GEOTALK VI – HATTI

Balai Kartini - Jakarta

Selasa, 24 Januari 2017
SPEAKER :
. Ir Bigman M Hutapea, MSc, Ph.D – SNI Pondasi – Desain & Aplikasi

. Ir Sindhu Rudianto, MSc – Foundation Design & Construction on

Kartic Rock for A 92-Storey Tower in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
 FOUNDATION DESIGN &
CONSTRUCTION ON KARTIC
ROCK FOR A 92-STOREY TOWER
IN KUALA LUMPUR

by

SINDHU RUDIANTO
PT GE0-PRIMA
Project Plan
 Presentation

1. Foundation on Karstic rock

2. Subsurface investigation
3. Design of piled-raft foundation
4. Construction of pile-raft
5. QA/QC during construction
6. Conclusion
Geology Map
Piling Problem in Limestone Formation
Soil Boring & Probing Tests
Soil boring Profile Across Tower
Coring Profile Across Tower
Modulus Reduction
Ratio to Intact Rock

RQD versus Unconfined

Compression Strength (UCS)

RQD versus Rock Modulus of Intact

Rock (Ei)
 SINGLE PILE DESIGN

Reduction Factor () versus quc Reduction Factor () versus Rock
Mass (after Tomlinson, 1995)
• RQD = 40%  design UCS = 24 Mpa
• α = 0.07, β = 0.65
• Rock socket friction (fs) = 0.07 x 0.65 x 24,000 = 1,092 kPa.
• This is consistent with local practice, where (fs) is 5% of unconfined
compressive strength of rock or concrete, whichever is less.
• For limestone with UCS = 24 MPa and concrete grade 60 with UCS = 60 MPa
(cube strength), the computed fs = 0.05 x 24,000 = 1,200 kPa.
 Pile Design Criteria

1. Use allowable unit friction = 400 kPa.

2. Use concrete grade fc= 50 MPa (cube 60 MPa).
3. Pile capacity for D180 cm, Leff =18 m is 38 MN
(0.25% cube strength).
4. Under transient load, increase pile capacity to 1.2
5. Load transfer is obtained from instrumented test
pile & PDA tests.
Static Loading Test PDA Test
Load-Movement of Static Load-Movement of Static
Compression Load Test Tension Loading Test
Schematic of Instrumented Test Pile
Schematic of
Instrumented
Test Pile
Tell Tale Movement Vs Load
Average Load Transfer (Cycle 1) Average Load Transfer (Cycle 3)
Average Skin Friction
Average Skin Friction
 Strain profile Comparison of Load
(DSFO vs. strain gage) Transfers Curves
Schematic of Instrumented Test Pile (Tension)
Schematic of Instrumented Test Pile (Tension)
Load Movement (Tension)
Tension Load Transfer
Average Unit Skin Friction
Subgrade Reaction of Rock
Input Parameter for Limestone
Modeling of Piled-Raft
 Displacement and Induced Stress from MIDAS

• The average subgrade reaction = 70,000 kN/m3 (range 40,000-

100,000 kN/m3)
• Pile stiffness = 5,250 kN/mm (range 4500-6000 kN/mm)
• PILE = 50%, SUBGRADE = 50 %, SETTLEMENT 10 MM.
 CONSTRUCTION OF PILED-RAFT
1. Perform probing tests to 5 m
below pile toe.
2. If cavity is found, do injection
grouting.
3. Ignored friction of cavity soil.
4. If cavity > 10 m, pile length of
surrounding piles are adjusted by:
5. From (96) piles, (23) have cavity
thickness 2 – 18 m.
6. Cavity is discontinuous “floater”
type.
Piles with Cavity
QA/QC DURING PILED-RAFT CONSTRUCTION

1. Perform rock coring (deep & shallow) to check the

extend of cavity soils
2. Perform static load test 2x38 MN =76 MN and PDA
using 8 MN hammer for normal and cavity piles.
3. Perform sonic logging tests.
4. Perform PITs.
5. Do concrete coring to check in-situ concrete strength
6. Perform Point Load Test and UCT on limestone cutting
sample.
 POST-CONSTRUCTION MONITORING

1. Install stress cell on rock to monitor subgrade

reaction.
2. Place strain gages on bored piles to monitor
load transfer.
3. Place strain meter on raft reinforcement to
monitor stress induced within raft.
4. Monitor raft settlement
 CONCLUSIONS
1. The 92-story Signature tower (3900 MN) is
founded on piled-raft, where pile and raft share
equal loadings.
2. Static load test reveals that 76 MN with sett = 5
mm and half of pile length carried the peak
load. Piles have excessive capacity to carry the
entire foundation load.
3. Post- construction monitoring is on–going to
measure the piled-raft performance until topping
off (expected 2018).
 Bored piles

1. Design capacity > memakai rumus Reese dgn

Su=6-8 N; alpha =0.45-0.55
2. Debonding pile section > memakai geogundle
(effect overburden belum termasuk terutama
untuk tanah pasir > memakai effective stress)
3. Konstruksi bored pile > memakai slurry
(polymer, NOT bentonite) > aging efek
mempengaruhi settlement.
 Bored pile (cont.)
4. Pemakaian instrumented pile (VWSG and
telltale) > efek residual load sering diabaikan.
5. QA/QC during construction > Sonic logging,
PDA, PIT, Koden.
6. Pencatatan setiap proses konstruksi penting
karena terjadinya friction lost jika lubang dibuka
terlalu lama, terutama untuk friction pile “fat
clay”.
Aging effect bentonite pile
(D = 120 cm, Leff = 52 m)
 Aging effect
bentonite pile
D = 100 cm
Leff = 50 m

Aging effect
bentonite pile
D = 100 cm
Leff = 53 m
Residual Load Instrumented pile
 Jacked pile
1. Memakai rumus driven pile > Ref. Tomlinson
2. Gaya jacking > 2 DL (2.5x DL kalau memakai dolly, 2.3
DL kalau tidak).
3. Memastikan gaya jacking refusal (ditekan max. jack load
3 x berturut-turut, sett < 10 mm.
4. Masalah utama “ heave” dalam jacking group pile besar.
Survey kepala tiang dalam radius sepanjang tiang. Kalau
heave > 15-25 mm, rejack ulang. Jika memakai dolly,
survey dan rejacking sulit dilakukan.
5. Sambungan splice dari jacked pile harus diperhatikan
jika desain tiang menahan tarik.
Load-Movement at Pile Top
(D = 80 cm, Leff = 39 m)
 Efek Residual Load
(D = 80 cm, Leff = 39 m)
Thanks and Questions