Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
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History
Specimen paper 2
History
Higher level and standard level
Paper 2
Specimen paper
1 hour 30 minutes
Instructions to candidates
yyDo not open this examination paper until instructed to do so.
yyAnswer two questions, each chosen from a different topic.
yyEach question is worth [15 marks].
yyThe maximum mark for this examination paper is [30 marks].
yyWhere the word region is used it refers to the following four regions: Europe, Asia and Oceania,
the Americas, and Africa and the Middle East.
4 pages © International Baccalaureate Organization 2015
–2– SPEC/3/HISTS/BP2/ENG/TZ0/XX
1. Evaluate the importance of famines and disease as causes of social and economic change.
2. With reference to one religion, examine the reasons for disputes between rulers
and religious leaders.
3. “Dynastic disputes lay at the heart of most medieval conflicts.” To what extent do you agree with
this statement?
4. Compare and contrast the military tactics used in two medieval conflicts, each chosen from a
different region.
5. With reference to one medieval ruler, evaluate the importance of non-military methods as a means
to expand and consolidate their rule.
6. Examine the extent to which the rule of two medieval leaders can be regarded as successful.
7. Examine the social impact of two scientific or technological developments from the period
1400 to 1700.
8. Evaluate the importance of merchants and travellers in bringing about economic change in the
period 1400 to 1700.
9. Examine the relationship between religion and the state in any one Early Modern state.
10. Compare and contrast the reasons for resistance or rebellion in two colonial states, each chosen
from a different region.
–3– SPEC/3/HISTS/BP2/ENG/TZ0/XX
11. Compare and contrast the short-term causes of two Early Modern wars, each chosen from
a different region.
12. Evaluate the role and importance of mercenaries in one Early Modern war.
13. “The availability of natural resources was the most important cause of industrialization.”
With reference to two countries, each chosen from a different region, to what extent do you agree
with this statement?
14. Examine the impact of industrialization on standards of living and working conditions
in one country.
15. Evaluate the importance of war as a cause or catalyst for two independence movements,
each chosen from a different region.
16. “The greatest challenges facing newly independent states were economic.” With reference to one
newly independent state, to what extent do you agree with this statement?
17. Compare and contrast the conditions that encouraged the demand for democratic reform
in two states, each chosen from a different region.
18. “Government policies in democratic states rarely affect the distribution of wealth.” To what extent
do you agree with this statement?
19. “Successful foreign policy was essential for the maintenance of power by authoritarian leaders.”
With reference to one authoritarian leader, to what extent do you agree with this statement?
20. Compare and contrast the impact on women of the policies of two authoritarian states,
each chosen from a different region.
Turn over
–4– SPEC/3/HISTS/BP2/ENG/TZ0/XX
21. Examine the role of ideology in causing two 20th-century civil wars, each chosen from
a different region.
22. Compare and contrast the role of technology in determining the outcome of two 20th-century wars.
Topic 12: The Cold War: Superpower tensions and rivalries (20th century)
23. Examine the impact of the US policy of containment on superpower relations between
1947 and 1964.
24. Evaluate the impact on the course of the Cold War of two crises, each chosen from
a different region.
SPEC/3/HISTS/BP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M
Markscheme
Specimen
History
Paper 2
26 pages
–2– SPEC/3/HISTS/BP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M
Note to examiners
This markscheme outlines what members of the paper setting team had in mind when they devised the
questions. The points listed in the bullet points indicate possible areas candidates might cover in their
answers. They are not compulsory points and are not necessarily the best possible points. They are
only a framework to help examiners in their assessment, and examiners should be responsive to any
other valid points or any other valid approaches. Examiners are reminded of the need to apply the
markbands that provide the “best fit” to the responses given by candidates and to award credit wherever
it is possible to do so.
1. Evaluate the importance of famines and disease as causes of social and economic change.
Candidates must demonstrate a clear understanding of the requirements of the question; in this
case, candidates should make an appraisal of the importance of famines and disease as causes of
social and economic change.
The above material is an indication of what candidates may elect to write about in their responses;
however, it is neither prescriptive nor exhaustive and no set answer is required. Examiners are
reminded of the need to apply the markbands that provide the “best fit” to the responses given by
candidates and to award credit wherever it is possible to do so.
–4– SPEC/3/HISTS/BP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M
2. With reference to one religion, examine the reasons for disputes between rulers and religious
leaders.
The above material is an indication of what candidates may elect to write about in their responses;
however, it is neither prescriptive nor exhaustive and no set answer is required. Examiners are
reminded of the need to apply the markbands that provide the “best fit” to the responses given by
candidates and to award credit wherever it is possible to do so.
–5– SPEC/3/HISTS/BP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M
3. “Dynastic disputes lay at the heart of most medieval conflicts.” To what extent do you agree with
this statement?
The above material is an indication of what candidates may elect to write about in their responses;
however, it is neither prescriptive nor exhaustive and no set answer is required. Examiners are
reminded of the need to apply the markbands that provide the “best fit” to the responses given by
candidates and to award credit wherever it is possible to do so.
–6– SPEC/3/HISTS/BP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M
4. Compare and contrast the military tactics used in two medieval conflicts, each chosen from a
different region.
Candidates must demonstrate a clear understanding of the requirements of the question and
effectively deploy knowledge of the key issue(s) raised by the question. Candidates must examine
the similarities and also the differences between the military tactics used in two medieval conflicts,
each chosen from a different region.
The above material is an indication of what candidates may elect to write about in their responses;
however, it is neither prescriptive nor exhaustive and no set answer is required. Examiners are
reminded of the need to apply the markbands that provide the “best fit” to the responses given by
candidates and to award credit wherever it is possible to do so.
–7– SPEC/3/HISTS/BP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M
5. With reference to one medieval ruler, evaluate the importance of non-military methods as a means
to expand and consolidate their rule.
Candidates must demonstrate a clear understanding of the requirements of the question; in this
case, candidates must make an appraisal of the importance of non-military methods as a means to
expand and consolidate the rule of one medieval ruler.
The above material is an indication of what candidates may elect to write about in their responses;
however, it is neither prescriptive nor exhaustive and no set answer is required. Examiners are
reminded of the need to apply the markbands that provide the “best fit” to the responses given by
candidates and to award credit wherever it is possible to do so.
–8– SPEC/3/HISTS/BP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M
6. Examine the extent to which the rule of two medieval leaders can be regarded as successful.
Candidates are required to provide a critical analysis of the leadership of two medieval leaders. It
is important that candidates focus their discussion on the extent to which the rule of the two
leaders can be regarded as successful, rather than simply describing the rule of two medieval
leaders.
The above material is an indication of what candidates may elect to write about in their responses;
however, it is neither prescriptive nor exhaustive and no set answer is required. Examiners are
reminded of the need to apply the markbands that provide the “best fit” to the responses given by
candidates and to award credit wherever it is possible to do so.
–9– SPEC/3/HISTS/BP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M
7. Examine the social impact of two scientific or technological developments from the period
1400 to 1700.
The above material is an indication of what candidates may elect to write about in their responses;
however, it is neither prescriptive nor exhaustive and no set answer is required. Examiners are
reminded of the need to apply the markbands that provide the “best fit” to the responses given by
candidates and to award credit wherever it is possible to do so.
– 10 – SPEC/3/HISTS/BP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M
8. Evaluate the importance of merchants and travellers in bringing about economic change in the
period 1400 to 1700.
Candidates must demonstrate a clear understanding of the requirements of the question; in this
case candidates must make an appraisal of the importance of merchants and travellers in bringing
about economic change in the period 1400 to 1700.
The above material is an indication of what candidates may elect to write about in their responses;
however, it is neither prescriptive nor exhaustive and no set answer is required. Examiners are
reminded of the need to apply the markbands that provide the “best fit” to the responses given by
candidates and to award credit wherever it is possible to do so.
– 11 – SPEC/3/HISTS/BP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M
9. Examine the relationship between religion and the state in any one Early Modern state.
The above material is an indication of what candidates may elect to write about in their responses;
however, it is neither prescriptive nor exhaustive and no set answer is required. Examiners are
reminded of the need to apply the markbands that provide the “best fit” to the responses given by
candidates and to award credit wherever it is possible to do so.
– 12 – SPEC/3/HISTS/BP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M
10. Compare and contrast the reasons for resistance or rebellion in two colonial states, each chosen
from a different region.
The above material is an indication of what candidates may elect to write about in their responses;
however, it is neither prescriptive nor exhaustive and no set answer is required. Examiners are
reminded of the need to apply the markbands that provide the “best fit” to the responses given by
candidates and to award credit wherever it is possible to do so.
– 13 – SPEC/3/HISTS/BP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M
11. Compare and contrast the short-term causes of two Early Modern wars, each chosen from a
different region.
The above material is an indication of what candidates may elect to write about in their responses;
however, it is neither prescriptive nor exhaustive and no set answer is required. Examiners are
reminded of the need to apply the markbands that provide the “best fit” to the responses given by
candidates and to award credit wherever it is possible to do so.
– 14 – SPEC/3/HISTS/BP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M
12. Evaluate the role and importance of mercenaries in one Early Modern war.
Candidates must demonstrate a clear understanding of the requirements of the question; in this
case, candidates should make an appraisal of the role and importance of mercenaries in any one
war they have studied from the period 1500 to 1750.
The above material is an indication of what candidates may elect to write about in their responses;
however, it is neither prescriptive nor exhaustive and no set answer is required. Examiners are
reminded of the need to apply the markbands that provide the “best fit” to the responses given by
candidates and to award credit wherever it is possible to do so.
– 15 – SPEC/3/HISTS/BP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M
13. “The availability of natural resources was the most important cause of industrialization.” With
reference to two countries, each chosen from a different region, to what extent do you agree with
this statement?
The above material is an indication of what candidates may elect to write about in their responses;
however, it is neither prescriptive nor exhaustive and no set answer is required. Examiners are
reminded of the need to apply the markbands that provide the “best fit” to the responses given by
candidates and to award credit wherever it is possible to do so.
– 16 – SPEC/3/HISTS/BP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M
14. Examine the impact of industrialization on standards of living and working conditions in one
country.
The above material is an indication of what candidates may elect to write about in their responses;
however, it is neither prescriptive nor exhaustive and no set answer is required. Examiners are
reminded of the need to apply the markbands that provide the “best fit” to the responses given by
candidates and to award credit wherever it is possible to do so.
– 17 – SPEC/3/HISTS/BP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M
15. Evaluate the importance of war as a cause or catalyst for two independence movements, each
chosen from a different region.
Candidates must demonstrate a clear understanding of the requirements of the question and
effectively deploy knowledge of the key issue(s) raised by the question; in this case candidates
should make an appraisal of the importance of war as a cause or catalyst for two independence
movements, each chosen from a different region.
The above material is an indication of what candidates may elect to write about in their responses;
however, it is neither prescriptive nor exhaustive and no set answer is required. Examiners are
reminded of the need to apply the markbands that provide the “best fit” to the responses given by
candidates and to award credit wherever it is possible to do so.
– 18 – SPEC/3/HISTS/BP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M
16. “The greatest challenges facing newly independent states were economic.” With reference to one
newly independent state, to what extent do you agree with this statement?
Candidates must demonstrate a clear understanding of the requirements of the question; in this
case, candidates will need to discuss the extent to which they agree with the statement that the
greatest challenges facing newly independent states were economic.
The above material is an indication of what candidates may elect to write about in their responses;
however, it is neither prescriptive nor exhaustive and no set answer is required. Examiners are
reminded of the need to apply the markbands that provide the “best fit” to the responses given by
candidates and to award credit wherever it is possible to do so.
– 19 – SPEC/3/HISTS/BP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M
17. Compare and contrast the conditions that encouraged the demand for democratic reform in two
states, each chosen from a different region.
Candidates must demonstrate a clear understanding of the requirements of the question; in this
case, candidates should examine both the similarities and differences between the conditions that
encouraged the demand for democratic reform in two states, each from a different region.
The above material is an indication of what candidates may elect to write about in their responses;
however, it is neither prescriptive nor exhaustive and no set answer is required. Examiners are
reminded of the need to apply the markbands that provide the “best fit” to the responses given by
candidates and to award credit wherever it is possible to do so.
– 20 – SPEC/3/HISTS/BP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M
18. “Government policies in democratic states rarely affect the distribution of wealth.” To what extent
do you agree with this statement?
Candidates must demonstrate a clear understanding of the requirements of the question; in this
case, candidates will need to discuss the extent to which they agree with the statement that
government policies in democratic states rarely affect the distribution of wealth.
The above material is an indication of what candidates may elect to write about in their responses;
however, it is neither prescriptive nor exhaustive and no set answer is required. Examiners are
reminded of the need to apply the markbands that provide the “best fit” to the responses given by
candidates and to award credit wherever it is possible to do so.
– 21 – SPEC/3/HISTS/BP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M
19. “Successful foreign policy was essential for the maintenance of power by authoritarian leaders.”
With reference to one authoritarian leader, to what extent do you agree with this statement?
Candidates must demonstrate a clear understanding of the requirements of the question; in this
case, candidates will need to discuss the extent to which they agree with the statement that
successful foreign policy was essential for the maintenance of power for one authoritarian leader
they have studied.
The above material is an indication of what candidates may elect to write about in their responses;
however, it is neither prescriptive nor exhaustive and no set answer is required. Examiners are
reminded of the need to apply the markbands that provide the “best fit” to the responses given by
candidates and to award credit wherever it is possible to do so.
– 22 – SPEC/3/HISTS/BP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M
20. Compare and contrast the impact on women of the policies of two authoritarian states, each
chosen from a different region.
The above material is an indication of what candidates may elect to write about in their responses;
however, it is neither prescriptive nor exhaustive and no set answer is required. Examiners are
reminded of the need to apply the markbands that provide the “best fit” to the responses given by
candidates and to award credit wherever it is possible to do so.
– 23 – SPEC/3/HISTS/BP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M
21. Examine the role of ideology in causing two 20th-century civil wars, each chosen from a different
region.
Candidates must demonstrate a clear understanding of the requirements of the question; in this
case candidates should make an appraisal of the role of ideology in causing two 20th-century civil
wars, each chosen from a different region.
The above material is an indication of what candidates may elect to write about in their responses;
however, it is neither prescriptive nor exhaustive and no set answer is required. Examiners are
reminded of the need to apply the markbands that provide the “best fit” to the responses given by
candidates and to award credit wherever it is possible to do so.
– 24 – SPEC/3/HISTS/BP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M
22. Compare and contrast the role of technology in determining the outcome of two 20th-century wars.
Candidates must demonstrate a clear understanding of the requirements of the question; in this
case, candidates should discuss both the similarities and the differences in the role of technology
in determining the outcome of two 20th-century wars.
The above material is an indication of what candidates may elect to write about in their responses;
however, it is neither prescriptive nor exhaustive and no set answer is required. Examiners are
reminded of the need to apply the markbands that provide the “best fit” to the responses given by
candidates and to award credit wherever it is possible to do so.
– 25 – SPEC/3/HISTS/BP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M
Topic 12: The Cold War: Superpower tensions and rivalries (20th century)
23. Examine the impact of the US policy of containment on superpower relations between 1947 and
1964.
Candidates must demonstrate a clear understanding of the requirements of the question. In this
case, candidates must examine the impact of containment on superpower relations, rather than
simply describe a narrative of key events from the period.
The above material is an indication of what candidates may elect to write about in their responses;
however, it is neither prescriptive nor exhaustive and no set answer is required. Examiners are
reminded of the need to apply the markbands that provide the “best fit” to the responses given by
candidates and to award credit wherever it is possible to do so.
– 26 – SPEC/3/HISTS/BP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M
24. Evaluate the impact on the course of the Cold War of two crises, each chosen from a different
region.
Candidates must demonstrate a clear understanding of the requirements of the question; in this
case, candidates should make an appraisal of the impact on the course of the Cold War of two
crises, each from a different region.
The above material is an indication of what candidates may elect to write about in their responses;
however, it is neither prescriptive nor exhaustive and no set answer is required. Examiners are
reminded of the need to apply the markbands that provide the “best fit” to the responses given by
candidates and to award credit wherever it is possible to do so.