5𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦 = 11 −10𝑥𝑥 + 6𝑦𝑦 = −22
(v) 4 2𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑦𝑦 = 12
𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 = 8
3
Solution:
(i) 3𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 = 5
2𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦 = 7
𝑎𝑎1 = 3, 𝑏𝑏1 = 2, 𝑐𝑐1 = −5
𝑎𝑎2 = 2, 𝑏𝑏2 = −3, 𝑐𝑐2 = −7

𝑎𝑎1 3 𝑏𝑏1 2 2 𝑐𝑐1 −5 5

= , = =− , = =
𝑎𝑎2 2 𝑏𝑏2 −3 3 𝑐𝑐2 −7 7
𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏
Since, 𝑎𝑎1 ≠ 𝑏𝑏1 the given pair of equation has only one solution.
2 2
Hence, the pair of linear equations is consistent.

(ii) 2𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦 = 8
4𝑥𝑥 − 6𝑦𝑦 = 9
𝑎𝑎1 = 2, 𝑏𝑏1 = −3, 𝑐𝑐1 = −8
𝑎𝑎2 = 4, 𝑏𝑏2 = −6, 𝑐𝑐2 = −9
𝑎𝑎1 2 1 𝑏𝑏1 −3 1 𝑐𝑐1 −8 8

= = , = = , = =
𝑎𝑎2 4 2 𝑏𝑏2 −6 2 𝑐𝑐2 −9 9
Since, 𝑎𝑎1 = 𝑏𝑏1 ≠ 𝑐𝑐1 the given pair of equation has no solution.
2 2 2
Hence, the pair of linear equations is inconsistent.

3 5
(iii) 2
𝑥𝑥 + 3 𝑦𝑦 = 7
9𝑥𝑥 − 10𝑦𝑦 = 14
3 5
𝑎𝑎1 = , 𝑏𝑏1 = , 𝑐𝑐1 = −7
2 3
𝑎𝑎2 = 9, 𝑏𝑏2 = −10, 𝑐𝑐2 = −14
3 5
𝑎𝑎1 1 𝑏𝑏1 1 𝑐𝑐1 −7 1
= 2 = , = 3 =− , = =
𝑎𝑎2 9 6 𝑏𝑏2 −10 6 𝑐𝑐2 −14 2
𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏
Since, 𝑎𝑎1 ≠ 𝑏𝑏1 the given pair of equation has only one solution
2 2

(iv) 5𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦 = 11

−10𝑥𝑥 + 6𝑦𝑦 = −22
𝑎𝑎1 = 5, 𝑏𝑏1 = −3, 𝑐𝑐1 = −11
𝑎𝑎2 = −10, 𝑏𝑏2 = 6, 𝑐𝑐2 = 22
𝑎𝑎1 5 1 𝑏𝑏1 −3 1 𝑐𝑐1 −11 1

= =− , = =− , = =−
𝑎𝑎2 −10 2 𝑏𝑏2 6 2 𝑐𝑐2 22 2
Since, 𝑎𝑎1 = 𝑏𝑏1 = 𝑐𝑐1 the given pair of equation has infinite number of
2 2 2
solution.
4
(iv) 3
𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 = 8
2𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑦𝑦 = 12
4
𝑎𝑎1 = 3 , 𝑏𝑏1 = 2, 𝑐𝑐1 = −8
𝑎𝑎2 = 2, 𝑏𝑏2 = 3, 𝑐𝑐2 = −12
4
𝑎𝑎1 2 𝑏𝑏1 2 𝑐𝑐1 −8 2
= 3 = , = , = =
𝑎𝑎2 2 3 𝑏𝑏2 3 𝑐𝑐2 −12 3
Since, 𝑎𝑎1 = 𝑏𝑏1 = 𝑐𝑐1 the given pair of equation has infinite number of
2 2 2
Solution.
4. Which of the following pairs of linear equations are consistent/inconsistent? If

consistent, obtain the solution graphically:
(i) 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 5 2𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 = 10

(ii) 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 = 8 3𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦 = 16

(iii) 2𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 − 6 = 0 4𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑦 − 4 = 0
(iv) 2𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑦 − 2 = 0 4𝑥𝑥 − 4𝑦𝑦 − 5 = 0
Solution:
(i) 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 5
2𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 = 10
𝑎𝑎1 = 1, 𝑏𝑏1 = 1, 𝑐𝑐1 = −5
𝑎𝑎2 = 2, 𝑏𝑏2 = 2, 𝑐𝑐2 = −10
𝑎𝑎1 1 𝑏𝑏1 1 𝑐𝑐1 −5 1
= , = , = =
𝑎𝑎2 2 𝑏𝑏2 2 𝑐𝑐2 −10 2
Since, 𝑎𝑎1 = 𝑏𝑏1 = 𝑐𝑐1 the given pair of linear equation has infinite number of
2 2 2
Solution.
Now, x + y = 5 ⟹ x = 5 − y
𝑥𝑥 5 0
𝑦𝑦 0 5
10 − 2𝑦𝑦
2𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 = 10 ⇒ 𝑥𝑥 =
2
𝑥𝑥 4 3
𝑦𝑦 1 2
Thus, the graphical representation is as follows:

In the graph, it is observed that the two lines coincide. Hence, the given pair of
equations has infinite solutions.
Let x = t, then y = 5 − t. So, the ordered pair (t, 5 − t), where t is a constant, is
the solution of the given pair of linear equations.
(ii) 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 = 8
3𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦 = 16
𝑎𝑎1 = 1, 𝑏𝑏1 = −1, 𝑐𝑐1 = −8
𝑎𝑎2 = 3, 𝑏𝑏2 = −3, 𝑐𝑐2 = −16
𝑎𝑎1 1 𝑏𝑏1 −1 1 𝑐𝑐1 −8 1

= , = = , = =
𝑎𝑎2 3 𝑏𝑏2 −3 3 𝑐𝑐2 −16 2
Since, 𝑎𝑎1 = 𝑏𝑏1 ≠ 𝑐𝑐1 the given pair of linear equation has no solution.
2 2 2

(iii) 2𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 − 6 = 0
4𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑦 − 4 = 0
𝑎𝑎1 = 2, 𝑏𝑏1 = 1, 𝑐𝑐1 = −6
𝑎𝑎2 = 4, 𝑏𝑏2 = −2, 𝑐𝑐2 = −4
𝑎𝑎1 2 1 𝑏𝑏1 1 1 𝑐𝑐1 −6 3
= = , = =− , = =
𝑎𝑎2 4 2 𝑏𝑏2 −2 2 𝑐𝑐2 −4 2
𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏
Since 𝑎𝑎1 ≠ 𝑏𝑏1, the given pair of linear equation has only one solution.
2 2

Now, 2𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 − 6 = 0 ⇒ 𝑦𝑦 = 6 − 2𝑥𝑥
𝑥𝑥 0 3
𝑦𝑦 6 0
4𝑥𝑥 − 4
4𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑦 − 4 = 0 ⇒ 𝑦𝑦 =
2
𝑥𝑥 1 0
𝑦𝑦 0 −2
Hence, the graphical representation is as follows:

In the graph, it is observed that the two lines intersect each other at the
point (2, 2). Hence, the solution of the given pair of equations is (2, 2).
(iv) 2𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑦 − 2 = 0

4𝑥𝑥 − 4𝑦𝑦 − 5 = 0
𝑎𝑎1 = 2, 𝑏𝑏1 = −2, 𝑐𝑐1 = −2
𝑎𝑎2 = 4, 𝑏𝑏2 = −4, 𝑐𝑐2 = −5
𝑎𝑎1 2 1 𝑏𝑏1 −2 1 𝑐𝑐1 −2 2

= = , = = , = =
𝑎𝑎2 4 2 𝑏𝑏2 −4 2 𝑐𝑐2 −5 5

Since 𝑎𝑎1 = 𝑏𝑏1 ≠ 𝑐𝑐1, the given pair of linear equation has no solution
2 2 2

5. Half the perimeter of a rectangular garden, whose length is 4 m more than its
width, is 36 m. Find the dimensions of the garden.
Solution:
Let the length of the rectangular garden be 𝑥𝑥 and width be 𝑦𝑦.
As per the given conditions,
𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 = 4
𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 36
𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 = 4 ⇒ 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑦𝑦 + 4
𝑥𝑥 0 4
𝑦𝑦 −4 0
𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 36
𝑥𝑥 0 36
𝑦𝑦 36 0
Hence, the graphical representation is as follows:

point (20, 16). So, 𝑥𝑥 = 20 and 𝑦𝑦 = 16.
Thus, the length and width of the rectangular garden is 20 m and 16 m
respectively.
6. Given the linear equation 2𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑦𝑦 − 8 = 0, write another linear equation in two
variables such that the geometrical representation of the pair so formed is:
(i) intersecting lines
(ii) parallel lines
(iii) coincident lines
Solution:
(i) For the two lines 𝑎𝑎1 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑏𝑏1 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑐𝑐1 = 0 and a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0, to be

𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏
intersecting, we must have 𝑎𝑎1 ≠ 𝑏𝑏1
2 2
Hence, the other linear equation can be 3x + 7y − 15 = 0

𝑎𝑎1 2 𝑏𝑏1 3 𝑐𝑐1 −8 8
= , = , = =
𝑎𝑎2 3 𝑏𝑏2 7 𝑐𝑐2 −15 15

(ii) For the two lines 𝑎𝑎1 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑏𝑏1 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑐𝑐1 = 0 and 𝑎𝑎2 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑏𝑏2 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑐𝑐2 = 0, to be
parallel, we must have 1 = 1 ≠ 1
𝑎𝑎2 𝑏𝑏2 𝑐𝑐2
Hence, the other linear equation can be 4𝑥𝑥 + 6𝑦𝑦 + 9 = 0, as

𝑎𝑎1 2 1 𝑏𝑏1 3 1 𝑐𝑐1 −8
= = , = = , =
𝑎𝑎2 4 2 𝑏𝑏2 6 2 𝑐𝑐2 9
(iii) For the two lines 𝑎𝑎1 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑏𝑏1 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑐𝑐1 = 0 and 𝑎𝑎2 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑏𝑏2 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑐𝑐2 = 0, to be
parallel, we must have 𝑎𝑎1 = 𝑏𝑏1 = 𝑐𝑐1
2 2 2
So, the other linear equation can be 6𝑥𝑥 + 9𝑦𝑦 − 24 = 0,

𝑎𝑎 2 1 𝑏𝑏 3 1 𝑐𝑐 −8 1
as 𝑎𝑎1 = 6 = 3 , 𝑏𝑏1 = 9 = 3 , 𝑐𝑐1 = −24 = 3
2 2 2
7. Draw the graphs of the equations 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 + 1 = 0 and 3𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 − 12 = 0.

Determine the coordinates of the vertices of the triangle formed by these lines and
the x-axis and shade the triangular region.
Solution:
𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 + 1 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑦𝑦 − 1
𝑥𝑥 0 −1
𝑦𝑦 1 0
12 − 2y
3x + 2y − 12 = 0 ⇒ x =
3
𝑥𝑥 4 0
𝑦𝑦 0 6

Now, we have drawn these two equations on graph. Shaded part represents the
triangle formed by given two lines and the x −axis:
In the graph, we can observe that the coordinates of the vertices of the triangle are
(2, 3), (−1, 0), and (4, 0).
♦ ♦ ♦
EXERCISE 3.3
1. Solve the following pair of linear equations by the substitution method.
(i) 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 14 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 = 4
(ii) 𝑠𝑠 − 𝑡𝑡 = 3 𝑠𝑠 𝑡𝑡
+ =6
3 2
(iii) 3𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 = 3 9𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦 = 9
(iv) 0.2𝑥𝑥 + 0.3𝑦𝑦 = 1.3 0.4𝑥𝑥 + 0.5𝑦𝑦 = 2.3
(v) √2 𝑥𝑥 + √3 𝑦𝑦 = 0 √3 𝑥𝑥 − √8 𝑦𝑦 = 0
(vi) 3𝑥𝑥 5𝑦𝑦 𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 13
− = −2 + =
2 3 3 2 6

Solution;
(i) 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 14 … (i)
𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 = 4 … (ii)
From (i), we get:
𝑥𝑥 = 14 − 𝑦𝑦 … (iii)
Substituting the value of 𝑥𝑥 in equation (ii), we get:
(14 − 𝑦𝑦) − 𝑦𝑦 = 4
⇒ 14 − 2𝑦𝑦 = 4
⇒ 10 = 2𝑦𝑦
⇒ 𝑦𝑦 = 5
Substituting the value of 𝑦𝑦 in equation (iii), we get:
𝑥𝑥 = 9 ∴ 𝑥𝑥 = 9, 𝑦𝑦 = 5
(ii) 𝑠𝑠 − 𝑡𝑡 = 3 … (i)
𝑠𝑠 𝑡𝑡
+ = 6 … (ii)
3 2
From (i), we get:
(iii) 𝑠𝑠 = 𝑡𝑡 + 3 … (iii)
𝑡𝑡+3 𝑡𝑡
Substituting the value of 𝑠𝑠 in equation (iii), we get: 3
+2=6
⇒ 2𝑡𝑡 + 6 + 3𝑡𝑡 = 36
⇒ 5𝑡𝑡 = 30
⇒ 𝑡𝑡 = 6
Substituting the value of t in equation (iii), we get:
𝑠𝑠 = 9
∴ 𝑠𝑠 = 9, 𝑡𝑡 = 6
(iv) 3𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 = 3 … (i)

9𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦 = 9 … (ii)
From (I), we get

𝑦𝑦 = 3𝑥𝑥 − 3 … (iii)
Substituting the value of 𝑦𝑦 in equation (ii), we get:
(v) 9𝑥𝑥 − 3(3𝑥𝑥 − 3) = 9
⇒ 9𝑥𝑥 − 9𝑥𝑥 = 9
⇒9 = 9
This is always true.
Hence, the given pair of equations has infinitely many solutions and
variables are related as
𝑦𝑦 = 3𝑥𝑥 − 3
(vi) 0.2𝑥𝑥 + 0.3𝑦𝑦 = 1.3 … (i)

0.4𝑥𝑥 + 0.5𝑦𝑦 = 2.3 … (ii)
From (i), we get:
1.3 − 0.3𝑦𝑦
𝑥𝑥 = … (iii)
0.2
1.3 − 0.3𝑦𝑦
0.4 � � + 0.5𝑦𝑦 = 2.3
0.2
⇒ 2.6 − 0.6𝑦𝑦 + 0.5𝑦𝑦 = 2.3
⇒ 2.6 − 2.3 = 0.1𝑦𝑦
⇒ 0.3 = 0.1𝑦𝑦
⇒ 𝑦𝑦 = 3
1.3 − 0.3 × 3 0.4
𝑥𝑥 = = =2
0.2 0.2
∴ 𝑥𝑥 = 2, 𝑦𝑦 = 3
(v) √2𝑥𝑥 + √3𝑦𝑦 = 0. . . (i)

√3𝑥𝑥 − √8𝑦𝑦 = 0. . . (ii)
From equation (i), we get:

−√3𝑦𝑦
𝑥𝑥 = . . . (iii)
√2
√3𝑦𝑦
√3 �− � − √8𝑦𝑦 = 0
√2
3𝑦𝑦
⇒− − 2√2𝑦𝑦 = 0
√2
3
⇒ 𝑦𝑦 �− − 2√2� = 0
√2
⇒ 𝑦𝑦 = 0
Substituting the value of 𝑦𝑦 in equation (iii),we get:
𝑥𝑥 = 0
∴ 𝑥𝑥 = 0, 𝑦𝑦 = 0
3 5
(vi) 2
𝑥𝑥 − 3 𝑦𝑦 = −2. . . (i)
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 13
+ = . . . (ii)
3 2 6
From equation (i), we get:
9𝑥𝑥 − 10𝑦𝑦 = −12
−12 + 10𝑦𝑦
⇒ 𝑥𝑥 = … (iii)
9
−12+10𝑦𝑦
9 𝑦𝑦 13
= +
3 2 6
−24 + 20𝑦𝑦 + 27y 13
⇒ =
54 6
⇒ −24 + 47𝑦𝑦 = 13 × 9
⇒ 47𝑦𝑦 = 117 + 24
⇒ 47𝑦𝑦 = 141
⇒ 𝑦𝑦 = 3
Substituting the value of y in equation (iii), we get:

−12 + 10 × 3
𝑥𝑥 = =2
9
∴ 𝑥𝑥 = 2, 𝑦𝑦 = 3
2. Solve 2𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑦𝑦 = 11 and 2𝑥𝑥 − 4𝑦𝑦 = −24 and hence find the value of ‘𝑚𝑚’ for
which 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 + 3.
Solution:
2𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑦𝑦 = 11 . . . (i)
2𝑥𝑥 − 4𝑦𝑦 = −24. . . (ii)
Form equation (i), we get:
11 − 3𝑦𝑦
𝑥𝑥 = … (iii)
2
11 − 3𝑦𝑦
2� � − 4𝑦𝑦 = −24
2
⇒ 11 − 3𝑦𝑦 − 4𝑦𝑦 = −24
⇒ −7𝑦𝑦 = −35
⇒ 𝑦𝑦 = 5
11 − 3 × 5
𝑥𝑥 = = −2
2
∴ 𝑥𝑥 = −2, 𝑦𝑦 = 5
Given, 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 + 3
⇒ 5 = −2𝑚𝑚 + 3
⇒ −2𝑚𝑚 = 2
⇒ 𝑚𝑚 = −1
Hence, 𝑚𝑚 = −1.
3. Form the pair of linear equations for the following problems and find their
solution by substitution method.
(i) The difference between two numbers is 26 and one number is three times
the other. Find them.

(ii) The larger of two supplementary angles exceeds the smaller by

18 degrees. Find them.
(ii) The coach of a cricket team buys 7 bats and 6 balls for ₹ 3800. Later, she
buys 3 bats and 5 balls for ₹ 1750. Find the cost of each bat and each ball.
(iv) The taxi charges in a city consist of a fixed charge together with the
charge for the distance covered. For a distance of 10 km, the charge paid
is ₹ 105 and for a journey of 15 km, the charge paid is ₹ 155. What are
the fixed charges and the charge per km? How much does a person have to
pay for travelling a distance of 25 km?
9
(vii) A fraction becomes 11, if 2 is added to both the numerator and the
denominator. If, 3 is added to both the numerator and the denominator it
5
becomes 6. Find the fraction.
(viii) Five years hence, the age of Jacob will be three times that of his son. Five
years ago, Jacob’s age was seven times that of his son. What are their
present ages?
Solution:
(i) Let two numbers are x and y such that y > x.
As per the question:
𝑦𝑦 = 3𝑥𝑥 . . . . (1)
𝑦𝑦 − 𝑥𝑥 = 26 . . . . (2)
On substituting the value of 𝑦𝑦 from equation (1) into equation (2), we get
26 + 𝑥𝑥 = 3𝑥𝑥
⇒ 3𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥 = 26
⇒ x = 13 . . . (3)
Substituting the value of 𝑥𝑥 in equation (1), we get
y = 39
Hence, two numbers are 13 and 39.
(ii) Let larger angle be x and smaller angle be 𝑦𝑦
As we know, the sum of supplementary angles is always 180°.
Hence, as per the question,
𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 180 … (1)
𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 = 18 … (2)

From (1), we get

𝑥𝑥 = 180° − 𝑦𝑦 … (3)
Substituting 𝑥𝑥 in equation (2), we obtain
180o − 𝑦𝑦 − 𝑦𝑦 = 18°
⇒ 162o = 2𝑦𝑦
⇒ 81o = 𝑦𝑦 … (4)
Putting this in equation (3), we obtain
𝑥𝑥 = 180𝑜𝑜 − 81𝑜𝑜 = 99𝑜𝑜
Hence, the angles are 99and 81°.
(iii) Let the cost of a bat be 𝑥𝑥 and a ball be 𝑦𝑦
As per the given information,
7𝑥𝑥 + 6𝑦𝑦 = 3800 … (1)
3𝑥𝑥 + 5𝑦𝑦 = 1750 … (2)
From (1), we get
3800 − 7𝑥𝑥
𝑦𝑦 = … (3)
6
Substituting 𝑥𝑥 in equation (2), we get
3800 − 7𝑥𝑥
3𝑥𝑥 + 5 � � = 1750
6
9500 35𝑥𝑥
⇒ 3𝑥𝑥 + − = 1750
3 6
35𝑥𝑥 9500
⇒ 3𝑥𝑥 − = 1750 −
6 3
18𝑥𝑥 − 35𝑥𝑥 5250 − 9500
⇒ =
6 3
17𝑥𝑥 −4250
⇒− =
6 3
⇒ −17𝑥𝑥 = −8500
⇒ 𝑥𝑥 = 500 … (4)
Substituting this in equation (3), we get
3800 − 7 × 500
𝑦𝑦 = = 50
6

Hence, the cost of a bat is ₹ 500 and that of a ball is ₹ 50.

(iv) Let the fixed charge be ₹ x and charge per Km be ₹ y.
𝑥𝑥 + 10𝑦𝑦 = 105 … (1)
𝑥𝑥 + 15𝑦𝑦 = 155 … (2)
From (1), we get
𝑥𝑥 = 105 − 10𝑦𝑦 … (3)
Substituting this in equation (2), we get
105 − 10𝑦𝑦 + 15𝑦𝑦 = 155
⇒ 5𝑦𝑦 = 50
⇒ 𝑦𝑦 = 10 … (4)
Putting 𝑦𝑦 in equation (3), we get
𝑥𝑥 = 105 − 10 × 10
𝑥𝑥 = 5
Hence, fixed charge = ₹ 5
And per Km charge = ₹ 10
Hence, charge for 25 km = 𝑥𝑥 + 25𝑦𝑦
= 5 + 250 = ₹ 255
𝑥𝑥
(v) Let the fraction be 𝑦𝑦
𝑥𝑥+2 9
As per the given information, 𝑦𝑦+2 = 11
⇒ 11𝑥𝑥 + 22 = 9𝑦𝑦 + 18
⇒ 11𝑥𝑥 − 9𝑦𝑦 = −4 … (1)
𝑥𝑥 + 3 5
=
𝑦𝑦 + 3 6
⇒ 6𝑥𝑥 + 18 = 5𝑦𝑦 + 15
⇒ 6𝑥𝑥 − 5𝑦𝑦 = −3 … (2)
−4+9𝑦𝑦
From equation (1), we get 𝑥𝑥 = 11
… (3)

−4 + 9𝑦𝑦
6� � − 5𝑦𝑦 = −3
11

⇒ −24 + 54𝑦𝑦 − 55𝑦𝑦 = −33

⇒ −𝑦𝑦 = −9
⇒ 𝑦𝑦 = 9 … (4)
Substituting 𝑦𝑦 in equation (3), we obtain
−4 + 81
𝑥𝑥 = =7
11
7
Hence, the fraction is 9.
(vi) Let the age of Jacob be 𝑥𝑥 and the age of his son be 𝑦𝑦
As per the given information,
(𝑥𝑥 + 5) = 3(𝑦𝑦 + 5)
⇒ 𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦 = 10 … (1)
(𝑥𝑥 − 5) = 7(𝑦𝑦 − 5)
⇒ 𝑥𝑥 − 7𝑦𝑦 = −30 … (2)
From (1), we get
𝑥𝑥 = 3𝑦𝑦 + 10 … (3)
3𝑦𝑦 + 10 − 7𝑦𝑦 = −30
⇒ −4𝑦𝑦 = −40
⇒ 𝑦𝑦 = 10 … (4)
Substituting 𝑦𝑦 in equation (3), we get
𝑥𝑥 = 3 × 10 + 10 = 40
Hence, the present age of Jacob is 40 years and the present age of his son
is 10 years.
♦ ♦ ♦
EXERCISE 3.4
1. Solve the following pair of linear equations by the elimination method and the
substitution method:
(i) 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 5 and 2𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦 = 4
(ii) 3𝑥𝑥 + 4𝑦𝑦 = 10 and 2𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑦 = 2

(iii) 3𝑥𝑥 − 5𝑦𝑦 − 4 = 0 and 9𝑥𝑥 = 2𝑦𝑦 + 7

𝑥𝑥 2𝑦𝑦 𝑦𝑦
(iv) 2
+ 3
= −1 and 𝑥𝑥 − 3 = 3
Solution:
(i) Elimination method:
𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 5 … (1)
2𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦 = 4 … (2)
Multiplying equation (1) by 3, we get:
3𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑦𝑦 = 15 … (3)
Adding equation (2) and (3), we get:
5𝑥𝑥 = 19
19
⇒ 𝑥𝑥 =
5
Substituting 𝑥𝑥 in equation (1), we get:
19 6
𝑦𝑦 = 5 − =
5 5
19 6
∴ 𝑥𝑥 = , 𝑦𝑦 =
5 5
Substitution method:
From equation (1), we get:
𝑥𝑥 = 5 − 𝑦𝑦 … (4)
Putting 𝑥𝑥 in equation (2), we get:
2(5 − 𝑦𝑦) − 3𝑦𝑦 = 4
−5𝑦𝑦 = −6
6
𝑦𝑦 =
5
Putting 𝑦𝑦 in equation (4), we get:
6 19
𝑥𝑥 = 5 − =
5 5
6 19
Hence, 𝑥𝑥 = 5 , 𝑦𝑦 = 5
(ii) Elimination method:

3𝑥𝑥 + 4𝑦𝑦 = 10 … (1)

2𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑦 = 2 … (2)
4𝑥𝑥 − 4𝑦𝑦 = 4 . . . (3)
7𝑥𝑥 = 14
⇒ 𝑥𝑥 = 2
Putting x in equation (1), we get:
6 + 4𝑦𝑦 = 10
⇒ 4𝑦𝑦 = 4
⇒ 𝑦𝑦 = 1
Hence, 𝑥𝑥 = 2, 𝑦𝑦 = 1
𝑥𝑥 = 𝑦𝑦 + 1 … (4)
3(𝑦𝑦 + 1) + 4𝑦𝑦 = 10
⇒ 7𝑦𝑦 = 7
⇒ 𝑦𝑦 = 1
Putting y in equation (4), we get:
𝑥𝑥 = 1 + 1 = 2
∴ 𝑥𝑥 = 2, 𝑦𝑦 = 1
(iii) Elimination method:

3𝑥𝑥 − 5𝑦𝑦 − 4 = 0 … (1)
9𝑥𝑥 = 2𝑦𝑦 + 7
⇒ 9𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑦 − 7 = 0 … (2)

9𝑥𝑥 − 15𝑦𝑦 − 12 = 0 … (3)

Subtracting equation (2) from equation (3), we get:
13𝑦𝑦 = −5
5
⇒ 𝑦𝑦 = −
13
25
3𝑥𝑥 + −4=0
12
9
⇒ 𝑥𝑥 =
13
9 5
∴ 𝑥𝑥 = , 𝑦𝑦 = −
13 13
5𝑦𝑦 + 4
𝑥𝑥 = … (4)
3
5𝑦𝑦 + 4
9� � − 2𝑦𝑦 − 7 = 0
3
13𝑦𝑦 = −5
5
𝑦𝑦 = −
13
5
5 �− 13� + 4
𝑥𝑥 =
3
9
𝑥𝑥 =
13
9 −5
∴ 𝑥𝑥 = , 𝑦𝑦 =
13 13
(iv) Elimination method:

𝑥𝑥 2𝑦𝑦
+ = −1 … (1)
2 3
𝑦𝑦
𝑥𝑥 − = 3 … (2)
3
2𝑦𝑦
2𝑥𝑥 − = 6 … (3)
3
5𝑥𝑥
=5
2
⇒ 𝑥𝑥 = 2
2𝑦𝑦
1+ = −1
3
⇒ 𝑦𝑦 = −3
∴ 𝑥𝑥 = 2, 𝑦𝑦 = −3
𝑦𝑦 = 3𝑥𝑥 − 9 … (3)
𝑥𝑥 2(3𝑥𝑥 − 9)
+ = −1
2 3
⇒ 3𝑥𝑥 + 4(3𝑥𝑥 − 9) = −6
⇒ 15𝑥𝑥 = 30
⇒ 𝑥𝑥 = 2
𝑦𝑦 = 6 − 9 = −3
∴ 𝑥𝑥 = 2, 𝑦𝑦 = −3
Note: Solution must be same in both the cases.

2. Form the pair of linear equations in the following problems, and find their
solutions (if they exist) by the elimination method:
(i) If we add 1 to the numerator and subtract 1 from the denominator, a
1
fraction reduces to 1. It becomes 2 if we only add 1 to the denominator.
What is the fraction?
(ii) Five years ago, Nuri was thrice as old as Sonu. Ten years later, Nuri will
be twice as old as Sonu. How old are Nuri and Sonu?
(iv) The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 9. Also, nine times this
number is twice the number obtained by reversing the order of the digits.
Find the number.
(iv) Meena went to a bank to withdraw ₹ 2000. She asked the cashier to give
her ₹ 50 and ₹ 100 notes only. Meena got 25 notes in all. Find how many
notes of ₹ 50 and ₹ 100 she received.
(iv) A lending library has a fixed charge for the first three days and an
additional charge for each day thereafter. Saritha paid ₹ 27 for a book kept
for seven days, while Susy paid ₹ 21 for the book she kept for five days.
Find the fixed charge and the charge for each extra day.
Solution:
𝑥𝑥
(i) Let the fraction be 𝑦𝑦
𝑥𝑥 + 1
=1
𝑦𝑦 − 1
⇒ 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 = −2 … (1)
𝑥𝑥 1
=
𝑦𝑦 + 1 2
⇒ 2𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 = 1 … (2)
As per the question, subtracting equation (1) from equation (2), we
get:𝑥𝑥 = 3
6 − 𝑦𝑦 = 1
⇒ −𝑦𝑦 = −5
⇒ 𝑦𝑦 = 5
3
Hence, the fraction is 5.

(ii) Let present age of Nuri be x and Sonu be y.

As per the question,
(𝑥𝑥 − 5) = 3(𝑦𝑦 − 5)
⇒ 𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦 = −10. . . (1)
(𝑥𝑥 + 10) = 2(𝑦𝑦 + 10)
⇒ 𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑦 = 10 … (2)
y = 20
Putting the value of y in equation (2), we get:
𝑥𝑥 − 40 = 10
⇒ 𝑥𝑥 = 50
Hence, the age of Nuri is 50 years and the age of Sonu is 20 years.
(iii) Let the unit digit of the number be 𝑥𝑥 and tens digit of the number be 𝑦𝑦
respectively.
Hence, number = 10𝑦𝑦 + 𝑥𝑥
After reversing the digits, number = 10𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦
𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 9 … (1)
9(10𝑦𝑦 + 𝑥𝑥) = 2(10𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦)
⇒ 88𝑦𝑦 − 11𝑥𝑥 = 0
⇒ − 𝑥𝑥 + 8𝑦𝑦 = 0 … (2)
Adding equations (1) and (2), we get:
9𝑦𝑦 = 9
⇒ 𝑦𝑦 = 1
𝑥𝑥 = 8
Hence, the number is 10𝑦𝑦 + 𝑥𝑥 = 10 × 1 + 8 = 18
(v) Let the number of ₹ 50 notes be 𝑥𝑥 and number of ₹ 100 notes be y.
(vi) As per the question,

𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 25 … (1)
50𝑥𝑥 + 100𝑦𝑦 = 2000
⇒ 𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 = 40 … (2)
𝑦𝑦 = 15
𝑥𝑥 = 10
Hence, Meena received 10 notes of ₹ 50 and 15 notes of ₹ 100.
(vii) Let the fixed charge for first three days be ₹ 𝑥𝑥 and each day charge
thereafter be ₹ 𝑦𝑦.
𝑥𝑥 + 4𝑦𝑦 = 27 . . . (1)
𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 = 21 . . . (2)
2𝑦𝑦 = 6
⇒ 𝑦𝑦 = 3
𝑥𝑥 + 6 = 21
⇒ 𝑥𝑥 = 15
Hence, the fixed charge is ₹ 15 and each day charge thereafter is ₹ 3.
♦ ♦ ♦
EXERCISE 3.5
1. Which of the following pair of linear equation has unique solution, no solution, or
infinitely many solutions. In case there is a unique solution, find it by using cross
multiplication method.
(i) 𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦 − 3 = 0 3𝑥𝑥 − 9𝑦𝑦 − 2 = 0
(ii) 2𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 5 3𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑦𝑦 = 8

(iii) 3𝑥𝑥 − 5𝑦𝑦 = 20 6𝑥𝑥 − 10𝑦𝑦 = 40

(iv) 𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦 − 7 = 0 3𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦 − 15 = 0
Solution:
(i) 𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦 − 3 = 0
3𝑥𝑥 − 9𝑦𝑦 − 2 = 0
Here, 𝑎𝑎1 = 1, 𝑏𝑏1 = −3, 𝑐𝑐1 = −3
𝑎𝑎2 = 3, 𝑏𝑏2 = −9, 𝑐𝑐2 = −2
𝑎𝑎1 1 𝑏𝑏1 −3 1 𝑐𝑐1 −3 3
= , = = , = =
𝑎𝑎2 3 𝑏𝑏2 −9 3 𝑐𝑐2 −2 2
Since, 𝑎𝑎1 = 𝑏𝑏1 ≠ 𝑐𝑐1
2 2 2
Hence, the given pair of equations has no solution.

(ii) 2𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 5
⇒ 2𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 − 5 = 0 … (1)
3𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 = 8
⇒ 3𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 − 8 = 0 … (2)
Here, 𝑎𝑎1 = 2, 𝑏𝑏1 = 1, 𝑐𝑐1 = −5
𝑎𝑎2 = 3, 𝑏𝑏2 = 2, 𝑐𝑐2 = −8
𝑎𝑎1 2 𝑏𝑏1 1 𝑐𝑐1 −5 5
= , = , = =
𝑎𝑎2 3 𝑏𝑏2 2 𝑐𝑐2 −8 8
𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏
Since, 𝑎𝑎1 ≠ 𝑏𝑏1
2 2
Hence, the given pair of equations has unique solution.

Now, using cross-multiplication method we know that,
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 1
= =
𝑏𝑏1 𝑐𝑐2 − 𝑏𝑏2 𝑐𝑐1 𝑐𝑐1 𝑎𝑎2 − 𝑐𝑐2 𝑎𝑎1 𝑎𝑎1 𝑏𝑏2 − 𝑎𝑎2 𝑏𝑏1
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 1
⇒ = =
−8 − (−10) −15 − (−16) 4 − 3
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 1
⇒ = =
2 1 1
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦
⇒ = 1, = 1
2 1

∴ 𝑥𝑥 = 2, 𝑦𝑦 =1
(iii) 3𝑥𝑥 − 5𝑦𝑦 = 20

⇒ 3𝑥𝑥 − 5𝑦𝑦 − 20 = 0 … (1)
6𝑥𝑥 − 10𝑦𝑦 = 40
⇒ 6𝑥𝑥 − 10𝑦𝑦 − 40 = 0 … (2)
Here, 𝑎𝑎1 = 3, 𝑏𝑏1 = −5, 𝑐𝑐1 = −20
𝑎𝑎2 = 6, 𝑏𝑏2 = −10, 𝑐𝑐2 = −40
𝑎𝑎1 3 1 𝑏𝑏1 −5 1 𝑐𝑐1 −20 1
= = , = = , = =
𝑎𝑎2 6 2 𝑏𝑏2 −10 2 𝑐𝑐2 −40 2
Since, 𝑎𝑎1 = 𝑏𝑏1 = 𝑐𝑐1
2 2 2
Hence, the given pair of equations has infinite solutions.

The solution will be found by assuming the value of 𝑥𝑥 to be 𝑘𝑘. Hence the
3𝑘𝑘−20
ordered pair �𝑘𝑘, 5 �, where 𝑘𝑘 is a constant, are the solutions of the
given pair of equations.
(vi) 𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦 − 7 = 0
3𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦 − 15 = 0
Here, 𝑎𝑎1 = 1, 𝑏𝑏1 = −3, 𝑐𝑐1 = −7
𝑎𝑎2 = 3, 𝑏𝑏2 = −3, 𝑐𝑐2 = −15
𝑎𝑎1 1 𝑏𝑏1 −3 𝑐𝑐1 −7 7
= , = = 1, = = ,
𝑎𝑎2 3 𝑏𝑏2 −3 𝑐𝑐2 −15 15
𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏
Since, 𝑎𝑎1 ≠ 𝑏𝑏1
2 2
Hence, the given pair of equations has unique solution.

Now, using cross-multiplication method we know that,
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 1
= =
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 1
⇒ = =
45 − (21) −21 − (−15) −3 − (−9)
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 1
⇒ = =
24 −6 6

𝑥𝑥 1 𝑦𝑦 1
⇒ 24 = 6 and −6
=6
∴ 𝑥𝑥 = 4, 𝑦𝑦 = −1
2. (i) For which values of 𝑎𝑎 and 𝑏𝑏 does the following pair of linear equations
have an infinite number of solutions?
2𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑦𝑦 = 7
(𝑎𝑎 − 𝑏𝑏)𝑥𝑥 + (𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏)𝑦𝑦 = 3𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 − 2
(ii) For which value of 𝑘𝑘 will the following pair of linear equations have no
solution?
3𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 1
(2𝑘𝑘 − 1)𝑥𝑥 + (𝑘𝑘 − 1)𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑘𝑘 + 1
Solution:
(i) 2𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑦𝑦 = 7
⇒ 2𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑦𝑦 − 7 = 0 … (1)
(𝑎𝑎 − 𝑏𝑏)𝑥𝑥 + (𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏)𝑦𝑦 = 3𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 − 2
⇒ (𝑎𝑎 − 𝑏𝑏)𝑥𝑥 + (𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏)𝑦𝑦 − (3𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 − 2) = 0 … (2)
Here, 𝑎𝑎1 = 2, 𝑏𝑏1 = 3, 𝑐𝑐1 = −7
𝑎𝑎2 = (𝑎𝑎 − 𝑏𝑏), 𝑏𝑏2 = (𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏), 𝑐𝑐2 = −(3𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 − 2)
𝑎𝑎1 2 𝑏𝑏1 3 𝑐𝑐1 −7 7
= ,  = , = =
𝑎𝑎2 𝑎𝑎 − 𝑏𝑏 𝑏𝑏2 𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 𝑐𝑐2 −(3𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 − 2) (3𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 − 2)
As we know that, for the equations to have infinitely many solutions:
= =
2 7
Hence, 𝑎𝑎−𝑏𝑏 = 3𝑎𝑎+𝑏𝑏−2
⇒ 6𝑎𝑎 + 2𝑏𝑏 − 4 = 7𝑎𝑎 − 7𝑏𝑏

⇒ 𝑎𝑎 − 9𝑏𝑏 + 4 = 0 … (3)
2 3
And 𝑎𝑎−𝑏𝑏 = 𝑎𝑎+𝑏𝑏
⇒ 2𝑎𝑎 + 2𝑏𝑏 = 3𝑎𝑎 − 3𝑏𝑏

⇒ 𝑎𝑎 − 5𝑏𝑏 = 0 … (4)
Now, using cross-multiplication method in equation (3) and (4),

𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏 1
= =
0 − (−20) 4 − 0 −5 − (−9)
𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏 1
⇒ = =
20 4 4
⇒ 𝑎𝑎 = 5, 𝑏𝑏 = 1
Hence, the values of 𝑎𝑎 and 𝑏𝑏 are 5 and 1 respectively.
(ii) 3𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 1
⇒ 3𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 − 1 = 0 … (1)
(2𝑘𝑘 − 1)𝑥𝑥 + (𝑘𝑘 − 1)𝑦𝑦 = (2𝑘𝑘 + 1)

⇒ (2𝑘𝑘 − 1)𝑥𝑥 + (𝑘𝑘 − 1)𝑦𝑦 − (2𝑘𝑘 + 1) = 0 … (2)
Here, 𝑎𝑎1 = 3, 𝑏𝑏1 = 1, 𝑐𝑐1 = −1

𝑎𝑎2 = (2𝑘𝑘 − 1), 𝑏𝑏2 = (𝑘𝑘 − 1), 𝑐𝑐2 = −(2𝑘𝑘 + 1)
𝑎𝑎1 3 𝑏𝑏1 1 𝑐𝑐1 −1 1
= , = , = = ,
𝑎𝑎2 2𝑘𝑘 − 1 𝑏𝑏2 𝑘𝑘 − 1 𝑐𝑐2 −2𝑘𝑘 − 1 2𝑘𝑘 + 1
As we know that, for the equations to have no solutions:
= ≠
3 1 1
⇒ = ≠
2𝑘𝑘 − 1 𝑘𝑘 − 1 2𝑘𝑘 + 1
3 1
⇒ =
2𝑘𝑘 − 1 𝑘𝑘 − 1
⇒ 3𝑘𝑘 − 3 = 2𝑘𝑘 − 1
⇒ 𝑘𝑘 = 2
3 1 1 1
Again for 𝑘𝑘 = 2, 2𝑘𝑘−1 = 𝑘𝑘−1 = 1 but 2𝑘𝑘+1 = 5
1
Since, 1 ≠ 5
Hence, the values of 𝑘𝑘 is 2 for no solution.

3. Solve the following pair of linear equations by the substitution and cross-
multiplication methods:
8𝑥𝑥 + 5𝑦𝑦 = 9
3𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 = 4
Solution:
8𝑥𝑥 + 5𝑦𝑦 = 9 … (1)
3𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 = 4 … (2)
4 − 3𝑥𝑥
𝑦𝑦 = …(3)
2
4 − 3𝑥𝑥
8𝑥𝑥 + 5 � �=9
2
⇒ 16𝑥𝑥 + 20 − 15𝑥𝑥 = 18
So, 𝑥𝑥 = −2
Putting 𝑥𝑥 = −2 in (3), we get
4 − 3 × −2
𝑦𝑦 = � �=5
2
∴ 𝑥𝑥 = −2, 𝑦𝑦 = 5
Cross-multiplication method:
8𝑥𝑥 + 5𝑦𝑦 − 9 = 0
3𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 − 4 = 0
Here, 𝑎𝑎1 = 8, 𝑏𝑏1 = 5, 𝑐𝑐1 = −9
𝑎𝑎2 = 3, 𝑏𝑏2 = 2, 𝑐𝑐2 = −4
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 1
= =
−20 − (−18) −27 − (−32) 16 − 15
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 1
⇒ = =
−2 5 1
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦
⇒ −2 = 1 and 5 = 1
⇒ 𝑥𝑥 = −2 and 𝑦𝑦 = 5

4. Form the pair of linear equations in the following problems and find their
solutions (if they exist) by any algebraic method:
(i) A part of monthly hostel charges is fixed and the remaining depends on
the number of days one has taken food in the mess. When a student A
takes food for 20 days she has to pay ₹ 1000 as hostel charges whereas a
student B, who takes food for 26 days, pays ₹ 1180 as hostel charges.
Find the fixed charges and the cost of food per day.
1
(ii) A fraction becomes 3
when 1 is subtracted from the numerator and it
1
becomes 4 when 8 is added to its denominator. Find the fraction.
(iii) Yash scored 40 marks in a test, getting 3 marks for each right answer and
losing 1 mark for each wrong answer. Had 4 marks been awarded for each
correct answer and 2 marks been deducted for each incorrect answer, then
Yash would have scored 50 marks. How many questions were there in the
test?
(iv) Places A and B are 100 km apart on a highway. One car starts from A and
another from B at the same time. If the cars travel in the same direction at
different speeds, they meet in 5 hours. If they travel towards each other,
they meet in 1 hour. What are the speeds of the two cars?
(iv) The area of a rectangle gets reduced by 9 square units, if its length is
reduced by 5 units and breadth is increased by 3 units. If we increase the
length by 3 units and the breadth by 2 units, the area increases by 67
square units. Find the dimensions of the rectangle.
Solution:
(i) Let the fixed charge of the food be x and the charge for food per day be y.
x + 20y = 1000 . . . (1)
x + 26y = 1180 . . . (2)
6y = 180
⇒ y = 30
x + 26 × 30 = 1180
⇒ x = 1180 − 780
⇒ x = 400

Hence, the fixed charge of the food and the charge per day are ₹ 400 and
₹ 30 respectively.
x
(ii) Let the fraction be y

x−1 1
y
=3
⇒ 3x − y = 3 . . . (1)
x 1
y+8
=4
⇒ 4x − y = 8 . . . (2)
x=5
20 − y = 8
⇒ y = 12
5
Hence, the fraction is 12
(iii) Let the number of right answers be x and number of wrong answers be y.
3x − y = 40 … (1)
4x − 2y = 50
⇒ 2𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 = 25 . . . . (2)
x = 15
30 − y = 25
y=5
Hence, the number of right answers and the number of wrong answers is
15 and 5 respectively.
Hence, the total number of questions is 20.

(iv) Let the speed of first car be u km/h and speed of second car be v km/h
respectively.
Speed of both cars while they are travelling in same direction = (u −
v) km/h
Speed of both cars while they are travelling in opposite directions i.e.,
when they are travelling towards each other = (u + v)km/h
Distance travelled = speed × Time
5(u − v) = 100
⇒ u − v = 20 . . . (1)
1(u + v) = 100
⇒ u + v = 100 . . . (2)
2u = 120
⇒ u = 60
Putting u in equation (2), we get:
v = 40
Hence, speed of the first car is 60 km/h and speed of the second car is
40 km/h.
(v) Let length of rectangle be x units and breadth of rectangle be y units.

Hence, area = xy
(x − 5)(y + 3) = xy − 9
⇒ 3𝑥𝑥 − 5𝑦𝑦 − 6 = 0 … (1)
(x + 3)(y + 2) = xy + 67
⇒ 2𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑦𝑦 − 61 = 0 … (2)
Using cross-multiplication method,
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 1
= =

we get:
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 1
= =
305 − (−18) −12 − (−183) 9 − (−10)
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 1
⇒ = =
323 171 19
⇒ 𝑥𝑥 = 17, 𝑦𝑦 = 9
Hence, the length and breadth of the rectangle are 17 units and 9 units
respectively.
EXERCISE 3.6
1. Solve the following pairs of equations by reducing them to a pair of linear
equations:
(i) 1 1 1 1 13
+ =2 + =
2𝑥𝑥 3𝑦𝑦 3𝑥𝑥 2𝑦𝑦 6
(ii) 2 3 4 9
+ =2 − = −1
√𝑥𝑥 �𝑦𝑦 √𝑥𝑥 �𝑦𝑦
(iii) 4 3
+ 3𝑦𝑦 = 14 − 4𝑦𝑦 = 23
𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥
(iv) 5 1 6 3
+ =2 − =1
𝑥𝑥 − 1 𝑦𝑦 − 2 𝑥𝑥 − 1 𝑦𝑦 − 2
(v) 7𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑦 8𝑥𝑥 + 7𝑦𝑦
=5 = 15
𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥
(vi) 6𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑦𝑦 = 6𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 2𝑥𝑥 + 4𝑦𝑦 = 5𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥
(vii) 10 2 15 5
+ =4 − = −2
𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦
(viii) 1 1 3 1 1 −1
+ = − =
3𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 3𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 4 2(3𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦) 2(3𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦) 8

Solutions:
1 1
(i) 2𝑥𝑥
+ 3𝑦𝑦 = 2
1 1 13
3𝑥𝑥
+ 2𝑦𝑦 = 6
1 1
Let 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑝𝑝 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑦𝑦
= 𝑞𝑞
Hence both equations convert to:

𝑝𝑝 𝑞𝑞
2
+3=2
⇒ 3p + 2q − 12 = 0. . . (1)
𝑝𝑝 𝑞𝑞 13
3
+2= 6
⇒ 2𝑝𝑝 + 3𝑞𝑞 − 13 = 0 . . . (2)

Using cross-multiplication method, we get:
𝑝𝑝 𝑞𝑞 1
−26−(−36)
= −24−(−39) = 9−4
𝑝𝑝 𝑞𝑞 1
⇒ 10 = 15 = 5
⇒ 𝑝𝑝 = 2, 𝑞𝑞 = 3
1 1
∵ 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑝𝑝 = 2, 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑞𝑞 = 3
1 1
Hence, 𝑥𝑥 = 2 , 𝑦𝑦 = 3
2 3
(ii) + =2
√𝑥𝑥 √𝑦𝑦
4 9
− = −1

1 1
let = 𝑝𝑝 and = 𝑞𝑞

2𝑝𝑝 + 3𝑞𝑞 = 2 . . . (1)
4𝑝𝑝 − 9𝑞𝑞 = −1 . . . (2)
4𝑝𝑝 + 6𝑞𝑞 = 4 . . . (3)
15𝑞𝑞 = 5
1
⇒ 𝑞𝑞 = 3
Putting the value of 𝑞𝑞 in equation (1), we get:

1
2𝑝𝑝 + 3 × 3 = 2
⇒ 2p = 1
1
⇒ 𝑝𝑝 = 2
1 1
Since, 𝑝𝑝 = =2
√𝑥𝑥
⇒ √𝑥𝑥 = 2
⇒x=4
1 1
𝑞𝑞 = =3
√𝑦𝑦
⇒ �𝑦𝑦 = 3
⇒y=9
∴ 𝑥𝑥 = 4, 𝑦𝑦 = 9
4
(iii) 𝑥𝑥
+ 3𝑦𝑦 = 14
3
𝑥𝑥
− 4𝑦𝑦 = 23
1
Let 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑝𝑝

4p + 3y = 14

⇒ 4𝑝𝑝 + 3𝑦𝑦 − 14 = 0 . . . (1)

3p − 4y = 23
⇒ 3𝑝𝑝 − 4𝑦𝑦 − 23 = 0 . . . (2)
𝑝𝑝 𝑦𝑦 1
−69−56
= −42−(−92) = −16−9
𝑝𝑝 𝑦𝑦 −1
⇒ −125 = 50 = 25
𝑝𝑝 −1 𝑦𝑦 −1
⇒ −125 = 25 50
, = 25
⇒ p = 5, y = −2
1
Since, 𝑝𝑝 = 𝑥𝑥 = 5
1
⇒ 𝑥𝑥 = 5 and y = −2
5 1
(iv) 𝑥𝑥−1
+ 𝑦𝑦−2 = 2
6 3
𝑥𝑥−1
− 𝑦𝑦−2 = 1
1 1
Let 𝑥𝑥−1
= 𝑝𝑝 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑦𝑦−2 = 𝑞𝑞

5p + q = 2 … (1)
6p − 3q = 1 … (2)
15p + 3q = 6 … (3)
Adding (2) and (3), we get:
21p = 7
1
⇒ 𝑝𝑝 = 3
Putting 𝑝𝑝 in equation (1), we get:

1
5 × 3 + 𝑞𝑞 = 2
5 1
⇒ 𝑞𝑞 = 2 − 3 = 3

1 1
Since, 𝑝𝑝 = 𝑥𝑥−1 = 3
⇒ 𝑥𝑥 − 1 = 3
⇒ 𝑥𝑥 = 4
1 1
𝑞𝑞 = 𝑦𝑦−2 = 3
⇒y−2=3
⇒y=5
∴ 𝑥𝑥 = 4, 𝑦𝑦 = 5
7𝑥𝑥−2𝑦𝑦
(v) 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥
=5
7 2
⇒ 𝑦𝑦 − 𝑥𝑥 = 5 . . . (1)
8𝑥𝑥+7𝑦𝑦
𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥
= 15
8 7
⇒ 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑥𝑥 = 15 . . . (2)
1 1
Let 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑝𝑝 and 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑞𝑞

−2p + 7q = 5
⇒ −2𝑝𝑝 + 7𝑞𝑞 − 5 = 0. . . (3)
7p + 8q = 15
⇒ 7𝑝𝑝 + 8𝑞𝑞 − 15 = 0 . . . (4)
using cross-multiplication method, we get:
𝑝𝑝 𝑞𝑞 1
−105−(−40)
= −35−30 = −16−49
𝑝𝑝 𝑞𝑞 1
⇒ −65 = −65 = −65
𝑝𝑝 1 𝑞𝑞 1
⇒ −65 = −65 , −65 = −65
⇒ p = 1, q = 1
1 1
Since, 𝑝𝑝 = 𝑥𝑥 = 1, 𝑞𝑞 = 𝑦𝑦 = 1
Hence, x = 1, y = 1

(vi) 6x + 3y = 6xy
6 3
⇒ 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑥𝑥 = 6. . . (1)
2x + 4y = 5xy
2 4
⇒ 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑥𝑥 = 5 . . . (2)
1 1
Let 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑝𝑝 and 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑞𝑞

3p + 6q − 6 = 0
4p + 2q − 5 = 0
𝑝𝑝 𝑞𝑞 1
−30−(−12)
= −24−(−15) = 6−24
𝑝𝑝 𝑞𝑞 1
⇒ −18 = −9 = −18
⇒ −18 = −18 , −9 = −18
1
⇒ 𝑝𝑝 = 1, 𝑞𝑞 = 2
1 1 1
Since, 𝑝𝑝 = 𝑥𝑥 = 1, 𝑞𝑞 = 𝑦𝑦 = 2
Hence, x = 1, y = 2
10 2
(vii) 𝑥𝑥+𝑦𝑦
+ 𝑥𝑥−𝑦𝑦 = 4
15 5
𝑥𝑥+𝑦𝑦
− 𝑥𝑥−𝑦𝑦 = −2
1 1
Let 𝑥𝑥+𝑦𝑦
= 𝑝𝑝 and 𝑥𝑥−𝑦𝑦
= 𝑞𝑞

10p + 2q = 4
⇒ 10𝑝𝑝 + 2𝑞𝑞 − 4 = 0 . . . (1)
15p − 5q = −2
⇒ 15𝑝𝑝 − 5𝑞𝑞 + 2 = 0. . . (2)

𝑝𝑝 𝑞𝑞 1
4−20
= −60−20 = −50−30
⇒ −16 = −80 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 −80 = −80
1
⇒ 𝑝𝑝 = 5 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑞𝑞 = 1
1 1 1
Since, 𝑝𝑝 = 𝑥𝑥+𝑦𝑦 = 5 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑞𝑞 = 𝑥𝑥−𝑦𝑦 = 1
x + y = 5. . . . (3)
x − y = 1. . . . . (4)
Adding both equations (3) and (4), we get:
2x = 6
⇒x=3
y=2
∴ 𝑥𝑥 = 3, 𝑦𝑦 = 2
1 1 3
(viii) 3𝑥𝑥+𝑦𝑦
+ 3𝑥𝑥−𝑦𝑦 = 4
1 1 −1
2(3𝑥𝑥+𝑦𝑦)
− 2(3𝑥𝑥−𝑦𝑦) = 8
1 1
let 3𝑥𝑥+𝑦𝑦 = 𝑝𝑝 and 3𝑥𝑥−𝑦𝑦 = 𝑞𝑞

3
𝑝𝑝 + 𝑞𝑞 = 4 … (1)
𝑝𝑝 𝑞𝑞 −1
2
−2= 8
−1
⇒ 𝑝𝑝 − 𝑞𝑞 = 4
… (2)

3 1
2𝑝𝑝 = 4 − 4
1
⇒ 2𝑝𝑝 = 2
1
⇒ 𝑝𝑝 = 4
Putting p in (1), we get:

1 3
4
+ 𝑞𝑞 = 4
3 1 1
⇒ 𝑞𝑞 = 4 − 4 = 2
1 1
Since, 𝑝𝑝 = 3𝑥𝑥+𝑦𝑦 = 4
⇒ 3x + y = 4 … (3)
1 1
𝑞𝑞 = 3𝑥𝑥−𝑦𝑦 = 2
⇒ 3x − y = 2 … (4)
6x = 6
⇒x=1
Putting the value of x in (3), we get:
3(1) + y = 4
⇒y=1
∴ 𝑥𝑥 = 1, 𝑦𝑦 = 1
2. Formulate the following problems as a pair of equations, and hence find their
solutions:
(i) Ritu can row downstream 20 km in 2 hours, and upstream 4 km in 2
hours. Find her speed of rowing in still water and the speed of the current.
(ii) 2 women and 5 men can together finish an embroidery work in 4 days,
while 3 women and 6 men can finish it in 3 days. Find the time taken by 1
woman alone to finish the work, and also that taken by 1 man alone.
(v) Roohi travels 300 km to her home partly by train and partly by bus. She
takes 4 hours if she travels 60 km by train and the remaining by bus. If
she travels 100 km by train and the remaining by bus, she takes 10
minutes longer. Find the speed of the train and the bus separately.
Solution:
(i) Let the speed of Ritu be x km/h in still water and the speed of stream be
y km/h.
Hence, speed of Ritu while rowing upstream = (x − y) km/h
And speed of Ritu while rowing downstream = (x + y) km/h
According to the question,

2(x + y) = 20
⇒ x + y = 10 … (1)
2(x − y) = 4
⇒ x − y = 2 … (2)
2x = 12
⇒x=6
Putting the value of x in equation (2), we get:
y=4
Thus, Rita's speed is 6km/h in still water and the speed of the current is
4 km/h.
(ii) Let the number of days taken by a woman to finish the work be 𝑥𝑥 and a
man to finish the work be 𝑦𝑦.
1
Work done by a woman in 1 day = 𝑥𝑥
1
Work done by a man in 1 day = 𝑦𝑦
According to the question,

2 5
4 �𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦� = 1
2 5 1
⇒ + = … (1)
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 4
3 6
3� + � = 1
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦
3 6 1
⇒ 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 3 … (2)
1 1
Let 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑝𝑝 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑞𝑞
Hence given equations convert to:

1
2𝑝𝑝 + 5𝑞𝑞 = 4
⇒ 8𝑝𝑝 + 20𝑞𝑞 − 1 = 0 … (3)

1
3𝑝𝑝 + 6𝑞𝑞 = 3

⇒ 9𝑝𝑝 + 18𝑞𝑞 − 1 = 0 … (4)

𝑝𝑝 𝑞𝑞 1
−20−(−18)
= −9−(−8) = 144−180
𝑝𝑝 𝑞𝑞 1
⇒ −2 = −1 = −36
⇒ −2 = −36 , −1 = −36
1 1
⇒ 𝑝𝑝 = 18 , 𝑞𝑞 = 36
1 1 1 1
Since, 𝑝𝑝 = 𝑥𝑥 = 18 , 𝑞𝑞 = 𝑦𝑦 = 36
Hence, 𝑥𝑥 = 18, 𝑦𝑦 = 36
Hence, the number of days taken by a woman and a man to finish the work
is 18 and 36.
(iii) Let the speed of train be u km/h and speed of bus be v km/h.
Distance  travelled
Now as we know, Time taken = Speed
Hence, As per the question,

60 240
𝑢𝑢
+ 𝑣𝑣
= 4. . . (1)
100 200 25 1
𝑢𝑢
+ 𝑣𝑣
= 6
. . . (2)(Since, 10 minutes= 6 hours)
1 1
Let 𝑢𝑢 = 𝑝𝑝 and 𝑣𝑣 = 𝑞𝑞
Hence given equations convert to:

60p + 240q = 4 . . . (3)
25
100𝑝𝑝 + 200𝑞𝑞 = 6
⇒ 600𝑝𝑝 + 1200𝑞𝑞 = 25. . . . (4)

600p + 2400q = 40. . . . . (5)
1200q = 15
15 1
⇒ 𝑞𝑞 = 1200 = 80

Putting q in equation (3), we get:

60p + 3 = 4
⇒ 60p = 1
1
⇒ 𝑝𝑝 = 60
1 1 1 1
Since, 𝑝𝑝 = 𝑢𝑢 = 60 , 𝑞𝑞 = 𝑣𝑣 = 80
⇒ u = 60 km/h, v = 80 km/h
Hence, the speed of train and the speed of bus are 60 km/h and 80 km/h
respectively.
♦ ♦ ♦
EXERCISE 3.7 (Optional)*

1. The ages of two friends Ani and Biju differ by 3 years. Ani’s father Dharam is
twice as old as Ani and Biju is twice as old as his sister Cathy. The ages of Cathy
and Dharam differ by 30 years. Find the ages of Ani and Biju.
Solution:
The difference of ages of Ani and Biju is 3 years. Hence, either Biju is 3 years
older than Ani or Ani is 3 years older than Biju.
Let the age of Ani and Biju be x years and y years respectively.
Age of Dharma = 2x years
𝑦𝑦
Age of cathy = 2
years
Case I:
Ani is older than Biju by 3 years
𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 = 3 … (1)
y
2x − = 30
2
⇒ 4x − y = 60 . . . (2)
Subtracting (1) from (2), we get:
3x = 60 − 3 = 57 ⇒ x = 19

Hence, age of Ani = 19 years

And age of Biju = 19 − 3 = 16 years
Case II: Biju is older than Ani by 3 years
y − x = 3 … (3)
y
2x − = 30
2
⇒ 4x − y = 60 … (4)
3x = 63
⇒ x = 21
Hence, age of Ani = 21 years
And age of Biju = 21 + 3 = 24 years
2. One says, “Give me a hundred, friend! I shall then become twice as rich as you”.
The other replies, “If you give me ten, I shall be six times as rich as you”. Tell me
what is the amount of their (respective) capital? [From the Bijaganita of
Bhaskara 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼]
[Hint: 𝑥𝑥 + 100 = 2(𝑦𝑦 − 100), 𝑦𝑦 + 10 = 6(𝑥𝑥 − 10)].
Solution:
Let the money with the first person be ₹ x and money with the second person be
₹ y.
x + 100 = 2(y − 100)
⇒ x + 100 = 2y − 200
⇒ x − 2y = −300 … (1)
6(x − 10) = (y + 10)
⇒ 6x − 60 = y + 10
⇒ 6x − y = 70 … (2)
12x − 2y = 140 … (3)

11x = 140 + 300

⇒ 11x = 440
⇒ x = 40
40 − 2y = −300
⇒ 40 + 300 = 2y
⇒ 2y = 340
⇒ y = 170
Hence, the two friends has ₹ 40 and ₹ 170 respectively.
3. A train covered a certain distance at a uniform speed. If the train would have been
10 km⁄h faster, it would have taken 2 hours less than the scheduled time. And, if
the train were slower by 10 km⁄h; it would have taken 3 hours more than the
scheduled time. Find the distance covered by the train.
Solution:
Let total distance travel by train be d km, the speed of the train be x km/h and the
time taken by train to travel d km be t hours.
Distance travlled
Since, Speed= Time taken to tranvel that distance
𝑑𝑑
⇒ 𝑥𝑥 =
𝑡𝑡
⇒ 𝑑𝑑 = 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥. . . (1)
𝑑𝑑
As per the question, (𝑥𝑥 + 10) = (𝑡𝑡−2) ⇒ (𝑥𝑥 + 10)(𝑡𝑡 − 2) = 𝑑𝑑
⇒ 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 + 10𝑡𝑡 − 2𝑥𝑥 − 20 = 𝑑𝑑

By using equation (1), we get:
−2𝑥𝑥 + 10𝑡𝑡 = 20 .. . (2)
𝑑𝑑
(𝑥𝑥 − 10) =
(𝑡𝑡 + 3)
⇒ (𝑥𝑥 − 10)(𝑡𝑡 + 3) = 𝑑𝑑
By using equation (1), we get:
3x − 10t = 30 … (3)

𝑥𝑥 = 50
Substituting x in equation (2), we get:
(−2) × (50) + 10t = 20
⇒ −100 + 10t = 20
⇒ 10t = 120
⇒ t = 12
d = xt = 50 x 12 = 600
Hence, the distance covered by the train is 600 km.
4. The students of a class are made to stand in rows. If 3 students are extra in a row,
there would be 1 row less. If 3 students are less in a row, there would be 2 rows
more. Find the number of students in the class.
Solution:
Let the number of rows be x and number of students in a row be y.
Total number of students in the class = Number of rows × Number of students in
a row = xy
Total number of students = (x − 1)(y + 3)
⇒ xy = (x − 1)(y + 3)
⇒ 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 = xy − y + 3x − 3
⇒ 3x − y − 3 = 0
⇒ 3x − y = 3 … (1)
Again, Total number of students = (x + 2)(y − 3)
⇒ xy = xy + 2y − 3x − 6
⇒ 3x − 2y = −6 … (2)
Subtracting equation (2) from (1), we get:
y=9
Substituting the value of y in equation (1), we get:
3x − 9 = 3

⇒ 3x = 9 + 3 = 12
⇒x=4
Hence, number of rows, x = 4
And number of students in a row, y = 9
Hence, total number of students in a class = 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 = 4 × 9 = 36
5. In a ∆ABC, ∠C = 3 ∠B = 2(∠A + ∠B). Find the three angles.

Solution:
Given,
∠C = 3 ∠B = 2(∠A + ∠B)
⇒ 3∠B = 2(∠A + ∠B)
⇒ ∠B = 2 ∠A ⇒ 2 ∠A − ∠B = 0 . . . (1)
We know that the sum of all angles of a triangle is 180°
Hence, ∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180o
⇒ ∠𝐴𝐴 + ∠𝐵𝐵 + 3∠B = 180o
⇒ ∠A + 4∠B = 180o … (2)
8∠𝐴𝐴 − 4 ∠𝐵𝐵 = 0 … (3)
9 ∠A = 180o
⇒ ∠A = 20o
20o + 4 ∠B = 180o
⇒ 4∠B = 160o
⇒ ∠B = 40o
Hence, ∠C = 3 ∠B = 3 × 40o = 120o
Thus, the value of ∠A, ∠B and ∠C are 20o , 40o and 120o respectively.

6. Draw the graphs of the equations 5𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 = 5 and 3𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 = 3. Determine the co-
ordinates of the vertices of the triangle formed by these lines and the 𝑦𝑦 axis.
Solution:
5x − y = 5
⇒ y = 5x − 5
𝑥𝑥 0 1
𝑦𝑦 −5 0
3x − y = 3
⇒ y = 3x − 3
𝑥𝑥 0 1
𝑦𝑦 −3 0
The graphical representation of the two lines will be as follows:

We have shown required triangle △ ABC in the graph. The coordinates of its
vertices are A (1, 0), B (0, −3), C (0, −5).
7. Solve the following pair of linear equations:
(i) 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 + 𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞 = 𝑝𝑝 − 𝑞𝑞 𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞 − 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 = 𝑝𝑝 + 𝑞𝑞
(ii) 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 = 𝑐𝑐 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 + 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = 1 + 𝑐𝑐
(iii) 𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦
− =0 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 = 𝑎𝑎2 + 𝑏𝑏 2
𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏
(iv) (𝑎𝑎 − 𝑏𝑏)𝑥𝑥 + (𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏)𝑦𝑦
= 𝑎𝑎2 − 2𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 − 𝑏𝑏 2 (𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏)(𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦) = 𝑎𝑎2 + 𝑏𝑏 2
(v) 152𝑥𝑥 − 378𝑦𝑦 = −74 −378𝑥𝑥 + 152𝑦𝑦 = −604
Solution:
(i) Both equations can be written as:
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 + 𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞 − (𝑝𝑝 − 𝑞𝑞) = 0 … (1)
𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞 − 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 − (𝑝𝑝 + 𝑞𝑞) = 0 … (2)
By using cross multiplication method, we get:
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 1
= =
−𝑞𝑞(𝑝𝑝 + 𝑞𝑞) − 𝑝𝑝(𝑝𝑝 − 𝑞𝑞) −𝑞𝑞(𝑝𝑝 − 𝑞𝑞) + 𝑝𝑝(𝑝𝑝 + 𝑞𝑞) −𝑝𝑝2 − 𝑞𝑞 2
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 1
⇒ = 2 =
−𝑝𝑝2 − 𝑞𝑞 2 𝑝𝑝 + 𝑞𝑞 2 −𝑝𝑝 − 𝑞𝑞 2
2
⇒ 𝑥𝑥 = 1, 𝑦𝑦 = −1
(ii) Both equations can be written as:
𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 − 𝑐𝑐 = 0 … (1)

𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 + 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 − (1 + 𝑐𝑐) = 0 . . . (2)
By using cross multiplication method, we get:
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 1
= = 2
−𝑏𝑏(1 + 𝑐𝑐) + 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 −𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 + 𝑎𝑎(1 + 𝑐𝑐) 𝑎𝑎 − 𝑏𝑏 2

𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 1
⇒ = = 2
c(a − b) − b 𝑐𝑐(𝑎𝑎 − 𝑏𝑏) + 𝑎𝑎 𝑎𝑎 − 𝑏𝑏 2
𝑐𝑐(𝑎𝑎 − 𝑏𝑏) − 𝑏𝑏 𝑐𝑐(𝑎𝑎 − 𝑏𝑏) + 𝑎𝑎
⇒ 𝑥𝑥 = , 𝑦𝑦 =
𝑎𝑎2 − 𝑏𝑏 2 𝑎𝑎2 − 𝑏𝑏 2
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦
(iii) 𝑎𝑎
− 𝑏𝑏 = 0
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 − 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = 0 … (1)

𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 = 𝑎𝑎2 + 𝑏𝑏 2 … (2)
Multiplying equation (1) and (2) by b and a respectively, we get:
𝑏𝑏 2 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = 0 … (3)
𝑎𝑎2 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = 𝑎𝑎3 + 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 2 … (4)
𝑏𝑏 2 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑎𝑎2 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑎𝑎3 + 𝑎𝑎𝑏𝑏 2
⇒ 𝑥𝑥(𝑏𝑏 2 + 𝑎𝑎2 ) = 𝑎𝑎(𝑎𝑎2 + 𝑏𝑏 2 )
⇒ 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑎𝑎
𝑏𝑏(𝑎𝑎) − 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = 0
𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 − 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = 0
𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑏𝑏
Hence, 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑎𝑎, 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑏𝑏
(iv) (𝑎𝑎 − 𝑏𝑏)𝑥𝑥 + (𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏)𝑦𝑦 = 𝑎𝑎2 − 2𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 − 𝑏𝑏 2 … (1)

(𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏)(𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦) = 𝑎𝑎2 + 𝑏𝑏 2
⇒ (𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏)𝑥𝑥 + (𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏)𝑦𝑦 = 𝑎𝑎2 + 𝑏𝑏 2 . . . (2)
Subtracting equation (2) from (1), we get:
(𝑎𝑎 − 𝑏𝑏)𝑥𝑥 − (𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏)𝑥𝑥 = (𝑎𝑎2 − 2𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 − 𝑏𝑏 2 ) − (𝑎𝑎2 + 𝑏𝑏 2 )
(𝑎𝑎 − 𝑏𝑏 − 𝑎𝑎 − 𝑏𝑏)𝑥𝑥 = −2𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 − 2𝑏𝑏 2 − 2𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 = −2𝑏𝑏(𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏)
𝑥𝑥 = 𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏


(𝑎𝑎 − 𝑏𝑏)(𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏) + (𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏)𝑦𝑦 = 𝑎𝑎2 − 2𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 − 𝑏𝑏 2
𝑎𝑎2 − 𝑏𝑏 2 + (𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏)𝑦𝑦 = 𝑎𝑎2 − 2𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 − 𝑏𝑏 2
(v) (𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏)𝑦𝑦 = −2𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎
−2𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎
𝑦𝑦 =
𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏
−2𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎
Hence, 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏, 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑎𝑎+𝑏𝑏
(vi) 152𝑥𝑥 − 378𝑦𝑦 = −74. . (1)

−378𝑥𝑥 + 152𝑦𝑦 = −604 … (2)
Adding the equations (1) and (2), we get:
−226𝑥𝑥 − 226𝑦𝑦 = −678
⇒ 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 3 … (3)
Subtracting the equation (2) from equation (1), we get:
530𝑥𝑥 − 530𝑦𝑦 = 530
⇒ 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 = 1 … (4)
2𝑥𝑥 = 4
⇒ 𝑥𝑥 = 2
𝑦𝑦 = 1
Hence, 𝑥𝑥 = 2, 𝑦𝑦 = 1
8. ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral (see Fig.) Find the angles of the cyclic
quadrilateral.

Solution:
As we know, the sum of opposite angles in a cyclic quadrilateral is 180°.
∠A + ∠C = 180
⇒ 4𝑦𝑦 + 20° − 4𝑥𝑥 = 180
⇒ −4𝑥𝑥 + 4𝑦𝑦 = 160°
⇒ 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 = −40 … (1)
Also, ∠B + ∠D = 180°
⇒ 3𝑦𝑦 − 5° − 7𝑥𝑥 + 5° = 180°
⇒ −7𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑦𝑦 = 180 … (2)
3𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦 = −120 … (3)
−4𝑥𝑥 = 60°
⇒ 𝑥𝑥 = −15°
−15° − 𝑦𝑦 = −40°
⇒ 𝑦𝑦 = −15° + 40° = 25
Hence,
∠A = 4𝑦𝑦 + 20° = 4(25°) + 20° = 120𝑜𝑜
∠B = 3𝑦𝑦 − 5° = 3(25°) − 5° = 70𝑜𝑜
∠C = −4𝑥𝑥 = −4(−15°) = 60𝑜𝑜
∠D = −7𝑥𝑥 + 5° = −7(−15°) + 5° = 110𝑜𝑜
♦ ♦ ♦


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Class- X-CBSE-Mathematics Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables

CBSE NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Mathematics Chapter 3

Practice more on Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Page - 1 www.embibe.com

The graphical representation is as follows:

Practice more on Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Page - 2 www.embibe.com

Two solutions of this equation are:

𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑦𝑦 = 1300 ⟹ 𝑥𝑥 = 1300 − 3𝑦𝑦

3. The cost of 2 kg of apples and 1 kg of grapes on a day was found to be ₹ 160.

Practice more on Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Page - 3 www.embibe.com

2𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 160 (1)

2𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 160 ⟹ 𝑦𝑦 = 160 − 2𝑥𝑥

Practice more on Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Page - 4 www.embibe.com

Practice more on Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Page - 5 www.embibe.com

The graphical representation is as follows:

Practice more on Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Page - 6 www.embibe.com

The graphical representation is as follows:

Practice more on Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Page - 7 www.embibe.com

(ii) 9𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑦𝑦 + 12 = 0

Practice more on Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Page - 8 www.embibe.com

Practice more on Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Page - 9 www.embibe.com

𝑎𝑎1 3 𝑏𝑏1 2 2 𝑐𝑐1 −5 5

Hence, the pair of linear equations is consistent.

𝑎𝑎1 2 1 𝑏𝑏1 −3 1 𝑐𝑐1 −8 8

Hence, the pair of linear equations is inconsistent.

Hence, the pair of linear equations is consistent.

Practice more on Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Page - 10 www.embibe.com

(iv) 5𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦 = 11

𝑎𝑎1 5 1 𝑏𝑏1 −3 1 𝑐𝑐1 −11 1

𝑎𝑎2 = 2, 𝑏𝑏2 = 3, 𝑐𝑐2 = −12

4. Which of the following pairs of linear equations are consistent/inconsistent? If

Practice more on Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Page - 11 www.embibe.com

(ii) 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 = 8 3𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦 = 16

Practice more on Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Page - 12 www.embibe.com

𝑎𝑎1 1 𝑏𝑏1 −1 1 𝑐𝑐1 −8 1

Hence, the pair of linear equations is inconsistent.

Practice more on Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Page - 13 www.embibe.com

Hence, the pair of linear equations is consistent.

Hence, the graphical representation is as follows:

Practice more on Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Page - 14 www.embibe.com

(iv) 2𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑦 − 2 = 0

𝑎𝑎1 2 1 𝑏𝑏1 −2 1 𝑐𝑐1 −2 2

Practice more on Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Page - 15 www.embibe.com

Hence, the pair of linear equations is inconsistent.

Hence, the graphical representation is as follows:

Practice more on Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Page - 16 www.embibe.com

(i) For the two lines 𝑎𝑎1 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑏𝑏1 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑐𝑐1 = 0 and a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0, to be

Hence, the other linear equation can be 3x + 7y − 15 = 0

Practice more on Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Page - 17 www.embibe.com

Hence, the other linear equation can be 4𝑥𝑥 + 6𝑦𝑦 + 9 = 0, as

So, the other linear equation can be 6𝑥𝑥 + 9𝑦𝑦 − 24 = 0,

7. Draw the graphs of the equations 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 + 1 = 0 and 3𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 − 12 = 0.

Practice more on Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Page - 18 www.embibe.com

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(iv) 3𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 = 3 … (i)

Practice more on Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Page - 20 www.embibe.com

(vi) 0.2𝑥𝑥 + 0.3𝑦𝑦 = 1.3 … (i)

(v) √2𝑥𝑥 + √3𝑦𝑦 = 0. . . (i)

Practice more on Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Page - 21 www.embibe.com

Practice more on Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Page - 22 www.embibe.com

Practice more on Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Page - 23 www.embibe.com

(ii) The larger of two supplementary angles exceeds the smaller by

Practice more on Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Page - 24 www.embibe.com

From (1), we get