The Philippine National Police Does Not Endorse Any Product, Brand or Service. This Tutorial Is For Training Purposes Only and Not For Sale

The Philippine National Police does not endorse any product, brand or service.
This tutorial is for training purposes only and not for sale.
Reference:
http://www.gcflearnfree.org/windowsbasics/all-about-windows/1/
THE PNP BASIC COMPUTER ESSENTIALS e-Learning (WINDOWS BASICS)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1
CHAPTER 1: ALL ABOUT WINDOWS ……………………………………………. 3
What is Windows?
Windows 8 vs. Other Versions
CHAPTER 2: NAVIGATING WINDOWS …………………………………………… 5

Getting Started with Windows
The Desktop
Working with Applications
Working with Windows
Parts of a Window
Move a Window
Resize a Window
Switching between Windows
Shutdown your Computer
Restarting and Sleep Mode
Waking your Computer from Sleep Mode
CHAPTER 3: WORKING WITH FILES ……………………………………………. 16

File Basics
What is a File?
What is a Folder?
File Explorer
Open File Explorer
Open a File
Two Main Ways to Open a File
Moving and Deleting Files
Selecting Multiple Files
Selecting All Files
Shortcuts
CHAPTER 4: FINDING FILES ON YOUR COMPUTER ………………………… 27

Common Places to Look for Files
Searching for Files
Tips for Finding Files
CHAPTER 5: COMMON COMPUTER TASKS …………………………………… 29

Menu Bar
File Menu Commands
Cut, Copy and Paste
Undoing Changes
Reference:
CHAPTER 6: ADJUSTING YOUR SETTINGS …………………………………... 38

Open the Settings App (Windows 10) 2
Open the Control Panel (Windows 10)
Open the Control Panel (Windows 8)
Open the Control Panel (Windows 7 and earlier)
Adjusting Application Settings
CHAPTER 7: UNDERSTANDING USER ACCOUNTS …………………………. 41

What are User Accounts?
Why Use Separate User Accounts
Administrator, Standard, and Managed Accounts
Adding and Managing User Accounts
Switching Between User Accounts
CHAPTER 8: KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS IN WINDOWS ………………………. 45

Using Shortcuts
Working with Text
Working with Files and Applications
Internet Shortcuts
Using the Alt Key to Navigate Menus
Finding More Keyboard Shortcuts
CHAPTER 9: COMMON APPLICATIONS IN WINDOWS ………………………. 49

Web Browsers
Productivity
Media
Settings
CHAPTER 10: OPENING FILES WITH DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS ……….. 53

Open a File in a Different Application
Change the Default Application
CHAPTER 11: WORKING WITH FLASH DRIVES ………………………………. 57

What is a Flash Drive?
Connect a Flash Drive
Working with a Flash Drive
Safely Remove a Flash Drive
CHAPTER 12: TROUBLESHOOTING BASIC PROBLEMS …………………… 61

Basic Troubleshooting Techniques
Troubleshooting Specific Problems
CHAPTER 13: WHY YOU SHOULD UPGRADE TO WINDOWS 10 …………... 65

Why Should I Upgrade?
Reference:
CHAPTER 1: ALL ABOUT WINDOWS

3
What is Windows?
Windows is an operating system designed by Microsoft. The operating system

is what allows you to use a computer. Windows comes preloaded on most new
personal computers (PCs), which helps to make it the most popular operating
system in the world.
Windows makes it possible to complete all types of everyday tasks on your

computer. For example, you can use Windows to browse the Internet, check your
email, edit digital photos, listen to music, play games, and do much more.
Windows is also used in many offices because it gives you access

to productivity tools such as calendars, word processors, and spreadsheets.
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Microsoft released the first version of Windows in the mid-1980s. There have
been many versions of Windows since then, but the most recent ones 4
include Windows 10(released in 2015), Windows 8 (2012), Windows
7 (2009), Windows Vista (2007), and Windows XP (2001).
About this tutorial
This tutorial is designed to show you the absolute basics of using a Windows
computer, including how to use the desktop, how to open different files and
applications, and how to move and resize windows. The information in this tutorial
will apply to more recent versions of Windows, including the ones mentioned above.
However, once you've learned the basics, you may also want to review one of
our version-specific Windows tutorials. Just select the version of Windows that's
installed on your computer:
 Windows 10
 Windows 8
 Windows 7
 Windows XP
Windows 8 vs. other versions
While most versions of Windows are relatively similar, Windows 8 works very
differently from other versions. However, if you have Windows 8 on your computer,
you should now be able to upgrade to Windows 10, which is more similar to earlier
versions, including Windows 7. We recommend upgrading your computer to
Windows 10 if you can.
However, we'll still point out any major differences between Windows 8 and
other versions, which means you'll see some Windows 8-specific information from
time to time. If your computer uses Windows 8, you'll want to review both this tutorial
and our Windows 8 tutorial to learn more about the differences.
Reference:
CHAPTER 2: NAVIGATING WINDOWS

5
Getting started with Windows
Whether you're new to computers or just Windows, it's important to learn the
basics of using your computer. If it all seems a little overwhelming right now, don't
worry! We'll take you through it step by step and show you some of the most
fundamental things you'll need to know, including how to work with
the desktop, open and close windows, and turn off your computer.
The desktop
Once your computer has finished starting up, the first thing you'll see is
the desktop. You can think of the desktop as the main workspace for your computer.
From here, you can view and manage your files, open applications, access the
Internet, and much more.
 Click the buttons in the interactive below to become more familiar with the
desktop.
In Windows 8, you will usually see the Start screen before the desktop.
Reference:
Reference:
Reference:
Working with applications
An application—also known as a program—is a type of software that allows

you to complete tasks on your computer. Windows comes with many built-in
applications you can use. For example, if you want to browse the Internet, you can
use Microsoft Edge (or Internet Explorer if you're using Windows 8 or earlier).
Reference:
To open an application:
9
1. Using your mouse, click the Start button, then select the desired application.
If you don't see the one you want, click All Programs to see a complete list
of applications. In our example, we'll open Microsoft Edge.
2. The application will appear in a new window.
Reference:
There is no Start menu in Windows 8, so you'll usually open applications from

the Start screen. Click the Start button to go to the Start screen, then click an app to 10
open it.
Working with windows
Whenever you open a file, folder, or application, it will appear in a new window.
You can have multiple items open at the same time in different windows. You'll use
windows all the time, so it's important to know how to switch between open windows,
how to move and resize windows, and how to close windows when you're done
using them.
In Windows 8, some programs will open on the Start screen, not the desktop. If
you're using Windows 8, note that the information below applies only to windows you
have opened on the desktop.
Parts of a window
You'll see the same three buttons in the upper-right corner of almost every
window. These buttons allow you to perform several functions, including these
below.
 Click the Minimize button to hide the window. The window will be
minimized to the taskbar. You can then click the icon for that window on the
taskbar to make it reappear.
 Click the Maximize button to make the window fill the entire screen.
Reference:
 If the screen is maximized, the Maximize button will be temporarily replaced

by the Restore button. Just click it to return the window to its original size. 11
 Click the Close button to close the window.
To move a window:
1. Click and drag the top of the window to move it to the desired location on the
screen. When you're done, release the mouse.
2. The window will appear in the new location.
To resize a window:
1. Hover the mouse over any corner of the window, then click and drag the
mouse to make the window larger or smaller. When you're done, release the
mouse.
Reference:
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2. The window will be resized.
Switching between windows
If you have more than one window open at the same time, you can quickly
switch between them by clicking the icon for that window on the taskbar.
Shutting down your computer
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When you're done using your computer, it's important to shut it down
properly. The procedure will vary slightly depending on which version of Windows 13
you're using.
To shut down your computer:
 If you're using Windows 10, click the Start button, then the Power icon,
then click Shut down.
 If you're using Windows 8, click the Start button to access the Start screen,
click the Power icon near the upper-right corner, and select Shut down. If
you don't see this option, it means you'll need to upgrade to Windows 8.1.
 If you're using Windows 7 or earlier, Click the Start button, then select Shut
down.
Reference:
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Restarting and Sleep mode
You can also click the power button button for more options. For example, if
your computer has become unresponsive, you can choose Restart to quickly turn it
off and on again.
You can also choose to put your computer into Sleep mode. This turns off most
of your computer's processes, but it remembers which applications and files are
open. It allows the computer to start up more quickly because you won't have to
wait for the operating system and applications to load. Note that your computer may
go into Sleep mode automatically if you haven't used it for more than a few minutes.
Reference:
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If you have a laptop, you can simply close the lid to put it into Sleep mode.
Waking your computer from Sleep mode
If your computer is in Sleep mode, you'll need to wake it to use it. To wake the
computer from Sleep mode, click the mouse or press any key on the keyboard.
Reference:
CHAPTER 3: WORKING WITH FILES

16
File basics
Understanding how to work with files and folders is an important part of using
your computer. Once you understand how files and folder work, you'll use them all
the time. In this lesson, we'll show you the absolute basics of working with files,
including how to open files, move your files into folders, and delete files.
What is a file?
There are many different types of files you can use. For example, Microsoft
Word documents, digital photos, digital music, and digital videos are all types of files.
You might even think of a file as a digital version of a real-world thing you can
interact with on your computer. When you use different applications, you'll often
be viewing, creating, or editing files.
Files are usually represented by an icon. In the image below, you can see a
few different types of files below the Recycle Bin on the desktop.
What is a folder?
Windows uses folders to help you organize files. You can put
files inside a folder, just like you would put documents inside a real folder. In the
image below, you can see some folders on the desktop.
File Explorer
You can view and organize files and folders using a built-in application known
as File Explorer (called Windows Explorer in Windows 7 and earlier versions).
Reference:
To open File Explorer

17
 Click the File Explorer icon on the taskbar, or double-click any folder on
your desktop. A new File Explorer window will appear. Now you're ready to
start working with your files and folders.
 From File Explorer, double-click a folder to open it. You can then see all
of the files stored in that folder.
Notice that you can also see the location of a folder in the address bar near
the top of the window.
Reference:
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To open a file:
There are two main ways to open a file:
 Find the file on your computer and double-click it. This will open the file
in its default application. In our example, we'll open a Microsoft Word
document (BdayInvites.docx), which will open in Microsoft Word.
 Open the application, then use the application to open the file. Once
the application is open, you can go to the File menu at the top of the window
and select Open.
Reference:
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Moving and deleting files
As you begin using your computer, you will start to collect more and more files,
which can make it more difficult to find the files you need. Fortunately, Windows
allows you to move files to different folders and delete files you longer use.
To move a file:
It's easy to move a file from one location to another. For example, you might
have a file on the desktop that you want to move to your Documents folder.
1. Click and drag the file to the desired location.
2. Release the mouse. The file will appear in the new location. In this example,
we have opened the folder to see the file in its new location.
Reference:
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You can use this same technique to move an entire folder. Note that moving a
folder will also move all of the files within that folder.
To create a new folder:
1. Within File Explorer, locate and select the New folder button. You can
also right-click where you want the folder to appear, then select New >
Folder.
2. The new folder will appear. Type the desired name for the folder and
press Enter. In our example, we'll call it School Documents.
Reference:
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3. The new folder will be created. You can now move files into this folder.
To rename a file or folder:
You can change the name of any file or folder. A unique name will make it
easier to remember what type of information is saved in the file or folder.
1. Click the file or folder, wait about one second, and click again. An editable
text field will appear.
2. Type the desired name on your keyboard and press Enter. The name will be
changed.
You can also right-click the folder and select Rename from the menu that
appears.
Reference:
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To delete a file or folder:
If you no longer need to use a file, you can delete it. When you delete a file, it is
moved to the Recycle Bin. If you change your mind, you can move the file from the
Recycle Bin back to its original location. If you're sure you want to permanently
delete the file, you will need to empty the Recycle Bin.
1. Click and drag the file to the Recycle Bin icon on the desktop. You can
also click the file to select it and press the Delete key on your keyboard.
2. To permanently delete the file, right-click the Recycle Bin icon and
select Empty Recycle Bin. All files in the Recycle Bin will be permanently
deleted.
Reference:
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Note that deleting a folder will also delete all of the files within that folder.
Selecting multiple files
Now that you know the basics, here are a few tips to help you move your files
even faster.
Selecting more than one file
There are a few ways to select more than one file at a time:
 If you're viewing your files as icons, you can click and drag the mouse to
draw a box around the files you want to select. When you're done, release
the mouse; the files will be selected. You can now move, copy, or delete all
of these files at the same time.
Reference:
 To select specific files from a folder, press and hold the Control key on
your keyboard, then click the files you want to select. 24
 To select a group of files from a folder, click the first file, press and hold
the Shift key on your keyboard, then click the last file. All of the files
between the first and last ones will be selected.
Selecting all files
If you want to select all files in a folder at the same time, open the folder in
File Explorer and press Ctrl+A (press and hold the Control key on your keyboard,
then press A). All of the files in the folder will be selected.
Reference:
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Ctrl+A is an example of a keyboard shortcut. We'll talk more about these in

our lesson on Keyboard Shortcuts in Windows.
If working with files and folders feels a little tricky right now, don't worry! Like
anything else, working with files and folders is largely a matter of practice. You'll start
to feel more comfortable as you continue using your computer.
Shortcuts
If you have a file or folder you use frequently, you can save time by creating
a shortcut on the desktop. Instead of navigating to the file or folder each time you
want to use it, you can simply double-click the shortcut to open it. A shortcut will
have a small arrow in the lower-left corner of the icon.
Note that creating a shortcut does not create a duplicate copy of the folder; it's
simply a way to access the folder more quickly. If you delete a shortcut, it will not
delete the actual folder or the files it contains. Also note that copying a shortcut onto
a flash drive will not work; if you want to bring a file with you, you'll need to navigate
to the actual location of the file and copy it to the flash drive.
To create a shortcut:
1. Locate and right-click the desired folder, then select Send to Desktop
(create shortcut).
Reference:
26
2. A shortcut to the folder will appear on the desktop. Notice the arrow in the
lower-left corner of the icon. You can now double-click the shortcut to open
the folder at any time.
You can also hold the Alt key on your keyboard, then click and drag the folder
to the desktop to create a shortcut.
Reference:
CHAPTER 4: FINDING FILES ON YOUR COMPUTER

27
In the previous lesson, we talked about how folders can help to keep your
files organized. However, there may be times when you have trouble finding a
certain file. If this happens to you, don't panic! The file is probably still on your
computer, and there are a few simple ways to find it. In this lesson, we'll show you
different techniques you can use to find your files, including searching and looking
in common places.
Common places to look for files
If you're having a difficult time finding a file, there's a good chance you can find
it in one of the following places:
 Downloads: By default, your computer will place downloaded files in a

specific folder, known as the Downloads folder. If you're having trouble
finding a file you downloaded from the Internet, such as a photo attached to
an email message, this is the first place you should look. To view the
Downloads folder, open File Explorer, then locate and
select Downloads (below Favorites on the left side of the window). A list of
your recently downloaded files will appear.
 Default folders: If you don't specify a location when saving a file, Windows
will place certain types of files into default folders. For example, if you're
looking for a Microsoft Word document, you could try looking in
the Documents folder. If you're looking for a photo, try looking in
the Pictures folder. Most of these folders will be accessible on the left side
of the File Explorer window.
Reference:
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 Recycle Bin: If you deleted a file by mistake, it may still be in the Recycle
Bin. You can double-click the Recycle Bin icon on the desktop to open it. If
you find the file you need, click and drag it back to the desktop or to a
different folder.
Searching for files
Let's say you recently downloaded a few photos that were attached to an email
message, but now you're not sure where these files are on your computer. If you're
struggling to find a file, you can always search for it. Searching allows you to look
for any file on your computer.
Reference:
To search for a file (Windows 10):

29
In the Cortana Search Box next to the Start button, type to search for a file.
The search results will appear above the search box.
To search for a file (Windows 8):
 Click the Start button to go to the Start screen, then start typing to search
for a file. The search results will appear on the right side of the screen.
Simply click a file or folder to open it.
Reference:
To search for a file (Windows 7 and earlier):

30
 Click the Start button, type the file name or keywords with your keyboard,
and press Enter. The search results will appear. Simply click a file or folder
to open it.
Tips for finding files
If you're still having trouble finding the file you need, here are some additional
tips.
 Try different search terms. If you're using the search option, try using
different terms in your search. For example, if you're looking for a certain
Microsoft Word document, try searching for a few different file names you
might have used when saving the document.
 Open the last application used to edit the file. If you know you used a
certain application to edit a file, open that application and select File > Open
> Recent from the menu. The file may appear in the list of recently edited
files.
Reference:
 Move and rename the file after finding it. Once you've located the file,
you may want to move it to a related folder so you can find it more easily 31
in the future. For example, if the file is a picture, you might move it to
your Pictures folder. You may also want to give it a file name that will be
easy to remember. You can review our lesson on Working with Files to learn
more about managing files.
Reference:
CHAPTER 5: COMMON COMPUTER TASKS

32
Learning how to use a computer can feel overwhelming at times. Fortunately,
there are some common computer skills that will work the same way in almost any
situation. Once you learn how to use these skills, you'll be able to use them to
perform a variety of tasks on your computer.
The Menu bar
Most applications have a Menu bar at the top of the window. Each menu has a
set of commands that will perform a specific action within the program. While each
application is different, there are some common commands that work the same
way, no matter which application you're using. Whenever you open a program for
the first time, try clicking these menus to see the various options available.
File menu commands
You'll find the File menu on the leftmost side of the Menu bar in almost every
application. The File menu will usually have the same type of commands. For
example, you can create a new file, open an existing file, and save the current file,
among other functions.
Reference:
Cut, copy, and paste

33
Many applications allow you to copy items from one place and then paste them
to another. For example, if you're working with a word processor, you might copy and
paste text to avoid typing the same thing over and over. If there's something you
want to move from one place to another, you can cut and paste instead.
To copy and paste:
1. Select the item you want to copy. In our example, we'll select a word in a
document.
2. Right-click the mouse and select Copy from the menu that appears. You
can also press Ctrl+C on your keyboard.
3. Locate and right-click the desired location for the item, then select Paste.
You can also press Ctrl+V on your keyboard.
Reference:
4. The item will be copied to the new location. Notice how the original text that
was copied has not been moved or changed. 34
To cut and paste:
1. Select the item you want to cut. In our example, we'll select a paragraph of
text in a document.
2. Right-click the mouse and select Cut from the menu that appears. You can
also press Ctrl+X on your keyboard.
3. Locate and right-click the desired location for the item, then select Paste.
You can also press Ctrl+V on your keyboard.
Reference:
35
4. The item will be pasted, or moved, to the new location. In our example, we
used the cut and paste commands to move the second paragraph above the
first paragraph.
To copy and paste files:
You can use the cut, copy, and paste commands for a variety of tasks on your
computer. For example, if you wanted to create a duplicate copy of a file, you
could copy it from one folder to another.
Reference:
1. Right-click the file and select Copy from the menu that appears. You can
also press Ctrl+C on your keyboard. 36
2. Locate and right-click the new location, then select Paste. You can also
press Ctrl+V on your keyboard. In our example, we'll paste the file to
the desktop.
Reference:
3. The duplicate file will appear. Notice how the original file has not been
moved or changed. Also, note that if you make a change to the original file, 37
it will not update any copies of that file.
Copying a file is not the same as creating a shortcut. You can review our
lesson on Working with Files to learn more about using shortcuts.
Undoing changes
Let's say you're working on a text document and accidentally delete some text.
Fortunately, you won't have to retype everything you just deleted! Most applications
allow you to undo your most recent action when you make a mistake like this. Just
locate and select the Undo command, which is usually in the upper-left corner of the
window near the Menu bar. You can also press Ctrl+Z on your keyboard. You can
continuing using this command to undo multiple changes in a row.
Note that the Undo command will work almost all of the time, but not in every
situation. For example, if you empty the Recycle Bin to permanently delete a file, you
can't undo the action.
Reference:
CHAPTER 6: ADJUSTING YOUR SETTINGS

38
At some point, you may want to adjust your computer's settings. For example,
you might want to change your desktop background or modify
your Internet settings. You can change these settings and more from the Control
Panel.
However, in Windows 10, the Control Panel has mostly been replaced by
the Settings app. The Control Panel is still available, but most of the tasks and
settings are now also located in the Settings app.
To open the Settings app (Windows 10):
 Click the Start button, then select the gear icon.
To open the Control Panel (Windows 10):
 Right-click the Start button, then select Control Panel.
Reference:
To open the Control Panel (Windows 8):

39
In Windows 8, you can open the Control Panel directly from the Start screen.
Using your keyboard, type Control Panel and press the Enter key.
To open the Control Panel (Windows 7 and earlier):
1. Click the Start button, then select Control Panel.
2. The Control Panel will appear. Simply click a setting to adjust it. In this
example, we'll click Change desktop background to choose a new
wallpaper for our desktop.
Reference:
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Adjusting application settings
You'll also be able to change the settings for different applications on your
computer. You will usually find application settings under File > Options, Tools >
Options, or within a separate Settings menu. Keep in mind that the location will
vary, and some applications may not have any settings you can change.
Reference:
CHAPTER 7: UNDERSTANDING USER ACCOUNTS

41
What are user accounts?
A user account allows you to sign in to your computer. By default, your

computer already has one user account, which you were required to create when
you set up your computer. If you plan to share your computer with others, you can
create a separate user account for each person.
Why use separate user accounts?
At this point, you may be wondering why you would even need to use separate
user accounts. But if you're sharing a computer with multiple people—for example,
with your family or at the office—user accounts allow everyone to save their own
files, preferences, and settings without affecting other computer users. When you
start your computer, you'll be able to choose which account you want to use.
Administrator, Standard, and Managed accounts
Before you create new user accounts, it's important to understand the different
types.
 Administrator: Administrator accounts are special accounts that are used

for making changes to system settings or managing other people's
accounts. They have full access to every setting on the computer. Every
computer will have at least one Administrator account, and if you're the
owner you should already have a password to this account.
 Standard: Standard accounts are the basic accounts you use for normal
everyday tasks. As a Standard user, you can do just about anything you
would need to do, such as running software or personalizing your desktop.
 Standard with Family Safety: These are the only accounts that can
have parental controls. You can create a Standard account for each child,
then go to the Family Safety settings in your Control Panel to set website
restrictions, time limits, and more.
Reference:
Generally, it's safer to be signed in to a Standard account than an Administrator

account. If you're logged in as an Administrator, it may actually make it easier for 42
an unauthorized user to make changes to your computer. Therefore, you may
want to create a Standard account for yourself, even if you're not sharing the
computer with anyone. You'll still be able to make Administrator-level changes;
you'll just need to provide your Administrator password when making these
changes.
Adding and managing user accounts
The process for adding and managing user accounts is quite different for each
version of Windows. To learn more about adding and managing user accounts,
review the appropriate lesson from these Windows tutorials:
 Windows 10: Managing User Accounts and Parental Controls

 Windows XP: Managing User Accounts
Switching between user accounts
If you have multiple user accounts on your computer, it's easy

to switch between users without signing out or closing your current apps. Switching
users will lock the current user, so you won't need to worry about someone else
accessing your account.
To switch between user accounts (Windows 10):
 Click the current user icon on the left side of the Start menu, then select
the desired user from the drop-down menu. The user will then need
to enter a password to sign in.
Reference:
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 Click the current user in the upper-right of the Start screen, then select
the desired user from the drop-down menu. The user will then need
to enter a password to sign in.
You can switch back by selecting the desired user from the drop-down menu.
You'll need to re-enter your password to unlock the account.
Reference:
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 Click the Start button, click the arrow next to Shut Down, and select Switch
user.
If you're finished using the computer, you can also choose to log off. This will
allow other users to sign in to the computer with different accounts.
Reference:
CHAPTER 8: KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS IN WINDOWS

45
Keyboard shortcuts are keys or a combination of keys you can press on your
keyboard to perform a variety of tasks. Using keyboard shortcuts is often faster than
using a mouse because you can keep both hands on the keyboard. Keyboard
shortcuts are also universal, which means you can use many of the same shortcuts
in a variety of applications. For example, you can use the shortcuts to copy and
paste text in a word processor and in a web browser.
Using shortcuts
Many keyboard shortcuts require you to press two or more keys in a specific
order. For example, to perform the shortcut Ctrl+X, you would press and hold
the Ctrl key, then press the X key, then release.
You'll use the Ctrl (Control) or Alt key to perform most keyboard shortcuts.
You'll find these keys near the bottom-left corner of your keyboard.
Working with text
These keyboard shortcuts are useful when working with text in word
processors, email applications, and more. They can help you perform commonly
repeated tasks, like copying and pasting text.
 Ctrl+X: Cut the selected text.

 Ctrl+C: Copy the selected text.
 Ctrl+V: Paste the copied or cut text.
 Ctrl+A: Select all of the text on the page or in the active window.
Reference:
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 Ctrl+B: Bold the selected text.

 Ctrl+I: Italicize the selected text.
 Ctrl+U: Underline the selected text.
Working with files and applications
You can use keyboard shortcuts to open, close, and switch applications.
When working with a file, like a Microsoft Word document, shortcuts can be used
to create new files, find words, and print.
 Ctrl+Alt+Delete: Force an unresponsive or frozen program to quit. This

keyboard shortcut opens the Task Manager. You can then select the
unresponsive application and close it.
Reference:
 Delete: Send a selected file or files to the Recycle Bin.

 Enter: Open a selected application or file. 47
 Ctrl+N: Create a new file.
 Ctrl+O: Open an existing file.
 Ctrl+S: Save the current file.
 Ctrl+Z: Undo the previous action. If you want to redo the action,
press Ctrl+Y.
 Windows key: Open the Start menu (or the Start screen in Windows 8).
Internet shortcuts
Keyboard shortcuts can also be used to navigate your web browser. Many of
the text shortcuts above are also useful online, like the shortcuts
for selecting, copying, and pasting text into your web browser's address bar. Note
that some of these shortcuts may work a bit differently depending on the web
browser you're using.
 Ctrl+N: Open a new browser window.

 Ctrl+T: Open a new browser tab.
 Ctrl+D: Bookmark the current page.

 Ctrl+B: View bookmarks.
 Ctrl+J: View recently downloaded files.
Reference:
Using the Alt key to navigate menus

48
When you press the Alt key, you will have access to all of the menus in the
current application. This means you can perform almost any task with just your
keyboard. For example, you can type Alt+F+X to quit an application. When
performing these shortcuts, you will not need to hold down the Alt key.
Finding more keyboard shortcuts
In many applications, you'll find keyboard shortcuts next to menu items.
In some applications, you may need to hover over a button to display its
keyboard shortcut.
Reference:
CHAPTER 9: COMMON APPLICATIONS IN WINDOWS

49
Windows comes with several useful applications already installed. These
applications can help you with many common tasks, including browsing the Internet,
managing your calendar, and shopping for music.
Most of these apps can be opened by clicking the Start button, then clicking the
icon of the app you want to open. You may need to navigate the Start menu to find
the app you're looking for. Take a look at our Navigating Windows lesson to learn
more.
Web browsers
Internet Explorer is one of the most well-known applications on the Internet,

primarily because it has come bundled with many versions of Windows for the past
20 years. It has a simple interface and most standard web browser features,
including bookmarking your favorite websites.
Reference:
Microsoft Edge replaces Internet Explorer in Windows 10 but serves the same
function. It has a few new features over Internet Explorer, including an option to 50
display webpages in an easy-to-read format and integration with other parts of
Windows 10.
Productivity
Windows 8 and Windows 10 include several productivity apps that can help you
with daily tasks, like managing your email and calendars, finding directions, and
organizing notes.
Mail and Calendar are apps that connect your accounts with other services,
such as Microsoft, Google, and Apple. They synchronize your mailboxes and
calendars within these services and display them in a single window on your
computer.
Maps, an app powered by Bing Maps, gives you access to all of the same
navigation and search features. It adds a few other features as well, like pinning
locations and saving directions on all of your Windows devices.
OneNote is the advanced note organization software originally included with

Microsoft Office, but now it's a default app in Windows 10. OneNote lets you create a
collection of notes that you can then search and share.
Reference:
Media
51
Photos, introduced in Windows 8, is a digital photo organizer that helps you
store, sort, and display photos on your computer. It also includes features for editing,
online storage, and sharing to social media.
Groove Music and Movies & TV are apps included with Windows 10 that
access Microsoft's online media services. Groove Music can play music stored on
your computer and OneDrive, and it can stream online music with the purchase of a
monthly subscription. You can play video files stored on your computer with Movies
& TV, and you can use it to shop for movies and TV shows online as well.
Windows Media Player is Microsoft's default basic media player that has come
with most versions of Windows. It can play most types of audio and video files stored
on your computer.
Settings
The Control Panel is where you can adjust your computer's settings and
configurations. The Settings app, introduced in Windows 8, gives you access to
most of your computer's settings but is designed in a new tablet style instead of the
classic Windows style.
Reference:
52
Reference:
CHAPTER 10: OPENING FILES WITH DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS

53
When you open a file in Windows, it will usually open in the default
application for that type of file. For example, a photo will open in Windows Photo
Viewer (or the Photos application in Windows 8) by default. But you may not always
want this. In this lesson, we'll show you how to open a file in a different
application, as well as how to change the default application so a file will always
open in your preferred program.
If you're using Windows 8, files will usually open in a Start screen application,
even if you opened it from the desktop. If you prefer to work in the desktop, you can
choose to open the file with a desktop application. For example, a jpeg picture in
Windows 8 will open in the Photos application by default, but you can open it on the
desktop in Windows Photo Viewer instead.
As you learned in our lesson on Working with Files, you can locate
and double-click a file to open it. It will open in the default application for that type
of file.
To open a file in a different application:
Sometimes you may want to open a file in a different application without

changing the default. For example, you may want to open a photo
with Microsoft Paint to crop or resize it.
1. From the desktop, right-click the desired file.
Reference:
54
2. From the drop-down menu, click Open with, then select the
desired application. In this example, we'll select Paint.
3. The file will open in the selected application.
Reference:
55
To change the default application:
You may prefer to change the default application for certain types of files so
they'll always open in the new app when you double-click them. For example, you
may want your photos to always open in Windows Photo Viewer instead of
the Photos application.
1. From the desktop, right-click the desired file, select Open with, and
click Choose another app from the menu that appears.
Reference:
2. Select the desired application. If you don't see the one you want,
click More apps or Look for an app in the Store to look for other 56
applications. In this example, we want to open the file in Windows Photo
Viewer. Then check off Always use this app to open .jpg files and
click OK.
3. The file will open in the new application. The next time you double-click a file
of that type, it will open in the new default application.
Reference:
CHAPTER 11: WORKING WITH FLASH DRIVES

57
What is a flash drive?
A flash drive is a small, removable hard drive that plugs into a USB port on
your computer. You can purchase a flash drive for less than $20 at just about any
retail store with an electronics department, and even at some grocery stores and
pharmacies. Flash drives are a convenient way to bring your files with you and
open them on a different computer. You could also use a flash drive to back
up important documents and other files. In this lesson, we'll show you how to use a
flash drive with your computer.
To connect a flash drive:
1. Insert the flash drive into a USB port on your computer. You should find a
USB port on the front, back, or side of your computer (the location may vary
depending on whether you have a desktop or a laptop).
2. Depending on how your computer is set up, a dialog box may appear. If it
does, select Open folder to view files.
Reference:
3. If a dialog box does not appear, open Windows Explorer and locate and
select the flash drive on the left side of the window. Note that the name of 58
the flash drive may vary.
Working with a flash drive:
Once you've connected a flash drive, you can work with it just like any other
folder on your computer, including moving and deleting files.
1. If you want to copy a file from your computer to the flash drive, click and
drag the file from your computer to this window.
2. The file will be duplicated, and this new version will be saved to the flash
drive. The original version of the file will still be saved to your computer.
Reference:
59
3. If you want to copy a file from your flash drive to your computer, click
and drag the file from this window to your computer.
4. If you want to remove a file from your flash drive, click and drag the file to
the Recycle Bin. A dialog box will appear. Click Yes to confirm that you
want to permanently delete the file.
Reference:
60
To safely remove a flash drive:
When you're done using a flash drive, don't remove it from the USB port just
yet! You'll need to make sure to disconnect it properly to avoid damaging files on the
drive.
1. Right-click the flash drive, then select Eject (or Disconnect).
2. You can now safely remove the flash drive from the USB port.
Reference:
CHAPTER 12: TROUBLESHOOTING BASIC PROBLEMS

61
Do you know what to do if your screen goes blank? What if you can't seem to
close an application, or can't hear any sound from your speakers? Whenever you
have a problem with your computer, don't panic! There are some basic
troubleshooting techniques you can use to fix issues like this. In this lesson, we'll
show you some simple things to try when troubleshooting, as well as how to solve
common problems you may encounter.
Basic troubleshooting techniques
There are many different things that could cause a problem with your computer.
No matter what's causing the issue, troubleshooting will always be a process of trial
and error. In some cases, you may need to use several approaches before you can
find a solution; other problems may be easy to fix. We recommend starting by using
the following tips.
 Write down your steps. Once you start troubleshooting, you may want
to write down each step you take. This way, you'll be able to remember
exactly what you've done so you can avoid repeating the same mistakes. If
you end up asking other people for help, it will be much easier if they know
exactly what you've already tried.
 Take notes about error messages. If your computer gives you an error
message, be sure to write down as much information as possible. You may
be able to use this information later to find out if other people are seeing the
same error.
 Always check the cables. If you're having trouble with a specific piece of
computer hardware, such as your monitor or keyboard, an easy first step is
to check all related cables to make sure they're properly connected.
 Restart the computer. When all else fails, one of the best things to try is
simply restarting the computer. This can solve a lot of basic issues you
may experience with your computer.
Troubleshooting specific problems
Now that you know a few troubleshooting techniques, we'll talk about possible
solutions for some of the most common problems you may encounter.
Problem: An application is running slowly
 Solution 1: Close and reopen the application.

 Solution 2: Update the application. To do this, click the Help menu and look
for an option to Check for Updates. If you don't find this option, another
idea is to run an online search for application updates.
Reference:
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Problem: An application is frozen
Sometimes an application may become stuck, or frozen. When this happens,

you won't be able to close the window or click any buttons within the application.
 Solution 1: Force quit the application. If a program has become completely

unresponsive, you can press (and hold) Ctrl+Alt+Delete (the Control, Alt,
and Delete keys) on your keyboard to open the Task Manager. You can
then select the unresponsive application and click End task to close it.
 Solution 2: Restart the computer. If you are unable to force quit an

application, restarting your computer will close all open apps.
Problem: The computer is frozen
Sometimes your computer may become completely unresponsive, or frozen.

When this happens, you won't be able to click anywhere on the screen, open or
close applications, or access shut-down options.
Reference:
 Solution 1: Restart Windows Explorer. To do this, press and

hold Ctrl+Alt+Delete on your keyboard to open the Task Manager. Next, 63
locate and select Windows Explorer from the Processes tab and
click Restart. If you're using Windows 8, you may need to click More
Details at the bottom of the window to see the Processes tab.
 Solution 2: Press and hold the Power button for 5-10 seconds. This will
force the computer to shut down.
 Solution 3: If the computer still won't shut down, you can unplug the
power cable from the electrical outlet. If you're using a laptop, you may be
able to remove the battery to force the computer to turn off. Note: This
solution should be your last resort after trying the other suggestions above.
Problem: The mouse/keyboard has stopped working
 Solution 1: If you're using a wired mouse or keyboard, make sure it's

correctly plugged in to the computer.
 Solution 2: If you're using a wireless mouse or keyboard, make sure it is
turned on and that its batteries are charged.
Problem: The screen is blank
 Solution 1: The computer may just be in Sleep mode. Simply click the
mouse or press any key on the keyboard to wake it.
 Solution 2: Make sure the monitor is plugged in and turned on.
Reference:
 Solution 3: Make sure the computer is plugged in and turned on.

 Solution 4: If you're using a desktop computer, make sure the monitor cable 64
is properly connected to the computer tower and the monitor.
Problem: I can't hear the sound on my computer
 Solution 1: Check the volume level. Click the audio button in the bottom-
right corner of the screen to make sure the sound is turned on and the
volume is up.
 Solution 2: Check the audio player controls. Many audio and video players
will have their own separate audio controls. Make sure the sound is turned
on and the volume is up in the player.
 Solution 3: Check the cables. Make sure external speakers are plugged in,
turned on, and connected to the correct audio port or a USB port. If your
computer has color-coded ports, the audio output port will usually
be green.
 Solution 4: Connect headphones to the computer to determine if you can
hear sound from the headphones.
Reference:
CHAPTER 13: WHY YOU SHOULD UPGRADE TO WINDOWS 10

65
Note: The Windows 10 free upgrade offer expired on July 29, 2016. If you still
want to upgrade to Windows 10, you'll need to purchase it from Microsoft.
Windows 10 is the most recent version of the Windows operating system for
PCs. Although it has mostly been well-received, Microsoft did attract
some controversy in 2016 due to its push to upgrade users from earlier versions of
Windows. Many users complained that it was difficult to opt out of the upgrade, and
in some cases their computers were upgraded without their knowledge. Despite this
controversy, we do still recommend that you upgrade your computer to Windows 10.
Why should I upgrade?
If you're happy with your current version of Windows, you might be

wondering why you should upgrade. After all, Windows updates have historically
created a number of problems for PC users, especially with the release of Windows
8. While Windows 10 is not without some issues, it's probably the
most stable and secure version of Windows that's ever been released. It also
includes several new features, including Microsoft Edge and Cortana, that can make
your computer feel a lot more powerful.
Reference:
66
Perhaps most importantly, Windows 10 will also continue to be supported by

Microsoft for much longer than Windows 7 or Windows 8. That's why we strongly
recommend taking advantage of the free upgrade offer before it expires. As with
any major operating system update, we also recommend backing up your
files before upgrading.
Reference:

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CHAPTER 2: NAVIGATING WINDOWS …………………………………………… 5

CHAPTER 3: WORKING WITH FILES ……………………………………………. 16

CHAPTER 4: FINDING FILES ON YOUR COMPUTER ………………………… 27

CHAPTER 5: COMMON COMPUTER TASKS …………………………………… 29

CHAPTER 6: ADJUSTING YOUR SETTINGS …………………………………... 38

CHAPTER 7: UNDERSTANDING USER ACCOUNTS …………………………. 41

CHAPTER 8: KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS IN WINDOWS ………………………. 45

CHAPTER 9: COMMON APPLICATIONS IN WINDOWS ………………………. 49

CHAPTER 10: OPENING FILES WITH DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS ……….. 53

CHAPTER 11: WORKING WITH FLASH DRIVES ………………………………. 57

CHAPTER 12: TROUBLESHOOTING BASIC PROBLEMS …………………… 61

CHAPTER 13: WHY YOU SHOULD UPGRADE TO WINDOWS 10 …………... 65

CHAPTER 1: ALL ABOUT WINDOWS

Windows is an operating system designed by Microsoft. The operating system

Windows makes it possible to complete all types of everyday tasks on your

Windows is also used in many offices because it gives you access

About this tutorial

Windows 8 vs. other versions

CHAPTER 2: NAVIGATING WINDOWS

Working with applications

An application—also known as a program—is a type of software that allows

2. The application will appear in a new window.

There is no Start menu in Windows 8, so you'll usually open applications from

Working with windows

 If the screen is maximized, the Maximize button will be temporarily replaced

 Click the Close button to close the window.

2. The window will appear in the new location.

2. The window will be resized.

Switching between windows

To shut down your computer:

Restarting and Sleep mode

Waking your computer from Sleep mode

CHAPTER 3: WORKING WITH FILES

To open File Explorer

There are two main ways to open a file:

Moving and deleting files

1. Click and drag the file to the desired location.

To create a new folder:

To rename a file or folder:

To delete a file or folder:

Selecting multiple files

Selecting more than one file

Selecting all files

Ctrl+A is an example of a keyboard shortcut. We'll talk more about these in

CHAPTER 4: FINDING FILES ON YOUR COMPUTER

Common places to look for files

 Downloads: By default, your computer will place downloaded files in a

Searching for files

To search for a file (Windows 10):

To search for a file (Windows 8):

To search for a file (Windows 7 and earlier):

Tips for finding files

CHAPTER 5: COMMON COMPUTER TASKS

The Menu bar

File menu commands

Cut, copy, and paste

To copy and paste:

To cut and paste:

To copy and paste files:

CHAPTER 6: ADJUSTING YOUR SETTINGS

To open the Settings app (Windows 10):

 Click the Start button, then select the gear icon.