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Category “B2” Basic Sub Module 2.5 – Wave Motion & Sound
MODULE 2
Sub Module 2.5
Contents
A stone thrown into a quiet pool of water causes waves to In a longitudinal wave, the disturbance is in the same direction
spread out in ever widening circles whose centre is the point as the motion of the wave.
where the water was first disturbed. Small objects floating on
the pool move up and down when a wave passes through their
positions; they do not move outwards as the waves do. This Keep moving one end of the spring backwards and forwards,
shows that the disturbance caused in the water is an up-and- and wave travel along a spring, as shown in the figure 2.89.
down movement from the centre of disturbance, the water itself Each wave is a compression followed by stretched out section.
does not move outwards. Such up-and-down movement on Waves like this, where the movement are backwards and
vibration of the water which causes waves is an example of forwards are called longitudinal waves.
wave motion.
Fig. 2.89
Fig. 2.90
Characteristics of Waves The frequency of waves is the rate the crests or peaks pass a
given point. Frequency is the velocity divided by the wavelength
designated as cycles (or peaks) per second. Cycles per second
The characteristics of a waveform are wavelength, amplitude, is also called Hertz.
velocity, and frequency. All periodic waveforms have these
common characteristics.
Frequency = Velocity / Wavelength
Fig. 2.91
Fig. 2.92
2.5.3 – PRODUCTION OF SOUND Sound propagation by the vibration of a speaker and a tuning
fork is shown in the figures 2.93 and 2.94 respectively.
Fig. 2.93
Fig. 2.94
Notes:
Notes:
Fig. 2.95