2.

Concepts of disease
2.1 Ontological
Ontology is the philosophical study of being. More broadly, it studies concepts that
directly relate to being, in particular becoming, existence, reality, as well as the basic categories
of being and their relations. Traditionally listed as a part of the major branch of philosophy
known as metaphysics, ontology often deals with questions concerning what entities exist or may
be said to exist and how such entities may be grouped, related within a hierarchy, and subdivided
according to similarities and differences.
The Disease Ontology (DO) is a formal ontology of human disease. The Disease
Ontology project is hosted at the Institute for Genome Sciences at the University of Maryland
School of Medicine. The Disease Ontology is utilized for disease annotation by major
biomedical databases (e.g. Array Express, NIF, IEDB), as a standard representation of human
disease in biomedical ontologies
2.2 Physiological
It relates to the branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms
and their parts.
A physiological disorder is a condition in which the organs in the body malfunction
causes illness. Examples are Asthma, Glaucoma, Diabetes.
Physiological Disorders is normally caused when the normal or proper functioning of the
body is affected because the bodys organs have malfunctioned, not working or the actual cellular
structures have changed over a period of time causing illness. Therefore, the majority of diseases
and ailments you will be able to name as they fall under the physiological category
3. Ethics
3.1 Etymology - The term ethics is derived from the Greek word ethikos which itself is derived
from the Greek word ethos, meaning custom or character. In philosophy, ethical behavior is that
which is “good.” Acropolis The field of ethics or moral philosophy involves developing,
defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior. These concepts do not
change as one’s desires and motivations change. They are not relative to the situation. They are
immutable.
3.2 Ethos of man - Aristotle (the ancient Greek philosopher and scientist) first defined ethos,
along with logos and pathos, in his treatise on rhetoric, Ars Rhetorica. Together, he referred to
ethos, logos, and pathos as the three modes of persuasion, or sometimes simply as "the appeals."
Aristotle believed that in order to have ethos a good speaker must demonstrate three things:
 Phronesis: Sound reasoning, and relevant experience or expertise.
 Arete: Moral character.
 Eunoia: Good intentions towards the audience.
Aristotle argued that a speaker in possession of these three attributes will naturally impress the
audience with his or her ethos, and as a result will be better able to influence that audience.