Preliminary Design

Materials
Concrete (C30)

 𝑓𝑐′ = 30 𝑀𝑃𝑎
KN
 𝑊 = 24 m3
 𝐸𝑐 = 25000 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Concrete (C25)

 𝑓𝑐′ = 30 𝑀𝑃𝑎
KN
 𝑊 = 24 m3
 𝐸𝑐 = 25000 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Deform Bar (DB390)

 𝑓𝑦 = 390 𝑀𝑃𝑎
KN
 𝑊 = 77 m3
 𝐸𝑠 = 200,000 𝑀𝑃𝑎
 𝐹𝑢 = 620 𝑀𝑃𝐴
 𝐹𝑦𝑒 = 455 𝑀𝑃𝑎
 𝐹𝑢𝑒 = 682 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Beam Section
𝑙 𝑓𝑦 6000 390
ℎ𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 16 (0.4 + 700) = (0.4 + 700) = 358.93 𝑚𝑚
16

Take ℎ𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 400 𝑚𝑚

ℎ𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑏= = 200 𝑚𝑚
2

Beam section: (200 𝑚𝑚, 400 𝑚𝑚)

Column Section

𝐴𝑠𝑡
𝜌𝑔 = 𝐴𝑔

𝑃𝑢
0.8𝜙
𝐴𝑔 = 0.85𝑓𝑦′ (1−𝜌𝑔 )+𝑓𝑦 𝜌𝑔

Assume column section: (400 𝑚𝑚, 400 𝑚𝑚)

Loads
Live Loads:
𝑘𝑁
Residential building: 1.92 𝑚2
𝑘𝑁
Parking area: 2.4 𝑚2
𝑘𝑁
Public Stair: 4.8 𝑚2

Dead Loads:
Self-weight: Determine by Etabs
𝑘𝑁
Covering: 1.02 𝑚2
𝑘𝑁
Mechanical: 0.2 𝑚2
𝑘𝑁
Partition: 1 𝑚2
𝑘𝑁
𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 + 𝑀𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 + 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 2.22 𝑚2

Wall load
𝜋(30)2 (190)(4)
𝑉𝑜𝑖𝑑 = = 537.21 𝑚𝑚2
4

55 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 4 𝑚 (120 − 537.21𝑚𝑚2 (𝑚2 ) 20 𝑚2 = 7.2 𝑚2

Wind Load
According to www.myweather2.com website the maximum wind speed in Cambodia
𝑘𝑁
can reach to 74 ℎ

Determine the External pressure coefficient (𝐶𝑝 )

For our structure 𝐶𝑝 for windward side is 0.8 and the leeward size is – 0.2

We input the above values and run analysis in Etabs. The code we are using is ACI 318-11 and
the SI unit. After running the analysis, we rann concrete frame design to check whether is pass
or not. For the first try, almost every beam and column fail. Then we decide to increase the
cross section of the beam and column. We run multiple analysis to make sure our structure is
able to withstand the loads and economical. After making sure our structure passes the
concrete frame design, we need to check whether the deflection slab is in the tolerance of the
ACI code and also the drift that cause by the wind the pressure.
Slab Deflection Check
According to ACI the maximum slab deflection

𝑙 6000
𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 180 = = 33.33𝑚𝑚
180

By checking the slab deflection in Etabs, the maximum deflection is 30 𝑚𝑚 so it is good

enough.
Drift Check
ℎ
According to ASCE 7-10, the maximum drift of a building due to wind load is 500 where ℎ is the
height of the building.
ℎ 48000
𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑡 = = = 96 𝑚𝑚
500 500
Based on our Etabs, the maximum drift we get due to wind load is 0.693 𝑚𝑚

Maximum steel reinforcement ratio: 3.2

Beam Design Garage

Find the Ultimate Moment

Lx  6m Ly  6m
Lx kN kN
 1 w  (150mm)(24 3
)  3.6 2
Ly m m
2 wLx  1  kN
Slab  1  2   14.4 2
2  3  m
 kN  kN
Beam   350mm  470mm   24 3   3.948
 m  m
kN
DL  Slab  Beam  18.348
m
kN 2  Live  Lx  1  kN
Live  2.4 2  LL  1  2   9.6
m 2  3  m
kN
Wu  1.2 DL  1.6 LL  37.379
m
Wu L2x
Mu   112.13kN  m
12
Material Properties
f c'  25MPa   0.85
f y  390 MPa f yt  390 MPa
Es  200000 MPa   0.9
Section Properties
b  350mm h  470mm
d c  40mm d  430mm
DB  16mm

Flexural Design of Singly Reinforce Beam

Mu
Rn   1.925MPa
bd 2
f c'  Rn 
  0.85 1  1  2   0.005
fy  0.85 f c' 
min  0.0036
  min Steel Ratio is enough  As  bd  780.046mm 2
DB 2
As    201.062mm 2
4
As
n  3.88  use n  4
A
fy
a  As  42.172mm
0.85 f c'b
 a
M n  As f y  d    128.599kN  m  M n  115.739kN  m
 2
M n  M u Design Pass
a
c  47.059mm

d c
 0.003  0.024
c
  0.004 Ductile
Shear Design of Single Reinforcement Beam
  0.75
WL
Vu  u x  112.133kN
2
Vc  17 f c' bd  127.925kN
Vc
Vu  Minimum Shear Reinforcement Required
2
V  Vc
Vs  u  21.585kN

  100mm 2 
Av  2    157.08mm 2
 4 
 
Av f y d
s1   1.22m
Vs
 Av f y Av f y 
S2  ,   500.09mm
 0.35b 0.062 f c b 
'
 d
Vs  0.33 f c' bd  S3   107.5mm
4
Spacing  min  S1 , S 2 , S3   107.5mm

Torsion Design of Singly Reinforce Beam

Acp  bh  1.645  105 mm 2
Pcp  2h  2h  1.88 103 mm 2
b1  310mm h1  430mm
Aoh  b1h1  1.33  105 mm 2
Ph  2b1  2h1  1.48 103 mm 2
A0  0.8 Aoh  1.066 105 mm 2
  45   0.9
2
1 A
Tu   f c'  17.992kN  m
cp
2
3 Pcp

1 Acp 2
Tcr  f c'  23.99kN  m
3 Pcp 2
Tcr
Tu  Torsion Considered
4
2
 Vu   Tu Ph 
2
 Vc ' 
         0.66 f c   Cross Section is okay
 bd   1.7 Aoh   bd 
2
Addition Reinforcement Strirrup
At Tu
  0.35mm
S 2 A0 f y cot  
At
Tn  2 A0 f yt cot    17.992kN  m
S
Longitudinal Reinforcement
A fy
Al  t Ph cot    197.641mm 2
2

S f yt
0.42 f c' Acp At fy
Al ,min   Ph  367.225mm 2
fy S f yt
Comparison of hand calculation and Etabs

Results 𝑴𝒖 𝑽𝒖 𝑻𝒖 Reinforcement Reinforcement Reinforcement

(𝒌𝑵 ∙ 𝒎) 𝒌𝑵 (𝒌𝑵 ∙ 𝒎) area of area of area of
flexure(𝒎𝒎 ) shear(𝒎𝒎𝟐 )
𝟐
torsion(𝒎𝒎𝟐 )

Hand 112.13 112.13 780 157.08 367.23

Calculation
Etabs 103.341 99.223 14.261 724 43.71 505

Based on the results from Hand calculation and Etabs, the value of ultimate moment,
ultimate shear, ultimate torsion, reinforcement area of flexural, reinforcing area of shear and
reinforcement area of torsion are slightly different. So, by verifying the hand calculation and
Etabs, if we were to build our structure in real life it would be able to stand the loads.