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Edgar B.

Clarite III BSBA- 1

Rationale

Literature is our connection with our own human experience of life. It is the creative

representation and reproduction of what we have lived in and for. It describes, records and shares

our experiences, hopes and deliterature is our connectsires to other people. It is us speaking when

we are out of words. An essay could be you analyzing the different issues in the society; the novel

could be your subconscious retelling the memories you have suppressed; the poem could be your

emotions flowing out of your body.

Literature comes from the Latin word “litteratura,” which means “writing formed with

letters.” However, literature is not only enclosed in that meaning. Literature is anything and

everything that reproduces life experiences. It collects, organizes and sums up the entirety of

humanity, occasionally adding more color to it. When other people read literature, they are not just

being told of stories; they are being shown events, conflicts and perspectives, as if being physically

in the literature itself.

This are the literary approaches

Formalist Criticism: A formalist approach studies a text as only a text, considering its

features—for example, rhymes, cadences, literary devices—in an isolated way, not attempting to

apply their own say as to what the text means. In general, formalists are focused on the facts of a

text, because they want to study the text, not what others say about it.

Biographical Criticism: Assert that an author’s own life must affect his or her work. Is a

personal version historical criticism an author’s personal history must affect his or her work some
literature will be intentionally autobiographical, biographical criticism examines to what extent an

author’s life unintentionally affects his work.

Historical Criticism: This approach “seeks to understand a literary work by investigating

the social, cultural, and intellectual context that produced it a context that necessarily includes the

artist’s biography and milieu.” A key goal for historical critics is to understand the effect of a

literary work upon its original readers.

Gender Criticism: This approach “examines how sexual identity influences the creation

and reception of literary works.” Originally an offshoot of feminist movements, gender criticism

today includes a number of approaches, including the so-called “masculinist” approach recently

advocated by poet Robert Bly.

Psychological Criticism: The psychological approach is a unique form of criticism in that

it draws upon psychological theories in its interpretation of a text. Linking the psychological and

literary worlds bring a kind of scientific aspect into literary criticism. The three branches of

psychological criticism that we have discussed in class are Psychoanalytic criticism, trauma and

Cognitive criticism. The first approach that we have discussed was psychoanalytic criticism.

According to our Dictionary of Critical Theory, psychoanalysis is, “1) a discipline founded on a

procedure for the investigation of mental processes that are otherwise inaccessible because they

are unconcious; 2) a therapeutic method for the treatment of neurotic disorders; and 3) a body of

psychological data evolving into a new scientific discipline.” Freud believes that society

sublimates, or channels its unconscious through the creative process.


Sociological Criticism: This approach “examines literature in the cultural, economic and

political context in which it is written or received,” exploring the relationships between the artist

and society.

Mythological Criticism: This approach emphasizes “the recurrent universal patterns

underlying most literary works.” Combining the insights from anthropology, psychology, history,

and comparative religion, mythological criticism “explores the artist’s common humanity by

tracing how the individual imagination uses myths and symbols common to different cultures and

epochs.

Reader-Response Criticism: This approach takes as a fundamental tenet that “literature”

exists not as an artifact upon a printed page but as a transaction between the physical text and the

mind of a reader. It attempts “to describe what happens in the reader’s mind while interpreting a

text” and reflects that reading, like writing, is a creative process.

Deconstructionist Criticism: This approach “rejects the traditional assumption that

language can accurately represent reality.” Deconstructionist critics regard language as a

fundamentally unstable medium—the words “tree” or “dog,” for instance, undoubtedly conjure up

different mental images for different people—and therefore, because literature is made up of

words, literature possesses no fixed, single meaning.

Philippine literature is the literature associated with the Philippines and includes the

legends of prehistory, and the colonial legacy of the Philippines. Pre-Hispanic Philippine literature

were actually epics passed on from generation to generation originally through oral tradition.

However, wealthy families, especially in Mindanao were able to keep transcribed copies of these
epics as family heirloom. One such epic was the Darangen, epic of the Maranaos of Lake Lanao.

Most of the epics were known during the Spanish era.

Statement of the problem

1. Why we need to study the Philippine literature?

2. What is the importance study of literature?

3. What is sociological approach in literature?

Findings

We study literature so that we can better appreciate our literary heritage. Through

a study of our literature, we can trace the rich heritage of ideas handed down to us from our

forefathers. By the help of our literature we can understand ourselves better and take pride in being

a Filipino. The study of literature is important because it, at its most basic, improves reading skills.

From this involved reading of quality literature a student then develops their writing skills, as the

two go hand in hand (the best writers are avid readers, typically). Sociological

criticism examines literature in the cultural, economic, and political context in which it is written

or received. Sociological criticism also analyzes the social content of literary works—what

cultural, economic or political values a particular text implicitly or explicitly promotes.


Conclusion

I conclude that the study of literature in our lives is very important so that we should aware

what we should do in a proper way of writing skills it will improves our reading skills also and it

is very helpful for us to understand this matters or statements about the study of literature. One

influential type of sociological criticism is Marxist criticism, which focuses on the economic and

political elements of art, often emphasizing the ideological content of literature; because Marxist

criticism often argues that all art is political, either challenging or endorsing (by silence) the status

quo, it is frequently evaluative and judgmental, a tendency that “can lead to reductive judgment,

as when Soviet critics rated Jack London better than William Faulkner, Ernest Hemingway, Edith

Wharton, and Henry James, because he illustrated the principles of class struggle more clearly.”

Nonetheless, Marxist criticism “can illuminate political and economic dimensions of literature

other approaches overlook.”


References

(New York: HarperCollins, 1995), pages 1790-1818. “Critical Approaches to Literature”

http://home.olemiss.edu/~egjbp/spring97/litcrit.html

Dickson college “What is psychological criticism?”


http://blogs.dickinson.edu/anglesofliteraryapproach/category/psychological-criticism/

(Kennedy, 2071) “What is Gender Criticism?”

https://www.slideshare.net/shei7in/gender-critcism

Biographical Criticism A subcategory of Historical Criticism Liana Cote Montminy

https://www.slideshare.net/comoedu/biographical-criticism

“Classical literature in Spanish during the 19th Century”

http://public.over-blog.com/2016/02/philippine-literature.html

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