PRINCIPLES AND POLICIES

A. Preamble - Nature, purpose and aims

B. Principles

1. Sovereignty of the People and Republicanism

a. Direct and Indirect Democracy

b. Representation and renovation

c. Accountability to the people

d. Rule of the Majority

Pablo Ocampo v. HRET, G.R. No. 158466. June 15, 2004

e. The Rule of Law

Article II, Section 1 (sovereignty resides in the people)

Article V, (Suffrage)

Villavicencio vs. Lukban, 39 Phil. 778 (1919)

2. Adherence to International Law

Article II, Section 2, 7 & 8

(Independent foreign/nuclear-free policy)

a. Renunciation of War - Article VI, Section 23 (1)

b. Adoption of International Law

Mejoff vs. Director of Prisons, 90 Phil. 70 (1952)

Agustin vs. Edu, 88 SCRA 195 (1979)

Ichong vs. Hernandez, 101 Phil. 115 (1957)

In Re Garcia; 2 SCRA 984 (1961)

c. Adherence to policy of peace, freedom, amity

3. Supremacy of Civilian Authority

Article II, Section 3

Article VII, Section 18 (commander0in0chief clause)

Article XVI, Section 5(4) (AFP in active service)

Article XVI, Section 5(2) (respect for people's rights)

4. Government as protector & People as Defenders of the State

Article II, Sections 4 & 5 (no extension of service)

People vs. Lagman and Zosa, 66 Phil. 13 (1938)

Resident Aliens

5. Separation of Church and State

Article II, Section 6

Article III, Section 5 (freedom of religion clause)

Article IX-C, 2(5) (political party ban on sects)

Article VI, Section 5(2) (no sectoral rep. from religious sector)

Exceptions : Article VI, Section 28(3) (tax exempt. of churches)

Id., Section 29(2) (no appropriation for sects; exemptions)

Article XIV, Section 3(3) (optional religious instruction)

Id., Section 4(2) (Filipino ownership for schools, exceptions)

Estrada v. Escritor, A.M. No. P-02-1651, August 4, 2003

C. Policies

1. Independent foreign policy and a nuclear-free Philippines

Article II, Sections 7-8

Article XVIII, Sections 4 & 25 (on foreign military bases)

Bayan v. Exec. Sec., G.R. No. 138570, October 10, 2000

Lim v. Exec. Sec., G.R. No. 151445, April 11, 2002

2. A just and dynamic social order

Preamble

Article II, Section 9

a. The promotion of social justice

Article II, Section 10

Article XIII, Section 1-2

Article II, Section 26

Pamatong v. Comelec, G.R. No. 161872. April 13, 2004

Article VII, Section 13 par. 2

Calalang vs. Williams, 70 Phil. 726 (1940)

APCD v. PCA, G.R. No. 110526, February 10, 1998

PLDT v. NTC, 190 SCRA 717 (1990)

Maquera v. Borja, G.R. No. L-24761, September 7, 1965

b. Respect for human dignity and human rights

Article XIII, Sections 17-19

Article II, Section 11

Article XVI, Section 5(2)

Simon v. CHR, G.R. No. 100150, January 5, 1994

c. Fundamental equality of women and men

Article II, Section 14

Article III, Sections 14

PASEI vs. Drilon, 163 SCRA 386 (1988)

d. Independent people's organization

Article II, Section 23

Article XIII, Sections 15-16

e. The priority of education, science, technology, etc.

Article II, Section 17

Article XIV, Section 2

Tablarin vs. Gutierrez, 152 SCRA 370 (1987)

PRC v. de Guzman, G.R. No. 144681, June 21, 2004

U.P. BOR v. C.A., G.R. No. 134629, August 31, 1999

Camacho v. Coresis, G.R. No. 134372, August 22, 2002

f. Urban land reform and housing

Article XIII, Section 9-10

Mandaluyong v. Francisco, G.R. 137152, January 29, 2001

g. Reform in agriculture and other natural resources

Article II Section 2

Article XIII, Sections 4-8

h. Protection of Labor

Article II, Section 18

Article XIII, Section 3

The right of government workers to form unions

Article III, Section 8

Article IX-B, Section 2(5)

SSS Employ. Assn. vs. CA, 175 SCRA 686 (1989)

i. Promotion of health and ecology.

Article II, Sections 15-16

Article XIII, Sections 11-13

Prov. Of Rizal v. Exec. Sec., G.R. No. 129546, Dec. 13, 2005

3. The family as basic autonomous social institution

Article II, Section 12

Article XV (The Family)

Article II, Section 13

Family Code, Article 1

a. Protection of the Unborn

Roe v. Wade, 410 US 113

b. Natural Right and Duty of Parents

Meyer vs. Nebraska, 262 US 390

Pierce vs Society of Sisters, 262 US 510

Angeles vs Judge Sison, 112 SCRA 26 (1982)

4. A self-reliant and independent economic order

Article II, Sections 19 - 20

Article XII (National economy and patrimony)

Tanada vs. Angara, G.R. 118295, May 2, 1997

5. Communication and information in nation-building

Article II, Section 24

Article XVI, Sections 10 - 11

Article XVIII, Section 23

PLDT v. NTC, G.R. No. 88404, October 18, 1990

6. Autonomy of local governments

Article II, Section 25

Article X (Local Government Code of 1991 (R.A. No. 7160)

7. Recognition of rights of indigenous cultural communities

Article II, Section 22

Article VI, Section 5(2)

Article XII, Section 5

Article XIII, Section 6

Article XIV, Section 17

Article XVI, Section 12

R.A. No. 8371 (1997), The Indigenous Peoples Rights Act

8. Honest Public Service and Full Public Disclosure

Article II, Section 27

Article XI, Sections 4,5,6 (Ombudsman)

Article II, Section 28 (full public disclosure)

Article XI, Section 17 (statement of assets/liabilities)

Article VII, Section 12 (president's health)

Article VII, Section 20 (publication of loan applications)

Article XII, Section 21 (make public foreign loans)

Article XII, Section 2(5) (contracts with foreign groups)

Article VII, Sections 12,20 (con. of interest/books of acc.)

Article IX-D, Section 4 (COA annual report)

Article III, Section 7 (right to information)

Legaspi vs CSC, 150 SCRA 530 (1987)

Valmonte vs Belmonte, 170 SCRA 256 (1989)

De Jesus vs. COA, G.R. 109023, August 12, 1998

Chavez v. PEA & Amari, G.R. No. 133250, July 9, 2002