1.

7) During the electrolysis of water, we observe the formation of bubbles at both

the electrodes. These bubbles displace water in the test tubes.

Is the volume of the gas collected the same in both the test tubes?
What happens to these gases when we bring a burning candle close to the mouth of
each of the test tubes containing the gases?
Which gas is present in each test tube?
Ans) (a)The volume of the gas collected in both the test tubes is not the same. The
volume of one of the gases, namely, hydrogen, is twice the volume of the
gas(oxygen) collected in the other test tube.

(b) When we bring a burning candle close to the mouth of one of the test tube, the
gas in the test tube catches fire and burns with a pop sound indicating that the
gas in the test tube is hydrogen whereas when a burning candle was introduced into
the other test tube, the candle started burning brightly indicating that the test
tube contained oxygen because the abundance of oxygen accelerates the combustion
reaction. The higher the oxygen concentration is, the more vigorously the candle
will burn.

(c)The gas collected at the anode is oxygen and the gas collected at the cathode is
hydrogen.

1.8) What happens to the colour of silver chloride when it is exposed to sunlight?

Ans) White silver chloride turns grey in sunlight. This is due to the decomposition
of silver chloride into silver and chlorine by light.

1.9) Two test tubes are taken and labeled A and B. About 10 ml of copper sulphate
solution was added to both the test tube. Two iron nails that were cleaned by
rubbing with sand paper were immersed into test tube B and left undisturbed for 20
min. Compare the intensity of the blue colour of copper sulphate solutions in test
tubes (A) and (B). Also, compare the colour of the iron nails dipped in the copper
sulphate solution with the one kept aside.

Ans) Copper sulphate solution was initially blue in colour when the iron nails were
immersed into it but gradually the colour of the copper sulphate solution in test
tube changes. This happens due to the following displacement reaction. Iron being
more reactive than copper, displaces copper from copper sulphate and forms a new
product namely iron sulphate and copper metal.

The following chemical reaction takes place in this Activity:

The blue colour of the copper sulphate solution turns light greenish when the iron
nail was dipped, whereas the colour of copper sulphate solution in the other test
tube does not change. The greenish colour of the solution in the test tube shows
that ferrous ions are present in the solution. This shows that iron is more
reactive than copper as ferrous ions have displaced cupric ions from copper
sulphate solution and form light greenish coloured ferrous sulphate solution.

There is a brown coating on the iron nail which was dipped in the copper sulphate
solution. This shows that copper is deposited on the iron nail by displacing iron,
whereas the iron nail placed in petri dish shows greyish colour of iron (remains
unchanged).

1.10) What happens when 3 ml of sodium sulphate solution is mixed with 3 mL of

barium chloride solution in a test tube?

Ans) When 3 ml of sodium sulphate solution is mixed with 3 mL of barium chloride

solution in a test tube, a white precipitate of barium sulphate is formed. Any
reaction that produces a precipitate can be called a precipitation reaction.

1.11) What do you observe when we heat a china dish containing copper powder?

Ans) The surface of copper powder becomes coated with black copper(II) oxide. This
is because oxygen is added to copper and copper oxide is formed.