THERESIAN SCHOOL OF CAVITE

Agueda Lane, Tirona Highway, Habay, Bacoor

City Cavite

(046) 434. 3109/431. 7855/ 431. 8654

theresianschool_ofcavite@yahoo.com.ph

A Correlational Study of the Student’s Sleep Duration and their

Metamemory in St.Peregrine Institute and City of Bacoor Dulong

Bayan Senior Highschool

In Partial Fulfillment of

Subject

Practical Research 2

By:

Genson, Crystalle Mae A.

Dumpit, Maria Cassandra Heyu

Porqueza, King Ezekiel

Sarinas, Sandro Jr.

Navarro, Irah Marie

Recierdo, Jelai Marie

Gervacio, John Paul

September 9, 2019
 CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Background of the Study

Sleep deprivation is one of the public health issues for

Filipinos specially for students. The sleep duration plays a

vital role in individual’s life and like food, sleep is one of

the basic human needs, because this our body’s way of

recharging.

Sleep is important to students because it could help the

students to function well in their school, sleep deprivation

could result to poor performance in school. Sleep deprivation

may also decrease auditory and linguistic understanding.

(Axelsson,2019) On the other hand, a student’s metamemory also

plays an important role to them academically because most of the

time students memorize the lessons and terms for examinations

rather than analyze them; they’re more comfortable doing this.

The researchers are expected to conduct a study in St. Peregrine

Institute and Dulong Bayan Senior Highschool with the total

number of 519 random respondents coming from Senior Highschool

Department.

The related studies foundation of this research is the

entitled “Sleep Improves Memory: The Effect of Sleep on Long

Term Memory in Early Adolescence”, a foreign study that tackles

about the relationship of the an individual’s sleep duration to

the metamemory.

The purpose of this study is to determine if there is any link

between the student’s sleep duration and their metamemory

because through this the students would be able to be aware.

Research Framework

Figure 1. Correlational Study of the Student’s Sleep duration

and

Metamemory

Sleep Duration Metamemory

This framework shows the relationship between the student’s

sleep duration and their metamemory. It aims to show the idea of

sleep duration and metamemory have effects to each other.

Research Problem
 The purpose of this correlational study is to determine if

there is any link or relation between the student’s sleep

duration and their metamemory. Moreover, this study aims to

answer the following questions:

1. What is the frequent student’s sleep duration?

2. Does the sleep duration affect their memorization skills?

3. Is there any link between the student’s sleep duaration

and metamemory?

Significance of the Study

A students’ sleep quality is very important because through

this, it may improve their memory to be able to do great in

their academic performance. We believe that the youth is the

hope of our nation that is why we should seek solutions for the

problems that might hinder them from achieving their goals.

Students will be the main beneficiary of this study

because, if ever, they could know the links between their

metamemory and sleep duration. The students' lifestyle could be

healthier if they consider their sleep quality.

On the other hand, parents could also benefit in this study

because through this, they could be more aware about the factors

that could affect their child’s memory and, in that case, they
will be able to guide their child for a healthy lifestyle. And

lastly, the future researchers will benefit to this study

because they will be able to deepen the study and help the

society to one it’s of major issues.

Hypothesis

𝑯𝟎 : 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑝 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑙𝑒𝑒𝑝 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠

𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑟 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑟y

Scopes and Delimitation

The reserchers aims to determine if there is any

relationship between the student’s sleep duration and

metamemory.

7 researchers are expected to conduct a survey in St.

Peregrine Institute and City of Bacoor Dulong Bayan Senior High

school within 1 month.

On the other hand, the details that are not mentioned

above is the delimitation of the study.

Definition of Terms

Metamemory. Refers to an individual’s capacity to self-control

their memory and the process of memorizing.

Sleep Duration. The number of an individual’s sleep duration

Sleep deprivation. Occurs when an individual fails to get enough

sleep.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

AND STUDIES

Nowadays, students are sleep deprived and this hinders

their memories. According to a study conducted in Michigan State

University, that memory maintenance is the real culprit in the

issue or as psychologist call it, the individual’s metamemory.

Metamemory is an individual’s self-control or capacity to

memorize-- with an unstable memory maintenance it’s hard to keep

track on the task to do without making any missteps. Not only is

our memory affected but also our behavior and learning capacity,

this can cause daytime sleepiness. Daytime sleepiness is when an

individual feels tired even in the day or even when the

individual had prolonged nighttime sleep. According to Journal

caring Sciences, the recommended sleep duration for children is

9-11 hours and for teenagers is 8-10 hours. The inconsistency of

this sleep pattern is mostly caused by delayed homework, playing

video games or late-night television watching. Other factors

such as climate changes, customs and culture can affect an

individual’s sleep pattern, therefore affecting the memory of an

individual.

Sleep has been studied as a state in which it helps the

newly acquired information in memory became more consolidated,

it also depends on the specific area and conditions of learning

and the hours of sleep of an individual. Consolidation during

sleep promotes both qualitative and quantitative information

became more solid when it comes to representation,

interpretation and memorization. (Diekelmann & Born, 2010). A

study made in 2011 showed that sleep deprivation can affect an

individual’s “Executive Functioning”, according to this study,

executive functioning is an individual’s management system, it

is responsible for directing attention, planning and mental

representations. (Bawden, Oliveira, & Caramelli, 2011), people

that have the least required hours of sleep are actually a soon

to be “human ticking time-bomb”. A person who is sleep deprived

cannot stay in focus and cannot learn efficiently. Research has

also focused on sleep and its role in procedural memory—the

remembering "how" to do something (for example, riding a bicycle

or playing the piano).

There are studies that proves that the memory of an

individual can still work during its offline periods, especially

when sleeping. Proven that the offline processing can also lead

to improvement of performance in circumstances that requires

relational area of learnings. (Jeffrey M. Ellenbogen, Peter T.

Hu, Jessica D. Payne, Debra Titone, & Matthew P. Walker, 2007).

Studies also found that adults are more resistant to sleep

deprivation, while children and adolescents that are sleep

deprived have poorer executive function. Because a lot of us are

doing it mostly every day, sleep deprivation can lead to serious

mental illness and brain-damage. (Michael K. Scullin & Donald L.

Bliwise, 2015).

Related Study

Sleep Improves Memory: The Effect of Sleep on Long Term Memory

in Early Adolescence
This study published last August 7, 2012 was related to the
study of the researchers because on this study, it talks about
how the sleep can improve the memory of an individual,
specifically on the long-term memory in early adolescence in
which suits to the respondents of the researchers in this study,
the senior high school students from Dulong Bayan Senior High
School and Saint Peregrine Institute.
In this study, it is clearly stated in their abstract that
sleep plays crucial role in the consolidation of the memory, the
Declarative memory is significantly improved by sleep in a
sample of normal adolescents. And yet, this study has been most
clearly shown and studied in the respondents of adult for
testing the procedural memory (i.e skills and procedure) and
declarative memory (e.g. recall of facts). The effects of sleep
and memory are relatively unstudied in adolescents.
 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

Research design is a framework of methods and techniques

chosen by a researcher to combine various components of research

in a reasonably logical manner so that the research problem is

efficiently handled. (Bhat, 2019).

A correlational study determines whether or not two

variables are correlated or has a relationship. (Kallah, 2019).

The researchers used the correctional design to know if

there is a relationship between the two variables which is the

sleep duration and the metamemory of the senior high school

students.

Having the right amount of sleep duration can lead to a

healthy lifestyle and can prevent long-time mental illnesses and

brain damage and have better memory processing.

Sampling and Participants

The researchers will use proportionate stratified random

sampling to give an equal representation to each stratum of the

accessible population. Slovin's formula was usually used in

estimating and calculating sample size so the researchers will

use this formula to get the desired sample size from the

population.

𝑁
𝑛=
1 + 𝑁𝑒 2
will be the formula to be used in deriving the sample size.

Computation for the samples to be taken in St. Peregrine

Institute:

631
𝑛=
1 + 𝑁(0.05)2

n= 245

Where...

N=represents the population

e=represents the marginal error

n= is the sample size to be taken from the population

Computation for the samples to be taken in Dulong Bayan Senior

High school:

870
𝑛=
1 + 𝑁(0.05)2

n= 274
Where...

N represents the population

e represents the marginal error

n is the sample size to be taken from the population

Ethical Consideration

This section will contain all the ethical issue that need

to be given attention while conducting the research.

Respect to the owner of the articles.

Any statements and information that the researchers will

put in this research are not plagiarized and will be all cited

properly.

Respondents’ rights to be protected from any harm.

The researchers will take responsibility of the protection

of participants. Since the researchers’ main objective is to

know if the sleep duration level of a person has a relationship

to the person’s metamemory. The research will make sure that

each question included in the survey questionnaire will not

trigger any harm to be respondents’ emotional being. The

researchers will avoid any discrimination of the participants’

sleep duration level that may harm them.

Confidentiality.

Any information about the participants especially the

personal information will be completely and strictly

confidential. When gathering and analysing of data is done, the

data to be collected by the researchers both hard copy and soft

copy will be kept in one personal space to secure the

confidentiality of the participants and the data collected from

them.

Voluntary Participation.

Before giving the questionnaires to the randomly chosen

participants, the researchers will first explain everything

about the questionnaire to the students and the school head. The

participants will not be forced to participate. The participants

are free to accept and negate their participation to the

research study.
Honesty.

After gathering of data, the researchers will honestly

state all the data to maintain the credibility and reliability

of the study and the researchers.

Integrity.

The researchers will make sure that all the promises and

agreement they made with the participants about the research

will be attained.
Research Instrument

will use the Pearson r to compute the correlation of two

variables

Figure 3. Data Collection Procedure

After adopting a research instrument, the researchers will do a room to room

survey with their provided questionnaires.
Phase
1

Before distributing the questionnaires, the researchers will explain every

information needed including the objective and relevance of the research
before the participants answer the questions on the questionnaire
Phase
2

The researchers will distribute the questionnaires to the possible participants

of the study they will be conducting.
Phase
3
The participants are required to answer each and every single question in the
questionnaire legibly.

Phase
4

After the respondents answer the given questionnaires legibly, the

researchers will take the questionnaires and will start analysing it
Phase
5
Data Analysis Procedure

The study aims to know the relation between the sleep

duration and its effect on the metamemory of the students. The

researchers use the central tendency to analyze the respondent's

answer on the survey form from the study “A correlational study

of the sleep duration to the metamemory”. Information will be

gathered from the senior high school students studying at

Dulong-Bayan National High school and St. Peregrine Institute

regarding on their younger ages sleep duration and how it

affects their metamemory. The most gathered score of the

respondents will serve as the analyze data of our research

study.
References:

Garey,J.,Teens and Sleep: The Cost of Sleep Deprivation Lack of

Adequate Sleep is Linked to Moodiness, Risky Behavior and
Injuries. Retrived from https://childmind.org/article/happens-
teenagers-dont-get-enough-sleep/

Chang,C.,(2014).Can a Habit of Sleep Deprivation Have Permanent

Consequences.Retrieved from
http://web.colby.edu/cogblog/2014/11/23/can-a-habit-of-sleep-
deprivation-have-permanent-consequences/

Killgote,W.,(2010).Effevts of Sleep Deprivation on Cognition.pg

105-129,vol 185.Retrieved from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/21075236/

Michigan State University.How Sleep Deprivation Hinders

Memory.Retrived from
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/10/181002114027.htm