NCEA Level 1 Chemistry (90932) 2015 — page 1 of 6

Assessment Schedule – 2015

Chemistry: Demonstrate understanding of aspects of carbon chemistry (90932)
Evidence Statement

Q Evidence Achievement Merit Excellence

ONE • Any TWO correct.

(a)

Propene

(b)(i) Gas • Correct state.

(ii) The boiling point of butane will be • Higher, with a valid • Links greater
higher as there are more carbon (C) reason, e.g. longer C number of C’s to
atoms than in propane (longer C chain). chain / more C increased
As the molar mass increases, the forces atoms / stronger (intermolecular)
(intermolecular force) between the attractive forces / attractive forces
butane molecules / particles increases, more energy and increased
so more energy is required to overcome required, etc. boiling point.
these forces to form gaseous butane; so
the boiling point is higher.

(c) When there is a shortage of oxygen, • Incomplete

incomplete combustion will occur. combustion.
propane + oxygen  carbon + carbon
monoxide + water • Gives a word
• States a product of • Correct balanced
C3H8 + 3O2  2CO + C + 4H2O incomplete equation for
(accept balanced alternatives with equation for
combustion. incomplete
different # CO & C) incomplete
combustion /
Equations may have C and/or CO. combustion.
writes unbalanced
If there was a lack of oxygen: symbol equation.
• the flame would be more yellow –
due to specks of C glowing • Links one
• black smoke produced – black C • Describes one observation to a
• a black solid (soot) may be seen on observation during reaction occurring
the cooking pot – black C incomplete during incomplete
• less heat would be produced (slower combustion. combustion.
cooking) – since there is less oxygen
available for complete combustion.
The C (soot) and CO produced during • Links a product of
incomplete combustion are harmful to incomplete • Explains TWO
• States a valid effect
humans. C (soot) can be inhaled and combustion to an effects of
of incomplete
cause respiratory problems and damage effect on human incomplete
combustion on
the heart; it is also a carcinogen. CO is health. combustion
human health.
a poisonous gas as it binds to red blood products on
cells (preventing oxygen binding) and human health.
may cause death.
 NCEA Level 1 Chemistry (90932) 2015 — page 2 of 6

NØ N1 N2 A3 A4 M5 M6 E7 E8
No response or no 1a 3a 4a 6a 3m 4m 2e including 2e
relevant evidence equation and
weak explanation
 NCEA Level 1 Chemistry (90932) 2015 — page 3 of 6

Q Evidence Achievement Merit Excellence

TWO Process 1: Fractional distillation • TWO processes

(a)(i) Process 2: Cracking named.
Process 3: Polymerisation

(ii) Alkenes, such as ethene, contain at least • Alkenes have • Explains how C=C
one C=C. The double bond can be C=C. breaks and single
broken during polymerisation and C’s bonds form,
from adjacent molecules can form single producing long
bonds between them; forming long chain (may show
chains of C’s. single bonds
forming on a
diagram).

(b)(i) Catalyst, heat, pressure. • States one

condition
required.

(ii) C12H26  2C2H4 + C8H18 • Gives correct • Completes symbol

formulae of equation.
products.

(c) Crude oil consists of a mixture of • Describes crude • Explains that the • Links the process
hydrocarbon molecules of different sizes, oil as a mixture of crude oil needs to of fractional
which need to be distilled in order to (different sized) be separated into distillation to size
separate into useful fractions, since the hydrocarbons. fractions / different of the molecules,
fractions have different uses. hydrocarbons to the temperatures
Process 1 is carried out in a tall tower. The enable the at which they
• Recognises that
crude oil is heated and the hot particles fractions to be change state
separation of
rise. used. (boiling point),
fractions is based
and their position
Hydrocarbons of different molecular on differences in
of collection in
masses have different boiling points. boiling points. • Links EITHER the
the tower.
Larger molecules have higher boiling boiling point OR
points. When the heated crude oil vapour the size of the
• Describes the
enters the tower, the larger, heavier hydrocarbon to
process of
hydrocarbons with the higher boiling where the fraction
fractional
points condense into liquids lower down collects.
distillation.
in the tower, while the smaller, lighter
hydrocarbons with the lower boiling
• Links the size of
points rise up the tower and condense • Names two
the hydrocarbon to
back into a liquid at the lower products that are
its boiling point.
temperatures near the top of the tower. formed.
(The smallest hydrocarbons (C1 – C4)
remain gases at room temperature, and exit
from the top of the tower.)
The temperature at which a specific
hydrocarbon condenses is related to its
molecular mass, particularly the number of
carbon atoms. The lower / higher its
molecular mass is, the lower / higher the
temperature (boiling point) at which it
will condense. This determines
whereabouts on the tower the particular
fraction is collected.
Products formed during Process 1 may
include: propane, butane, octane, petrol,
diesel, kerosene, etc.
 NCEA Level 1 Chemistry (90932) 2015 — page 4 of 6

NØ N1 N2 A3 A4 M5 M6 E7 E8
No response or no relevant 1a 3a 4a 6a 3m 4m 1e with 1e
evidence minor error /
omission
 NCEA Level 1 Chemistry (90932) 2015 — page 5 of 6

Q Evidence Achievement Merit Excellence

THREE • Correct structure

(a)(i) (C bonded to O
not H).

(ii) Hydrocarbons contain C and H only. This • Recognises • Explains why

is the case for alkanes and alkenes; hydrocarbons alcohols are not
however alcohols also contain O, therefore contain only C and hydrocarbons.
are not hydrocarbons. H OR alcohols
contain oxygen.

(iii) Add sample of each separately to water. • Describes how to • Links test &
Ethanol will dissolve – mix / form a single distinguish observations to
layer; since (small) alcohols are soluble in samples, including physical properties
water because of the attractions between observations for of both substances.
the alcohol and water, i.e. attraction both substances.
between alcohol and water is greater than
attraction between alcohol molecules.
Octane will not dissolve – will form two
layers, since alkanes are not soluble in
water because there is no attraction
between the alkane and water.
(b) Glucose  ethanol + carbon dioxide • Completes word • Completes symbol • Balanced symbol
C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 equation. equation equation for
Fermentation involves the conversion of a (unbalanced). fermentation.
solution of sugar molecules (in water) into
ethanol and carbon dioxide in warm,
• States two • Links one condition • Explains the
anaerobic conditions using yeast as a
conditions of to the fermentation fermentation
catalyst. Yeast is a living organism and
fermentation process. process, including
requires warmth (and moisture) to carry
(warm, anaerobic, linking yeast to the
out fermentation. Yeast metabolises /
moisture, yeast conditions and
converts the sugars to alcohol when there
catalyst). products formed.
is a lack of oxygen / via anaerobic
respiration.
(c) Ethanol undergoes complete combustion • Recognises that • Links a product of• Evaluates the use
in plentiful oxygen with a blue / invisible / complete complete of ethanol as a fuel
hot flame to produce CO2 and H2O. combustion combustion to an for cars compared
CO2 and H2O (vapour), produced during occurs. environmental to hydrocarbons
complete combustion of ethanol, are impact. such as heptane,
significant greenhouse gases. CO2 and i.e. links product(s)
• States the products
H2O vapour enhance the greenhouse of complete
of complete • Links an advantage
effect which leads to increased trapping of combustion to
combustion. of burning ethanol
infra-red radiation in the atmosphere. This TWO
to a reason.
leads to climate change and issues around environmental
global warming (e.g. rising sea levels, • States a valid effects and
more adverse weather events). The ocean effect of complete • Unbalanced symbol explains ONE
absorbs CO2 released and this affects combustion on the equation. advantage of using
seawater chemistry. This can impact on environment. ethanol instead of
marine food webs at all levels, including a heptane.
food supply for humans.
Advantages of burning ethanol compared • Gives one
advantage of using • Balanced symbol
to burning heptane include:
ethanol as a fuel. equation for the
• ethanol contains fewer C atoms than complete
heptane, so less greenhouse gas combustion of
emissions (CO2), which contribute to ethanol.
climate change / global warming
• cleaner burning than heptane (heptane is
more likely to undergo incomplete
combustion); produces less C, CO,
 NCEA Level 1 Chemistry (90932) 2015 — page 6 of 6

which are harmful to health

• ethanol is renewable, whereas alkanes
such as heptane are non-renewable.
C2H5OH + 3O2  2CO2 + 3H2O

NØ N1 N2 A3 A4 M5 M6 E7 E8
No response or no relevant 1a 3a 5a 7a 4m 5m 2e (must 3e
evidence include
explanation
or
evaluation)

Cut Scores
Not Achieved Achievement Achievement with Merit Achievement with Excellence

0–6 7 – 13 14 – 20 21 – 24