CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the paper

1.1.1 Cultural belief system
Culture is a pattern of ideas, customs and behaviours shared by a particular people
or society. It is constantly evolving. The speed of cultural evolution varies. It
increases when a group migrates to and incorporates components of a new culture
into their culture of origin. Children often struggle with being ‘between cultures’–
balancing the ‘old’ and the ‘new’. They essentially belong to both, whereas their
parents often belong predominantly to the ‘old’ culture. One way of thinking about
cultures is whether they are primarily ‘collectivist’ or ‘individualist’. Knowing the
difference can help health professionals with diagnosis and with tailoring a
treatment plan that includes a larger or smaller group.
The influence of culture on health is vast. It affects perceptions of health, illness
and death, beliefs about causes of disease, approaches to health promotion, how
illness and pain are experienced and expressed, where patients seek help, and the
types oft reatment patients prefer. Both health professionals and patients are
influenced by their respective cultures. Canada’s health system has been shaped by
the mainstream beliefs ofistorically dominant cultures. Cultural bias may result in
very different health-related preferences and perceptions. Being aware of and
negotiating such differences are skills known as ‘cultural competence’. This
perspective allows care providers to ask about various beliefs or sources of care
specifically, and to incorporate new awareness into diagnosis and treatment
planning. Demonstrating awareness of a patient’s culture can promote trust, better
health care, lead to higher rates of acceptance of diagnoses and improve treatment
adherence.
What is culture?
Culture is the patterns of ideas, customs and behaviours shared by a particular
people or society. These patterns identify members as part of a group and
distinguish members from other groups. Culture may include all or a subset of the
following characteristics: 1 given the number of possible factors influencing any
culture, there is naturally great diversity within any cultural group. Generalizing
specific characteristics of one culture can be helpful, but be careful not to over-
generalize.
ethnicity
language
religion and spiritual beliefs
gender
socio-economic class
age
sexual orientation
geographic origin
group history
education
upbringing
life experience
Culture is:
dynamic and evolving,
learned and passed on through generations,
shared among those who agree on the way they name and understand reality,
often identified ‘symbolically’, through language, dress, music and behaviours,
and
integrated into all aspects of an individual’s life.

1.1.2 Health belief system

The author adopts a critical stance toward the assumptions, beliefs and behaviours
underlying western biomedical tradition as it is enacted within the health care
arena, in this paper. On the basis of a cross-cultural comparison of how health
belief systems depict the nature of health, the nature of illness and the role of
healers, this paper will analyse the degree to which traditions other than western
biomedicine seem to influence much of our decision making and behaviour as
practitioners and recipients of health care.
 Thus, locating our relationship to biomedical thought within the context of non-
dominant belief systems provides an unusual angle from which to evaluate
critically the way we think and behave. In concluding that western health beliefs are
powerfully influenced by traditions far beyond biomedical ideology, the author
raises implications for nursing’s future directions as active participants in a global
health movement.

1.2 Purpose of the paper

1. The reader can know the concept of a cultural belief system in Java
2. The reader can find out the concept of a cultural belief system in Java according
to Catholicism
3. The reader can find out the concept of a cultural belief system in Java according
to Christianity
4. The reader can find out the concept of a cultural belief system in Java according
to Islam
5. The reader can find out the concept of a cultural belief systen in Java according
to Hinduism
6. The reader can find out the concept of a cultural belief system in Java according
to Budhism
7. The reader can find out and apply ways to improve the cultural belief system in
health care practices
8. The reader can find out the meaning of the cultural belief system in Javanese society
9. The reader can find out the effect of the health belief system on health care practices
10. The reader can find out the function of the health belief system in Javanese society

1.3 Problem formulation

1. What is the concept of a cultural belief system in Java?
2. What is the concept of a cultural belief system in Java according to Catholicism?
3. What is the concept of a cultural belief system in Java according to Christianity?
4. What is the concept of a cultural belief system in Java according to Islam?
5. What is the concept of a cultural belief system in Java according to Hinduism?
6. What is the concept of a cultural belief system in Java according to Buddhism?
7. How to improve cultural belief systems in health care practices.
8. What does the cultural belief system mean for Javanese society?
9. What influences the health belief system of health care practices?
10. How does the health belief system function in Javanese society?
 CHAPTER II
THEORY AND DISCUSSION

2.1 The definition of healthy and sick according to the culture in Surabaya
Health is something that is common, only thought of when sick or when
a health disorder interferes with a person’s daily activities. Healthy means
strength and endurance, having a resistance to disease, overcoming stress and
lethargy. According to UU No. 36 of 2009 concerning health, “health is a
healthy state, both physically, mentally, spiritually and socially that allows
everyone to live productively socially and economically” (quoted from Health
Law No. 36 of 2009, 2009: 4). Illness (illness) is an individual’s assessment of
the experience of suffering from an illness. Pain shows subjective physiological
dimensions or limited feelings that are more related to the person who feels it,
which is characterized by feelings of feeling unfeeling (weakness), weakness
(dizziness), feeling stiff and numbness (numbness).

2.2 Cultural belief systems

a. Christianity
In Christianity the treatment is usually trusted by the sign of miracle that is by
using anointing oil that is applied or inhaled for shortness and asthma
The content of anointing oil
1. Myrrh oil
2. Cinnamon
3. Cane
4. Olive oil
 The content contained in myrrh oil
Myrrh oil (fragrant sap oil) comes from dried resin extracted from the
commiphora myrrha tree, the two main active compounds found in myrrh
(myrrh), called terpenoids and sesquiterpene, have anti-inflammatory and
antioxidant effects. Sesquiterpens specifically also has an effect on the emotional
center in the hypothalamus, helping the body stay calm and balanced.
  cinnamon
cinnamon contains anti-oxidants which help to bind free radicals in the body,
prevent the body from being infected and prevent other diseases.
 Cane
cane contains several amino acids that can balance stress hormone levels. In
addition, these amino acids can also help you overcome the problem of
insomnia. By consuming sugar can water, you can sleep more soundly and make
your mind more calm
 olive oil
About 24 percent of olive oil consists of saturated fat, omega 6, and omega 3
fatty acids. But the most fatty acid in olive oil is very healthy oleic acid. Oleic
acid is believed to help

Reduce inflammation.
One tablespoon of olive oil contains about 11 grams of monounsaturated fat and
1 gram of polyunsaturated fat. While one tablespoon of virgin coconut oil
contains 0.1 gram monounsaturated fat and 0.25 gram polyunsaturated fat.
Anointing oil itself consists of various spices and each - each spice has anti-
osident content and aroma therapy to relax yourself. Therefore, sometimes
people who are suffocated or treated asthma at home are steam with anointing
oil mixed with warm water( kasiat minyak zaitun cal ogey).

b. Moslem
Moslem belief In the Masjidil Haram every day hundreds, up to thousands of
Muslims drink zam-zam water. They believe that the water has medicinal
properties, Zam-zam water depends on the intention of the person who drinks
it; if you intend to drink it to treat you, then God will heal you; if you intend to
be full, then God will make you full; if you intend it to eliminate thirst, then
Allah will eliminate your thirst, and the zam-zam is a basin made by Gabriel
and the flowing water that Allah gave to Ishmael.

Rational

very high water content in the human body, which is 60% of the total weight
of a man and 55% for a woman. The distribution of water throughout the body
 is determined by osmotic and hydrostatic pressure. In general, 75% of all
water in the body is contained in cell bodies and the rest is outside cells.
Zam-zam water contains both major and minor minerals. Major minerals
whose concentrations are quite high are bicarbonate, sulfate, chloride, sodium,
calcium, and magnesium. While minor minerals consist of strontium,
molybdenum, rubidium, zinc, and others.

c. Catholic
Eucharist and sick person
In the celebration of the Eucharist, when we want to receive the Eucharist, we
certainly pray “O Lord I do not deserve God to come to me, but just say so I will
get well”. Catholicism believes that they will be healed both physically and
spiritually ill. Jesus, in the new covenant, gave orders to the Disciples to heal
people by anointing them with oil in the name of the Lord.
In celebration of the Eucharist, Catholics will be given the body and blood of
Christ in the form of a hosti. Hosti is bread used in Eucharistic celebrations
made from unleavened bread. In Catholicism, Catholics believe that the body
and blood of Christ in the form of a hosti and anointing oil on the forehead or
hands that have been prayed for can heal the sick. It is this tradition which then
decreases the seven sacraments. One of them is the sacrament of the anointing of
the sick.
In this case the Church continues the task entrusted by Jesus to heal the sick,
especially spiritual healing.
The Eucharist is preceded by the confession of sins, then the sacrament of the
anointing of the sick, and
the Eucharist as the last sacrament that becomes the basis of our journey.

Rational
According to the provisions of the Redemptionis Sacramentum art.48, the bread
used in the celebration of the Blessed Eucharistic Sacrifice must be unleavened,
made entirely of wheat, and newly made so as to avoid the danger of becoming
stale.
Wheat is a food that contains high carbohydrates that can provide energy for
people who consume them. Besides Carbohydrates, Wheat also contains various
vitamins, minerals and plant compounds which are also very beneficial for
human health. One example: Increase Body Metabolism When metabolism is
not functioning at an optimal level, our body will experience metabolic
syndrome which can cause high blood pressure and low levels of HDL (good
cholesterol). This metabolic syndrome will increase the risk of cardiovascular
disease. Therefore, most doctors and health experts recommend consuming
whole grains as an important part of our daily diet. These seeds can improve the
overall digestive system, which in turn can lead to a better increase in the body’s
metabolism so that it can prevent various health problems from the start.

d. Hinduism
Hindu cultural beliefs include daily rites (for example puja prayer and recitation of
prayers), holy celebrations on certain days, and pilgrimage. The ascetics called sadu
(saints) choose to do more extreme actions than the Hindus in general, which is to
break away from worldly activities and practice asceticism for the rest of his life to
achieve mukosa.
Examples of Hinduism religious culture:
Otonan, is a ceremony conducted on the day of birth, such as a birthday celebration,
conducted 210 days.Tooth Brushing Ceremony, is a religious ceremony that must be
held for its adherents. This ceremony is held for adherents who have moved into
adolescents or adults. For women who have menstruated, and for men who have
entered puberty. This ceremony means to find the true nature of human beings who
are free from the shackles of darkness from the influence of Sad Ripu in humans.
Sad Ripu are six types of enemies that arise from the qualities of asubha karma or
actions that are not good in humans themselves, namely:
1.Kama,lustfulnature.
2.Lobha,greedyandgreedynature.
3.Krodha,cruelandbadtemper
.4.Mada,drunkenness and insanity
5.Moha,confusedandarrogantnature.
6. Matsarya, envy and envy.
e. Buddhism
Budhist vegetarian
Attitudes about vegetarianism vary from sect to sect as well as from
individual to individual. If you are wondering whether you must commit to
being a vegetarian to become a Buddhist, the answer is, maybe, but possibly not.
It is unlikely the historical Buddha was a vegetarian. In the earliest recording of
his teachings, the Tripitaka, the Buddha did not categorically forbid his disciples
to eat meat. In fact, if meat were put into a monk’s alms bowl, the monk was
supposed to eat it. Monks were to gratefully receive and consume all food they
were given, including meat.
Vegetarianism and the First Precept
The First Precept of Buddhism is do not kill. The Buddha told his followers not
to kill, participate in killing, or cause to have any living thing killed. To eat
meat, some argue, is taking part in killing by proxy.In response, it is argued that
if an animal were already dead and not slaughtered specifically to feed oneself,
then it is not quite the same thing as killing the animal oneself. This seems to be
how the historical Buddha understood eating meat.
However, the historical Buddha and the monks and nuns who followed
him were homeless wanderers who lived on the alms they received. Buddhists
did not begin to build monasteries and other permanent communities until some
time after the Buddha died. Monastic Buddhists do not live on alms alone but
also on food grown by, donated to, or purchased by monks. It is hard to argue
that meat provided to an entire monastic community did not come from an
animal specifically slaughtered on behalf of that community.
Thus, many sects of Mahayana Buddhism, in particular, began to
emphasize vegetarianism. Some of the Mahayana Sutras, such as the
Lankavatara, provide decidedly vegetarian teachings
 CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION

3.1 Conclusion
It is natural when everything that is related between the culture and
habits of each religion in the dealing a illness cases. Because every religious
person in the each region believes anything what is taught or derived from their
teachings and cuture. As long as it does not make something that made by them
more right than other’s treat.
In this case as health workers, we explain every rational from a culture
that is still believed of the people in the east java. The healing process of a
disease from the point of view of every religion.

3.2 Suggest
in my opinion, cultural belief systems and health belief systems of cross
cultural comparisons of how health belief systems describe the nature of health.
The nature of disease and the role of physians this paper will analyze the extent
to which traditions other than western biomedical seem to influence many of
our decisions. Make and behave as practitioners and recipints of health care.