STATIC MEASUREMENT & QUANTITY DETERMINATION

OF
BULK LIQUID PETROLEUM

TRAINING FOR
JUNIOR LIQUID CARGO SURVEYOR

Provided by :
Asosiasi Independent Surveyor Indonesia ( AISI )
Jakarta, 29 January 2018
MEASUREMENT IN GENERAL
 SCOPE & ACCURACY
OF
STATIC MEASUREMENT
A. BACK GROUND & SCOPE OF MEASUREMENT :
( Finally to find Quantity: Volume & Mass/ Weight )
a. Depth vs Volume  Tank Table
b. Temperature vs Volume  VCF, VCC
c. Free Water vs Volume  TOV to GOV
d. Purity ( % S & W ) vs Volume  GSV to NSV
e. API gr, RD/ SG or Density  Gross & Net Weight/ Mass

B. ACCURACY OF MEASUREMENT :  caused by

a. Systematic Error : method, equipment, calibration, table
b. Human Error : reading, calculation, incorrect-procedure
 STATIC MEASUREMENT & UNIT SYSTEM

A. AMERICAN UNIT SYSTEM :

- Length & Volume : ft, inch, ft3, in3; US Gall.; US Barrel
- Mass/ Weight : lb, Short Ton; Long Ton
- Density & Temperature : API gravity @ 60 ºF, ºF, ºR

B. IMPERIAL/ BRITISH UNIT SYSTEM :

- Length & Volume : ft, inch, ft3, in3, Imp. Gall, Imp. Barrel
- Mass/ Weight : lb, Short Ton; Long Ton
- Density & Temperature : SG t/60 or RD t/60 , ºF, ºR

C. METRIC/ INTERNATIONAL UNIT SYSTEM :

- Length & Volume : cm, m, m3, kL,
- Mass/ Weight : gram, kg, M/Ton
- Density & Temperature : g/cm3, kg/L, kg/m3, ºC, ºK
 UNIT CONVERSION & ASTM TABLES

a. Conversion of Intra & Inter Unit System :

at same temperature

b. Conversion of Units at Different Standard Temperature :

Table-3, Table 21 & Table-51

Table-5; Table 23 & Table-53

Table 4, Table 22 & Table 52

c. Conversion of Derived Unit :

( See the examples )

d. Remarks :
* Old Tables ( issued in 1940’s and reviewed in 1952 )  without index
* New Tables ( issued in 1980’s , revised in 1994 and renewed in 2004 )
 completed with indexes : A, B, C, D
 MEASUREMENT
OF
BULK LIQUID PETROLEUM IN GENERAL
A. TYPE OF MEASUREMENT :
a. Static Measurement:
- Ullage or dip of Oil phase & Free water
- Temperature of Liquid phase & the Shell
b. Dynamic Measurement:
- Temperature of the Fluid, Pipe prover and Meter
- Pressure of the Fluid at the Meter & Pipe prover
- Volume recorded at the Meter and Comparison to the Pipe prover

B. TYPE OF STATIC MEASUREMENT :  in tank

a. Closed System :
- the devices are permanently assembled in tanks
b. Open System:
- the devices are portable, not assembled
 OPEN vs CLOSED
MEASUREMENT SYSTEM

A OPEN vs CLOSED SYSTEM :  Characteristics of the Cargo ?

B. MEASURING DEVICES :
TANK GAUGING
 TANK GAUGING
( DIPPING & ULLAGING )
A. OPEN TANK GAUGING :
a. Manual Ullaging ( Outaging ):
- measure the distance from the Reference point to the surface of
the liquid
- Devises : Ulage tape,
b. Manual Dipping ( Innaging ):
- to measure the distance from the datum plate or bottom to the
liquid surface
B. CLOSED TANK GAUGING:
a. Ullaging : Radar, Magnetic, Float gauge, UTI/ MMC
b. Dipping : Capacitance, Magnetic, Pressure Sensors,
 TANK GAUGING VERIFICATION

A. PRIOR TO USE :
annually
acceptable
acceptable : 0.001%

B. DURING GAUGING :
acceptable ( max. 0.5 cm )
> 150 M3 : max. 3 mm
< 150 M3 : max. 5 mm

other type of gauging device shall be applied

 REFERENCE HEIGHT VERIFICATION

a. Purpose :

b. Method :

c. Acceptable difference
MANUAL TANK GAUGING DEVICES

AISI 12
MANUAL TANK GAUGING DEVICES
1 2 3 4 5 6

7
8

AISI 13
1.Thermobob
2.Steel innage bob
3.Brass innage bob
4.Brass outage bob
5.Square brass outage bob
6.Brass bob fin
7.Little joe tape wiper
8.Oil gauging tape

AISI 14
 PORTABLE ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT
for
TANK GAUGING & TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT

15
 CONDITION DURING TANK GAUGING

a. Normal condition ( good repeatability & reference height):

b. Change of reference height due to uncertainty of datum plate or

incrustation of sludge :

c. Rolling gauges ( rough sea ):

d. Solid Crust at Datum plate or Uneven Free water surface:

 CORRECTIONS TO TANK GAUGING

a. Due to position & type of the measured tank:

b. Due to properties of the fluid stored:

c. Due to the type of the device :

TANK GAUGING UNCERTAINTIES
TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
VERIFICATION
Typical response time for PET in Heavy crude oil

Temp. deg. F
Tank temperature Temperature of moving probe
135

130

125

120

115

110 Temperature of stationary probe

105

100
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time, minutes

AISI 21
 Response time for PET in light crude oil

80

70
Temperature, deg. F

60

50

40

30

20
0 5 10 15 20 25

Time, minutes

Temperature of stationary probe

Temperature of moving probe
Bath temperature

AISI 22
 RECOMMENDED IMMERSION TIME
A. CUP – CASE THERMOMETER

Immersion time ( minutes )

API @ 60 F In - motion Stationary
> 50 5 10
40 - 49 5 15
30 - 39 12 25
20 - 29 20 45
< 20 45 80

B. PORTABLE ELECTRONIC THERMOMETER

Immersion time
API @ 60 F In - motion Stationary
< 20 75 seconds 30 minutes
20 - 40 45 seconds 30 minutes
> 40 30 seconds 5 minutes

AISI 23
 TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
DEVICE

A. OPEN SYSTEM :

B. CLOSED SYSTEM :
 TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION

Karakteristik cairan pada tangki darat :

1. Untuk Un-heated products yang tersimpan lama

dalam tangki, ada tendensi terjadi stratifikasi
temperatur secara vertikal.
2. Pencampuran product baru ke dalam tangki akan
menimbulkan variasi temperatur secara vertikal
dan horizontal.
3. Pengaruh suhu udara luar melalui dinding tangki
dan floating roof menimbulkan variasi suhu di
dalam tangki.

AISI 25
 LEVEL OF MEASUREMENT
Level of measurement ... API MPMS Ch. 7 Sec. 1

Liquid level / Level of

Tk capacity measurement Location Remaks
> 10 ft 3x Upper, midle Record should be ave-
and lower thirds raged and rounded
to nearest 1 F

< 10 ft 1x Vertical mid point -

< 5000 US Bbls 1x Middle -

AISI 26
 LEVEL OF MEASUREMENT

• Lakukan pengukuran melalui lebih dari satu hatch

jika diduga ada stratifikasi horizontal.
• Untuk heated-product, jika diduga terjadi
stratifikasi vertikal, bila aman perlu diambil
temperatur disetiap 1 meter level.

AISI 27
COLUMN THERMOMETER vs PET

AISI 28
PORTABLE ELECTRONIC THERMOMETER

TP 5 TP 8

HERMetic onecal
TP 7

AISI 29
 PROSEDUR PENGGUNAAN PET

1. Sebelum buka hatch, connect ground cable

2. Verifikasi kondisi battery
3. Set range selector ke temperatur yang sesuai
4. Turunkan sensing probe ke level sasaran
5. Angkat dan turunkan sepanjang + 30 cm keatas dan
kebawah untuk mempercepat stabilisasi
6. Catat temperatur terbaca
7. Ulangi step 4, 5, 6 pada level lainnya.
8. Rata-ratakan hasilnya, bulatkan ke 0.5 C

AISI 30
INTERFACE MEASUREMENT
( free water detection )
CHARACTERISTIC OF WATER – OIL MIXTURE
 INTERFACE MEASUREMENT
DEVICE & VERIFICATION

a. UTI ( Electronic )

b. By means of Water Paste :

c. Bottom sampler ( Core Thief ):

AISI 34
DETERMINATION OF QUANTITY
 TERMINOLOGY OF QUANTITY

A. LIQUID VOLUME :

B. WEIGHT :
LIQUID VOLUME DETERMINATION
 VOLUME OF LIQUID PETROLEUM
( Terminology )

b. Volume of Free Water ( FW )

* VCF ( Volume Correction Factor )

* % S & W ( % by volume )

g. Floating Roof Adjustment ( FRA )

 VOLUME OF LIQUID
FIXED ROOF TANK

Tsh = [ 7 Tobs + Ta ] / 8 ≈ Liquid avg’d Temp.

FLOATING ROOF ADJUSTMENT ( FRA )
( 1st METHOD )

FRA = Mass of Roof / ( D15 x VCF )

FRA –2nd METHOD
 FRA –2nd METHOD

• Langkah 1:

 Langkah 2:
Hitung selisih API obs vs API ref.
= 42.4 – 35
= 7.4
 FRA – Metode 2
• Langkah 3.
 VOLUME DETERMINATION IN SHIP’S TANKS

a. Similar to the Shore tanks, except on trim & list corrections

b. Trim :

c. List :

d. Corrections apply method of linear correlation

ON BOARD VOLUME ESTIMATION
for small quantity ( OBQ/ ROB )
QUANTIFICATION OF SMALL VOLUME
ON MARINE VESSEL ( OBQ/ ROB )
 WEDGE FORMULA - 1
(Not contacted all bulkheads )

a. A/f < L :
 WEDGE FORMULA – 2
Contacted to all bulkheads

b. A/ f > L :
HOW TO CONVERT OBSERVED VOLUME
TO STANDARD VOLUME?
 VOLUME CORRECTION FACTOR
( ASTM TABLES)
a. Old ASTM Tables ( 1952 edition )
API gr 60 & Temp. F
RD 60/60 & Temp. F
Density 15 & Temp. C

b. New ASTM Tables ( 1980 edition  revised in 1994 & 2004 )

c. Standard Volume = Observed Volume x VCF ( Table )

 MEANINGS OF INDEXES: A, B, C, D

A : CRUDE OILS ( API gr. -10 to 100 )

B : REFINED PRODUCTS:

C : SPECIAL APPLICATION
D : LUBRICATING OILS : incl. Lube Base Oils

ASTM D-4311 & D-633 respectivel

ASTM D-1555
WEIGHT/ MASS DETERMINATION
OF
LIQUID PETROLEUM
WEIGHT & MASS
in general
DENSITY & WEIGHT OF LIQUID PEROLEUM
( Terminology )

Weight in air ( commercial )

- Unit Conversion refers to ASTM Tables

DENSITY OF LIQUID PETROLEUM
 DENSITY OF WATER

Temp., C D in vac., kg/l D in air, kg/l

 GROSS OBSERVED VOLUME
&
GROSS STANDARD VOLUME

GSV = GOV x VCF

- VCF ditentukan oleh Temperature dan Density 15, API gravity 60
atau RD 60/60.
- Tabel yg digunakan tergantung dr Customers ( Buyer & Seller ).
 GROSS & NET STANDARD VOLUME

NSV = GOV x [ 100 - % S & W ]/ 100

Remarks :

- Sediment : non-hydrocarbon solid material

 WEIGHT DETERMINATION

a. Weight in Air ( Apparent Mass ) :

b. Weight in Vacuum ( True Mass ):

 SHORE VS SHIP’S FIGURES

A. B/L FIGURE :

B. CARGO RECONCILIATION :
VESSEL EXPERIENCE FACTOR- 01
(V E F )
 VESSEL EXPERIENCE FACTOR -02
( VEF )

d. General Formulas :
 VESSEL EXPERIENCE FACTOR – 03
( VEF )

e. How to find VEF :

f. VEF can be applied for

CARGO RECOCILIATION
 VOLUME CORRECTION FACTOR – 4
COMPARISON

A. CRUDE OIL WITH API 50 ( D15 = 7793 kg/l ) :

60 1.0000 1.0000 0
 VOLUME CORRECTION FACTOR – 3
COMPARISON

B. CRUDE OIL WITH API 60 ( D15 = 0.7387 kg/l ) :

60 1.0000 1.0000 0
 VOLUME CORRECTION FACTOR – 3
COMPARISON

OLD VS NEW ASTM TABLES.

 DECIMAL PLACEMENTS
IN PETROLEUM MEASUREMENT

REFERENCE : API MPMS CHAPTER 12.1.1).

 ROUNDINGS

a. Pembulatan 1 decimal :

Contoh

b. Pembulatan angka decimal yang sama dengan kelipatan 5 : xxx.05,

xxx.10 :
- Angka terakhir 0 -2 dibulatkan 0.
- Angka terakhir 3- 7 dibulatkan 5.
- Angka terakhir 8-9 dibulatkan naik 5
Contoh : 12.48 C – 12.52 C dibulatkan 12.50 C.
12.53 C – 12.57 C dibulatkan 12.50 .
CLOSING REMARKS

for your kind attention