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57 (2015)
© Research India Publications; httpwww.ripublication.comijaer.htm
E-mail: wa_nallayan@yahoo.com
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Radom, which houses Radar antennas of military and weather The Charpy V-notch test, was done in another apparatus consisting of
reconnaissance place. a pendulum of known mass and length that is dropped from a known
Here, the interdependency of the different properties in height to impact a notched specimen of material.
dictating the strength characteristics of simple four cross plied
laminate composite is mainly focused. The role of the fibers aerial
density in influencing the decisive properties of the laminate is also
experimentally proven with respect to three different laminates made
of Unidirectional , Bi directional and random oriented fibres with
410 ,400 and 300 GSM respectively.
2. EXPERIMENTAL WORK
LAMINATE FABRICATION:
A. Materials and Optimization of the curing agent
Epoxy resin, Curing agent and Unidirectional fibers of 410 GSM,
bidirectional fiber of 400 GSM and random oriented fiber of 300
GSM were procured from Shakhty fibers, Chennai, India and
Bisphenol A Cyanate ester was imported from Shangai Richton , Fig (2) Few fabricated specimens
Shanghai, China.
Curing agent (Tetraethyleneamine), was optimized with regard to B. Fabrication of Composite Laminates and Testing
Cyanate ester(BACY) modified Epoxy resin(Diglycidyl ether of A steel mould plate coated with silicone release agent and then a
bisphenol A/DGEBA). Optimization was done by varying the form, layer of resin was applied by a brush. The first layer of fiber
state and quantity of the curing agent, through number of trials till the (300X300 mm2) was placed on the resin and consolidated using
defect free curing is evolved in the resin mixture. Good potting roller. The process was repeated to construct four sets of 4 cross plied
period of around 15 to 30 minutes with zero defects was observed laminate with 0%.5%, 10% and 15% of cyanate loadings. Laminates
when 25.33%of the curing agent was mixed by uniform stirring for were cured at room temperature and were then demolded after
10 minutes and latter added to the blend of cyanate ester / Epoxy 10hours. Using ASTM standards and by water jet cutting, specimens
resin mix and allowed to cure. Before the optimization was were prepared.UTM of associated scientific Engg. Works, New
achieved, defects like continuous foaming resulting sponginess in the Delhi, India, with a maximum testing load rate of 5 ton with a digital
cured blend, presence of glassy pin holes of varying sizes inside and encoder with built up software of FIE make was used for performing
open blow holes on the cured surface and presence of partially the tests. The test specimens were positioned suitably in various grips
trapped und dissolved cyanate were observed visually(6). On the of testing machine. The speed of the testing was the relative to the
addition of the under optimized curing agent, due to the added rate of motion of the grips on test fixtures during the test the test. The
exothermic reaction, resulted in the accelerated gelatin of the blend grips were tightened evenly and firmly to prevent any slippage. The
,thereby reducing the potable time of the resin mixture. speed of testing was set at the proper rate and the machine was
started.
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Fig(6) Specimens with 0%,5%,10% & 15% EPCY after inter EFFECTS OF CYANATE LOADING ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CYANATE MODIFIED EPOXY/EGLASS
delamination testing RANDOM ORIENTATION FIBER COMPOSITE LAMINATE (410 GSM)
After fabricating the second set of four more laminates using 400
SL.No CODE NAME TENSILE Tensile Flextural Flextural Compressive Interlaminar Impact Strength
GSM bidirectional fibers, and 300 random oriented fibers, with
stacking orientation (0 /90 )2 as stated above, the specimens were STRENGTH Mpa modulus Gpa Strength Mpa Modulus Gpa Strength Mpa Shear Strength Joules
subjected again to the same mechanical tests. Mpa
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types of laminates made out of same resin mixture blend with fibers
of different aerial density and fabric types. A minimum of few plies
are taken, since the foresighted focus of this investigation is with
regard to electronics structures like Radome whose Electromagnetic
properties could stand out better with thin composite laminates.
4. RESULTS
The experimental values of tensile strength, tensile
modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, compressive strength,
Interlaminar shear strength , and Impact strength of laminates with
410 GSM unidirectional / 4 cross plied laminate against different
cyanide loadings., viz., 0%,5%,10% and 15% have been shown in the
table ( 01).Hereafter this testing results could be identified as Type
1 test. The experimental values of tensile strength, tensile modulus,
flexural strength, flexural modulus, compressive strength ,
Interlaminar shear strength , and Impact strength of laminates with
400 GSM bidirectional/ 4 plied laminate against different cyanate
loadings., viz., 0%,5%,10% and 15% of cyanate loading have been
shown in the table ( 02). Hereafter this testing and results could be
identified as Type 2 test. The experimental value of tensile strength, Fig(7) Cyanate loading Vs tensile & flexural strength 410 GSM
tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, compressive based laminate
strength , Interlaminar shear strength , and Impact strength of
laminates with 300 GSM random oriented/ 4 plied laminate against
different cyanate loadings., viz., 0%,5%,10% and 15% of cyanate
loading have been shown in the table ( 03). Hereafter this testing and
results could be identified as Type 3 test.
1.A comparative plot of the tensile and flexural strength of the
composite specimens with 410 GSM (unidirectional) having 4 plies
with 0%,5%,10% and 15% cyanate loading have been plotted and
shown in Figure (06).
Fig (8) Cyanate loading Vs tensile & flexural strength 410 GSM
based laminate
Fig(6) Cyanate loading Vs tensile & flexural strength of 410 GSM
laminate From the results it is seen that the tensile strength of
specimens with 410 GSM(Unidirectional)/ epoxy composite is
120MPa and for the cyanate modified epoxy composite the values
are 167MPa, 233MPa and 273MPa respectively for 0%, 5%,10%
and 15% cyanate loading respectively. The tensile strength values are
found to increase by 39%, 94%, and 128% compared to that of EP
resin.
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respectively.
A comparative plot of the tensile strength of the composite
specimens with 300 GSM(Random oriented) Laminate having of
cyanate loading of 0%, 5%,10% and 15% have been plotted and
shown in Figure (08). From the results it is seen that the tensile
strength value of the epoxy composite are 113MPa, 85MPa, 115MPa
and 113MPa respectively.
The better tensile strength of the cyanate modified epoxy is due to
the rigid aromatic structure and rigid triazine ring formed as a result
of trimerization reaction.Tensile strength of Bi directional is found to
be superior when compared to other two ,wherein there is no
particular trend in the tensile values of the random oriented fibers
with respect to the cyanate loadings. Presence of fibers in both the
directions as in Bi directional has increased the adhesion density and
hence the reinforcement effectively. But as predicted, in random
orientation no such trend could be observed.
A comparative plot of the flexural strength of 4plied plied laminate
Fig (9) cyanate loading Vs tensile s & flexural modulus 410 GSM using 410 GSM(uni directional) with 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% cyanate
based laminate loading have been plotted and shown in Figure (06).
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International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, ISSN 0973-4562 Vol. 10 No.57 (2015)
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Fig (16) cyanate loading Vs impact strength 410,400 &300GSM [3] L.S.Jeayakumari, V. Thulasiraman, M.Sarojadevi
based laminates .,”Synthesis and Characterisation of Bis(4-cyanato 3,5-
dimethylphenyl) Naphthyl Methane/Epoxy /Glass fiber
Composites “ Polymer composite-2007
REFERENCES
[1] Ian Harmerton and john N. Hay(1998),”Recent
developments in the chemistry of cyanate
ester”,polym.int.,vol.4746-4753
[2] Kern W., Cifrain M., Schroder R., Hummel K., Mayer
C.and Hofstotter M.(1998), ”polymers with pendant
cyanate ester group synthesis,thermal curing and
photocross linking”, Eur.polym.j.,vol.34,No.7, pp987-
995
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