Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
B. SRAVYA : (16TK1A0508)
G. HARINI : (16TK1A0529)
CERTIFICATE
EXTERNAL EXAMINER
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
LIST OF FIGURES i
ABSTRACT ii
1 INTRODUCTION 1
2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 4
3 LITERATURE SURVEY 7
5 SYSTEM ANALYSIS 13
6 SYSTEM DESIGN 17
7 DATABASE DESIGN 24
8 TESTING 26
9 SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION 29
11 REFERENCES 37
LIST OF FIGURES
S NO NAME PAGE NO
2 WORKING OF COMPONENTS 5
3 ANDROID ARCHITECTURE 14
6 FLOW CHART 31
ABSTRACT
The modern world is guided by the change in the technology day by day. Mostly the relevant
technologies have been developed in the world for making people’s life easier and better day
by day. Android is the latest and a rapid growing technology available for all the users or
users in today’s market. An enormous increase in the end user acceptance has been
experienced in the past few years. The project is based on the latest GPS technology which
enables college management team a better way to keep eye on the activity of the college
buses and manage schedule as well as provide real time bus location for the students using
bus service. This paper proposes an Android mobile phone application that gives information
about buses, bus numbers as well as bus routes/stops online. The proposed system is
completely integrated online bus tracking systems using database. It provides the facility of
tracking the particular college bus’s location in the google map. They can also view the bus
The present generation requires the information time to time. The use of technology
have been increasing day by day. So we are planning for the combination of present
technology with the requirement of information transmission, we planned for the
creative approach of “Vehicle Tracking System using GPS and GSM”.
To overcome the drawbacks of the previous methods of paper based
and we introduce a project to track a vehicle using GPS and GSM. This Vehicle
Tracking System can also be used for Accident Detection Alert System, Soldier
Tracking System and many more, by just making few changes in hardware and
software and widely in tracking Cabs/Taxis, stolen vehicles, school/colleges buses
etc.
There are buses made available for passengers travelling distances, but not
many passengers have complete information about these buses. Complete
information namely the number of buses that go to the required destination, bus
numbers, bus timings, the routes through which the bus would pass, time taken for
the bus to reach, maps that would guide the passenger with his/her route and most
poly a the current location of the bus and give the correct time for the bus to reach its
bus stop. The proposed system deals with overcoming the problems stated above the
users.
Android is an open source mobile software environment. Brought up by
Google, the operating system has been made Linux based and uses Java programming
language. It has a virtual machine that is used to optimize memory usage as well as
resources. This application has been developed using IDE (Android Studio 1.6) with
ADT (Android Development Tools) and Android SDK (Software Development Kit).
There are a number of need to be satisfied.
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1.1 Purpose
The main goal of the proposed work is to improve the bus system by adding the
necessary additional features into the application like accurate bus timings, correct
bus end moreover adding a GPS tracker in it This study accepts input in the form of
selection of the source and destination and selection of the bus travelling the distance
to display the entire details about the routes and also track the location of the
respective bus and give the map for the same
The last two decades have seen growing interest in the development of Android based
platform. Our review of this area shows that there have been only few approaches
that provide automated tools for the functioning of the application
in the section below. A number of system development life cycle (SDLC) models
have been created: waterfall, fountain and spiral build and fix. rapid prototyping,
incremental, and synchronize and stabilize. The oldest of these, and the best known is
the waterfall model: a sequence of stages in which the output of each stage becomes
the input for the next. These stages can be characterized and divided up in different
ways, including the followinG
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Project planning, feasibility study: Establishes a high-level view of the dead
project and determines its goals.
Systems analysis, requirements definition: Refines project goals into defined
functions and operation of the intended application. Analysis end-user
information needs.
Systems design: Describes desired features and operations in detail, including
screen layouts, business rules, process diagrams, pseudo code and other
documentation
Implementation: The real code is written here.
Integration and testing: Brings all the pices together into a special testing
environment, then checks for errors, bugs and interoperability
Acceptance, installation, deployment: The final stage of initial development,
where the software is put into production and runs actual business.
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CHAPTER 2
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
IMPLEMENTATION
Project is designed in four parts where each part is responsible for different aspects.
Essentially, main activity handles instantiate methods and pre-configured process for
Location Manager dass such as manage the previous location, current location,
distance between two location and status check whether GPS is on or off. It also
consists standard Android methods eg onPause(). onResume) and onDestroy.
Particularly and on KeyDown function manage post-configuration process in orda to
set the device for regular use. Killing services and setting speaker o again can be
named as these
2.1 Overview
Location based bus tracking system server should be auto start on installation or boot
up. Then it can find current latitude and longitude values with previous latitude and
longitude values, and store it to server database. Database use to manage the database
of the application, then user will check for the bus and gets information from
database for that
particular location then application will behave according to user interface
application will simply allow user to add, delete, and update the database.
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Fig:-LBS COMPONENT
The passengers can easily select bus route number and their pfm the list of bus
route numbers and know where the bus is and how long will it take to reach
their stop.
They can also know the exact location of the bus on the Google Map which
provides them a better idea on the where abouts of the bus.
The list of bus routes and their corresponding stops can be managed using the
website which shapes the admin a better hold on the application.
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This application helps the students and staff to track their buses and also
college authorities to manage efficient
i. REGSISTRATION
ii. BUS TRACKING MODULE
iii. ROUTE FINDING MODULE
2.3.1 REGISTRATION
This module is provided for the user to register themselves with details such as name,
password, confirm password, email id, mobile number as shown in the figure 2 and
use the application for tracking the college bus. The registered users can login
with their user name and password once they are registered.
In this module when the bus route is selected the appropriate bus is found using the IP
address of that particular bus. Then the location of the bus is tracked using its latitude
and longitude. Corresponding to the bus movement the change in latitude and
longitude are updated in the database for every minute.
In this module the updated latitude and longitude value in the database is used to find
the exact location of the bus using The bus source and destination, user, bus are
displayed in the Google map with different colors to distinctly identify them.
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CHAPTER 3
LITERATURE REVIEW
The need for efficient public transportation system such as buses is rapidly
increased due to the increasing in population, the students need to predict the arrival
time of the bus and then plan their journey from their home. Fuel monitoring have
been the major problem that most of bus companies looking to solve. Due to the rapid
advancement in technology it had been designed and implemented almost in every
vehicle nowadays. This system develops a bus tracking and monitoring the fuel to
provide a facility for the management requirements by the administrator. This system
based on Arduino, GSM/GPS by which we can predict arrival time in addition to
graphically showing the bus location on Google map. The use of the fuel sensor in
this system is to monitor the fuel level.
In this fast life, everyone is in hurry to reach their destinations. In this case
waiting for the buses is not reliable. People who rely on the public transport their
major concern is to know the real time location of the bus for which they are waiting
for and the time it will take to reach their bus stop. This information helps people in
making better travelling decisions. This paper gives the major challenges in the
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public transport system and discuses various approaches to intelligently manage it.
Current position of the bus is acquired by integrating GPS device on the bus and
coordinates of the bus are sent by either GPRS service provided by GSM networks or
SMS or RFID. GPS device is enabled on the tracking device and this information is
sent to centralized control unit or directly at the bus stops using RF receivers. This
system is further integrated with the historical average speeds of each segment. This
is done to improve the accuracy by including the factors like volume of traffic,
crossings in each segment, day and time of day. People can track information using
LEDs at bus stops, SMS, web application or Android application. GPS coordinates of
the bus when sent to the centralized server where various arrival time estimation
algorithms are applied using historical speed patterns.
In a world filled with busy schedules it becomes almost certain that a person is
not able to keep up with his commitments on time due to a number of reasons. One of
the main reasons being the inability to commute on time, i.e. we might be late to
catch the vehicle or the vehicle might be delayed due to traffic, roadblock or a
breakdown. Due to this very reason a lot of work is left unfinished and considerable
amount of valuable time is lost. In this work we address this very problem which is
quite prominent in institution, due to which a lot of teachers and students are unable
to arrive in time and proceed with their classes. This prompted us to come up with an
application that allows us to track all of the busses in institution, providing an
alternate bus, along with the shortest route from the user to the bus and also
informing the student or faculty when the bus is missed.
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3. 4 DESIGN OF ANDROID MOBILE BASED BUS TRACKING SYSTEM
AUTHOR:- K SUJATHA P V NAGESWARA RAO K J SRUTHI
2014 First International Conference on Networks & Soft Computing
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CHAPTER 4
analyzing the business needs of their clients and stakeholders to help identify
business problems and propose solutions. Within the system development life cycle
domain, the BA typically performs a liaison function between the business side of an
between customers and contractors or suppliers (in market-driven projects, these roles
may be played by the marketing and development divisions) on what the software
and reduces later redesign. It should also provide a realistic basis for estimating
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4.1 Hardware Requirements
RAM : 1 GB or uns
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4.3 Web Server Requirement:
The Web Server Subsystem shall use insert-db.php & get php to HTTP
requests/ responses to Web Application Subsystem and the Database Subsystem
Map API requires some permissions in order to establish a connection. These must
have mention in Android manifest le. These permissions are
Internet This permission is required for to access the internet using the
application
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CHAPTER-5
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
5.1 Android
5.1.1 Overview
Android runs on Linux with libraries and libraries written in C. Dan Momill Android
Engineer in Google, explained that Android is not a specification, or a distribution in
the traditional Linux sense. It's not a collection of replaceable components. Android is
a chunk of software that you port to a device. (Dan Morrill, 2010) Android uses the
Dalvik Virtual Machine to run Dalvik Executable code translated from Java bytecode.
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5.1.2 Architecture
Android runs on Linux under Dalvik VM. Dalvik has a just-in-time compiler where
the byte code stored in memory is compiled to a machine code. Byte code can be
defined as intermediate level'. JIT compiler reads the bytecode in many sections and
compiles dynamically in order to run the program faster.
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5.2 Android Studio and Android SDK
Android Studio is the official IDE for Android app development, based on Intel IDEA
On top of late powerful code editor and developer tools, Android Studio offers eva
more features that enhance your productivity when building Android apps, such as
A rich layout editor with support for drag and drop theme editing
Code shrinking with ProGuard and resource shrinking with Gradle Buik-in
support for Google Cloud Platform, making it easy to integrate Google
Cloud Messaging and App Engine
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5.3 SQLite Database
A GPS tracking unit is a device, normally carried by a moving vehicle or person, that
mes the Global Positioning System to determine and track its precise location, and
hence that of its career, at intervals The recorded location data can be stored within
the tracking unit or it may be transmitted to a central location data base, or Internet-
connected computer, using a cellular (GPRS or SMS), radio, or satellite modem
embedded in the unit. This allows the asset location to be displayed against a map
backdrop either in real time or when analyzing the track later, using GPS tracking
software. Data tracking software is available for smartphones with GPS capability
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CHAPTER 6
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
This chapter describes features, fragments, classes, architecture and the application
itself by providing necessary information of major components First, an overall
information is given along with project's components and classes. Subsequently, the
architecture details of the application is discussed. Section describes classes and
methods under this sections
6.1 Overview
Application starts with instantiating Location Manager. This is needed to track user
location Detailed description regarding Location Manager is provided in this section
Next. UI and user interaction handling sets up all necessary selections
6.2 Components
This class provides access to the system location services. These services allow
applications to obtain periodic updates of the device's geographical location, or to fire
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an application specified Intent when the device enters the proximity of a given
geographical location. You not instantiate this class directly: instead through Context
getSystemService (Context LOCATION SERVICE). Unless noted all Location API
methods require all Location API methods the ACCESS COARSE LOCATION or
ACCESS FINE LOCATION permission If your application only has the coarse
permission then it will not have access to the GPS a passive location provider. Other
providers will still return location results, but the update rate will be throttled and the
exact location will be obfuscated to cloudy
6.2.2 Fragments
Fragments handle core operations in this project such as Tracking establishing
connection, opening sockets, showing details of buses. They are briefly responsible
for managing all session and configuring operations. Fragments also include
asynchronous methods with respect to file & text transfer as well as socket
connection.
BLOCK DIAGRAM:-
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6.5 Data Flow Diagram
The DFD was first developed by Eary Constiane as a way of expressing system in
graphical form-A DFD, also known as Bubble Chart, has a purpose of darifying
system Requirements and identifying major transformation that will become the
programs in the system design.
DFD SYMBOLS
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6.5.1 Data flow Diagram
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6.6 UML DIAGRAMS
6.6.1 Activity Diagram
Activity diagram is basically a flow chart to represent the flow for one activity to
another activity. The activity can be described as an operation of the system. So the
control flow is drawn from one operation to another. This flow can Be sequential
Iwanched or Concurrent
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6.6.3 Use-Case Diagram
case diagram at its simplest representation of user's interaction with the system
that shows the relationship wet and the different use cases in which the user is
use case diagram can identify the different types of users of a system and the
different use cases and will often be accompanied by other types of diagrams as well.
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CLASS DIAGRAM:
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CHAPTER 7
DATABASE TECHNOLOGY
Table 1. Schedule
From Varchar
To Varchar
Time Varchar
Table 2. Route
From Varchar
To Varchar
Numbers_of_Buses Integer
Bus_Number Integer
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7.2 The Entity Relationship Diagram (E-R Diagram)
4. Lines linking attribute to entity sets and entity sets to relationship sets.
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CHAPTER 8
TESTING
Testing is price, which reveals error in the program. It is the major quality measures
employed during software development During software development. During testing
the program in etuted with a set of test cases and the output of the program for the
test cases eval used to determine if the program is performing as it is expected to
perform
In order to make sure that the system does not have errors the different levels of
testing strategies that are applied at differing phases of software development are:
Unit Testing is done on individual modules as they are completed and become
executable.
It is confined only to the designer's requirements Each module can be tested using the
following two Strategies
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Incorrect or missing functions
Inserface enurs
Errors in data structure or external database.
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8.2.1 Bottom up Approach:
Testing can be performed air fm e and lowest iv md and proceeding
a at a time. For nch module in bottom up testing a sot pgra eces he mode
and provides the needed data o tht the module is asked to perform the way it will
when embedded within the largar system.
This type of testing starts from upper level modules. Since the details a usually
performed in the lower level routines are not provided subs wn A stub is a module
shell called by upper level module and that when zached people we return a message
the calling module indicating that proper interaction occurred. No attempt is made to
verify the correctness of the lower level module
The system has been tested and implemented successfully and ths mared tha all
the requirements as listed in the software requirements specification are completely
fulfilled. In case of erroneous input corresponding error messages are displayed
In software project management software testing, and software engineering,
verification and validation (V&V) is the process of checking that software system
meets specifications and that it fli ib indeed prpose It may also be referred to as
software quality control. It is normally the responsibility of software testers as part of
the software development life cycle Validation checks that the product design
satisfies or fits the intended use (high-level checking), ie. the software meets the user
requirements. This is done through dynamic testing and other forms of review
Verification and validation are not the same thing sugh they are often confused
Bochum succinctly expressed the difference between
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CHAPTER 9
SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
Project is designed in four parts where each part is responsible for different aspects.
Essentially, main activity handles instantiate methods and pre-configured process for
Location Manager dass such as manage the previous location, current location,
distance between two location and status check whether GPS is on or off. It also
consists standard Android methods eg onPause(). onResume) and onDestroy.
Particularly and on KeyDown function manage post-configuration process in orda to
set the device for regular use. Killing services and setting speaker o again can be
named as these
The proposed system requires Android Studio that is an open source software
development environment. Eclipse consists of an Extensible plugin system and an
IDE The Android Project has been developed in the Android Studio 4.0, as it has
plugins that are mainly used for Android.
In this phase, the application is coded. Coding for different modules of the same
prototype can proceed in parallel. The development process can be in two stages:
Coding for Functional Requirement and Coding for UI requirements. The code is
developed first for the core functionalities. Parallel development can be done for
modules of the same prototype that are independent of each other. Subsequently,
these modules can be integrated. In the second stage, user interface is designed so
that it can be supported on as many mobile operating system platforms as possible; it
29
is not good practice to have a different look and feel for the same application on
different platforms. The minimum set of interface components present in all mobile
OS platforms should be used in the design. Finally, the documentation of the
development phase is then forwarded to the prototyping phase.
9.3 ALGORITHMS:-
STEPS:-
1. Find the closest node from the first GPS point (i.e.,Initial point).
2. Check whether the next point is an outlier. If not, then select all the road
segments that pass through the closest node, otherwise take this point as the initial
point and go to step-1.
3. Using the weighting formula, choose the correct link.
These two points (i.e., initial point and its next point should be matched to this link.
4. Determine the vehicle position on the correct link for each of the two points.
5. Check whether the next point is an outlier. If yes, then go to step-1 and take it
as the initial point.
6. If not, map this point on the same link and determine its position and continue
this process until the above conditions are true
7. otherwise go to step-1.
8. Repeat step-5 until all points has been matched.
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FLOW CHART:-
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9.4 SAMPLE CODE:-
package com.nyubustracker.activities.test;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.test.ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2;
import android.test.ViewAsserts;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.TextSwitcher;
import android.widget.TextView;
import com.nyubustracker.R;
import com.nyubustracker.activities.MainActivity;
import com.nyubustracker.helpers.MultipleOrientationSlidingDrawer;
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private String safeRideTextCorrect;
public MainActivityTest() {
super(MainActivity.class);
}
@Override
protected void setUp() throws Exception {
super.setUp();
mActivity = this.getActivity();
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callSafeRideButton = (TextView)
mActivity.findViewById(R.id.safe_ride_button);
drawer = (MultipleOrientationSlidingDrawer)
mActivity.findViewById(R.id.sliding_drawer);
startTextCorrect = mActivity.getString(R.string.start);
safeRideTextCorrect = mActivity.getString(R.string.call_safe_ride);
endTextCorrect = mActivity.getString(R.string.end);
decorView = mActivity.getWindow().getDecorView();
}
public void testStartText_layout() {
ViewAsserts.assertOnScreen(decorView, startText);
assertTrue(View.VISIBLE == startText.getVisibility());
}
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SCREENSHOTS:-
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CHAPTER 10
This project will be put up on the cloud platform, so that it will be accessible by
every Android user The application will prove beneficial for every bus traveler, or
even tourists Not just
buses, but this application will be useful for every person travelling by any means of
transport The Location Tracker will give the act location of the bus which will make
it easy for the passengers to travel
10.2 CONCLUSION
The conclusions of this study suggest that knowledge of specific domain improves
the This has been implemented on Android platform. Also, different attributes
have been added to the project which will prove to be advantageous to the system.
The requirements and specifications have listed above. This project implemented
using Android and the SQL domain. Using the GPS system, the application will
automatically display the maps and routes to the different locations and also track the
bus location using client-server technology and forward it to the client device. basic
measurements of distance between two locations and provides necessary details of
each and every route for people to easily pick up buses or any other conveyance
possible on the specified Specific location details are provided to the user along with
bus so that the person can identify the bus uses remote server its database. Due to this
the records can be easily manipulated on the device itself and the server burden gets
reduced
36
REFERENCES
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