The Malaysian Grid Code Preface

P1.1.8 In ensuring reliability, security and power quality of supply in planning the
development and operation of the Grid System, the following processes
and related standards are applied by the GSO and Grid Owner:
(1) the Generation Reliability Standard which relates to provision of
sufficient firm Generation Capacity to meet the Demand with a
sufficient margin for plant maintenance, plant breakdown and plant
unavailability, i.e., scheduled and unscheduled Generating Plant
outages, to meet the annual and daily electric energy demand;
(2) the Transmission Reliability Standard which relates to provision of
sufficient Transmission Capacity, operational facilities, operation and
maintenance activities and co-ordination with generation and
distribution functions to enable continued supply of electric energy to
the Distributors, Network Operators and Directly Connected
Customers.
The above Standards ensure a degree of built-in redundancy for the Grid
System. However, occasionally there may be circumstances in which the
built-in redundancy is eroded to a degree where the continuity of supply
could be prejudiced. Therefore the levels of built-in redundancy is required
to be kept under continuous review in order to identify investments that
may be needed in order to ensure satisfactory reliability of supply in good
time.

P1.2 Development of the Grid System and the Grid Code

P1.2.1 Although the year 1953 can be considered the birth year of the Grid
System in Peninsular Malaysia, it was not until early 1970’s when the first
275kV transmission circuits were commissioned and started the rapid
expansion of the Grid System. In the late 1980’s, to cater for fast demand
growth and the need for a more secure Grid System, 500kV was chosen as
the next transmission voltage level and in 1996 the first 500kV circuits
were commissioned.

P1.2.2 The present day Grid System comprises both double-circuit 500kV and
275kV transmission lines connecting Power Stations and Demand centers.
The 275kV Transmission Network spans the whole Peninsular Malaysia;
north to south and east to west crossing the Main Range as well as
following the coastlines. Over the years, the 275kV Transmission Network
has developed from a simple radial point-to-point configuration to a
meshed network comprising major and minor loops and radial circuits
emanating from a main trunk line stretching from the Thai border in the
North to Singapore in the South. The 500kV Transmission Network is