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Rationale
Literature is our connection with our own human experience of life. It is the creative
representation and reproduction of what we have lived in and for. It describes, records and shares
our experiences, hopes and deliterature is our connectsires to other people. It is us speaking when
we are out of words. An essay could be you analyzing the different issues in the society; the novel
could be your subconscious retelling the memories you have suppressed; the poem could be your
Literature comes from the Latin word “litteratura,” which means “writing formed with
letters.” However, literature is not only enclosed in that meaning. Literature is anything and
everything that reproduces life experiences. It collects, organizes and sums up the entirety of
humanity, occasionally adding more color to it. When other people read literature, they are not just
being told of stories; they are being shown events, conflicts and perspectives, as if being physically
Formalist Criticism: A formalist approach studies a text as only a text, considering its
features—for example, rhymes, cadences, literary devices—in an isolated way, not attempting to
apply their own say as to what the text means. In general, formalists are focused on the facts of a
text, because they want to study the text, not what others say about it.
Biographical Criticism: Assert that an author’s own life must affect his or her work. Is a
personal version historical criticism an author’s personal history must affect his or her work some
literature will be intentionally autobiographical, biographical criticism examines to what extent an
the social, cultural, and intellectual context that produced it a context that necessarily includes the
artist’s biography and milieu.” A key goal for historical critics is to understand the effect of a
Gender Criticism: This approach “examines how sexual identity influences the creation
and reception of literary works.” Originally an offshoot of feminist movements, gender criticism
today includes a number of approaches, including the so-called “masculinist” approach recently
it draws upon psychological theories in its interpretation of a text. Linking the psychological and
literary worlds bring a kind of scientific aspect into literary criticism. The three branches of
psychological criticism that we have discussed in class are Psychoanalytic criticism, trauma and
Cognitive criticism. The first approach that we have discussed was psychoanalytic criticism.
According to our Dictionary of Critical Theory, psychoanalysis is, “1) a discipline founded on a
procedure for the investigation of mental processes that are otherwise inaccessible because they
are unconcious; 2) a therapeutic method for the treatment of neurotic disorders; and 3) a body of
psychological data evolving into a new scientific discipline.” Freud believes that society
political context in which it is written or received,” exploring the relationships between the artist
and society.
underlying most literary works.” Combining the insights from anthropology, psychology, history,
and comparative religion, mythological criticism “explores the artist’s common humanity by
tracing how the individual imagination uses myths and symbols common to different cultures and
epochs.
exists not as an artifact upon a printed page but as a transaction between the physical text and the
mind of a reader. It attempts “to describe what happens in the reader’s mind while interpreting a
fundamentally unstable medium—the words “tree” or “dog,” for instance, undoubtedly conjure up
different mental images for different people—and therefore, because literature is made up of
Philippine literature is the literature associated with the Philippines and includes the
legends of prehistory, and the colonial legacy of the Philippines. Pre-Hispanic Philippine literature
were actually epics passed on from generation to generation originally through oral tradition.
However, wealthy families, especially in Mindanao were able to keep transcribed copies of these
epics as family heirloom. One such epic was the Darangen, epic of the Maranaos of Lake Lanao.
Findings
We study literature so that we can better appreciate our literary heritage. Through
a study of our literature, we can trace the rich heritage of ideas handed down to us from our
forefathers. By the help of our literature we can understand ourselves better and take pride in being
a Filipino. The study of literature is important because it, at its most basic, improves reading skills.
From this involved reading of quality literature a student then develops their writing skills, as the
two go hand in hand (the best writers are avid readers, typically). Sociological
criticism examines literature in the cultural, economic, and political context in which it is written
or received. Sociological criticism also analyzes the social content of literary works—what
I conclude that the study of literature in our lives is very important so that we should aware
what we should do in a proper way of writing skills it will improves our reading skills also and it
is very helpful for us to understand this matters or statements about the study of literature. One
influential type of sociological criticism is Marxist criticism, which focuses on the economic and
political elements of art, often emphasizing the ideological content of literature; because Marxist
criticism often argues that all art is political, either challenging or endorsing (by silence) the status
quo, it is frequently evaluative and judgmental, a tendency that “can lead to reductive judgment,
as when Soviet critics rated Jack London better than William Faulkner, Ernest Hemingway, Edith
Wharton, and Henry James, because he illustrated the principles of class struggle more clearly.”
Nonetheless, Marxist criticism “can illuminate political and economic dimensions of literature
http://home.olemiss.edu/~egjbp/spring97/litcrit.html
https://www.slideshare.net/shei7in/gender-critcism
https://www.slideshare.net/comoedu/biographical-criticism
http://public.over-blog.com/2016/02/philippine-literature.html