SENSOR-BASED TRAFFIC LIGHT SYSTEM

Current traffic systems react to motion to trigger the light changes. Once the infrared object
detector picks up the presence of a car, a switch causes the lights to change. The main aim in
designing and developing of the Intelligent Traffic Signal Simulator is to reduce the waiting time
of each lane of the cars and also to maximize the total number of cars that can cross an
intersection given the mathematical function to calculate the waiting time. Increasing the
number of sensors to detect the presence of vehicles can further enhance the design of the traffic
light system. Another room of improvement is to have the infrared sensors replaced with an
imaging system/camera system so that it has a wide range of detection capabilities, which can
be enhanced and ventured into a perfect traffic system.

FULLY ACTUATED TRAFFIC LIGHT SYSTEM

Fully-actuated signals have detectors on all of the approaches. When detector registers a vehicle
and transfer information the controller and the controller registers the need for the phase to be
serviced, or have the right of way. When this phase is in service, it retains the right of way for a
minimum time and additional time can be given if more cars are detected during the green light.
This additional time is called the passage time. If there is enough traffic, extensions (in the form
of passage time) will be added to the phase up to some set maximum green time.
For actuated signals, it is common practice to set the maximum green time by determining the
green splits for the intersection as if it were pre-timed and then multiplying the values by 1.25 to
1.5

CONNECTED VEHICLE BASED TRAFFIC SIGNAL SYSTEM

Instead of relying on infrastructure sensors such as loop detectors, urban traffic signal control
can be transformed by Connected Vehicle (CV) technology. CV enables vehicle-to-everything
(V2X) communications and leads to an intelligent transportation system where all vehicles, road
users, and infrastructure systems can communicate with each other. Traffic controllers can
collect real-time data from CVs (position, speed, fuel consumption parameters), then process the
data to optimize signal-timing plans at an intersection, along a corridor, or for a region in order
to minimize delay, number of stops, and environmental impacts.
Traffic signal coordination can provide efficient movements of vehicle platoons through adjacent
intersections and reduce travel times, delays and the number of stops.

Signal timing is updated every 30 seconds